{"title":"Evaluating the Motives of Informal Entrepreneurs: Some Lessons from Ukraine","authors":"Colin Williams, J. Round, Peter Rodgers","doi":"10.1142/S1084946709001144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946709001144","url":null,"abstract":"To understand entrepreneurs' motivations, it has become increasingly common to distinguish between those driven by necessity (or pushed) and those driven by opportunity (or pulled) into entrepreneurship. Until now, entrepreneurs operating wholly or partially in the informal economy have been widely assumed to be necessity-driven, pushed into this enterprise as a survival strategy in the absence of alternatives. To evaluate whether this is indeed the case, this paper reports one of the first surveys of informal entrepreneurs' motives. Reporting face-to-face interviews conducted in Ukraine during 2005–06 with 298 informal entrepreneurs, the finding is although most identified themselves as necessity entrepreneurs when initially asked whether they were either pushed or pulled, subsequent questions reveal in the vast majority of cases, there were not only both push and pull factors driving their original decision to start-up informal enterprises, but also a clear shift among these entrepreneurs as their business became established away from necessity-oriented motivations and toward more opportunity-oriented motivations. The outcome is a call for a transcendence of a static either/or approach and the adoption of a dynamic both/and approach that recognizes the coexistence of necessity- and opportunity-drivers as well as the fluidity of entrepreneurs' motivations.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124271859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Remittances on Labour Force in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis of Labour Participation and Employment","authors":"Dr Kazi Abdul Mannan, V. Kozlov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3719942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3719942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, the neoclassical model of labour supply has been used to investigate the labour force participation and the probability of being employed for the case of Bangladesh. To our knowledge, this represents one of the first detailed studies of labour force participation for Bangladesh and one of the few that exist for transition countries. The dataset was obtained from the Household Survey in Sylhet Division in Bangladesh during the period January to June 2004. The models have been estimated using Probit estimation method, separately for males and females. The findings suggest that remittances, as an important source of non-labour income, do not affect the labour force participation in any of the originally specified models. Among the most important are the education variables which are highly significant and positive with regard to probability of being active and employed. One of the main findings is that as the number of unemployed adult’s increases this decreases both the probability of being active and employed for males and females. Conclusively, the findings of this paper are largely in line with the theoretical framework and the literature with the exception of the remittances flow. Further research may be required to investigate the impact of remittances. Specifically, for Bangladesh, in such future research it may not be as important to investigate this from the viewpoint of hours of work as much as to have individual data with detailed income from both labour and non-labour sources.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131392354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Determinants of Labor Force Participation: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"W. Cullison","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2116566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2116566","url":null,"abstract":"Before the mid-1960's economists generally accepted, with two major exceptions, the neoclassical theory of aggregate labor supply, i.e., the theory that the number or workers supplied to the market varied with wages, population, and work preferences, with work preferences and population treated as exogenous and outside the realm of economics.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}