Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Time-dependent small strain properties of a lime-treated lean clay","authors":"Kang Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Huan Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the time-dependent small strain properties of a lime-treated red mudstone fill material (LRMF) during long-term curing up to 8640 hours. The main objective is to develop a unified framework describing the S-shape evolution mode of small strain shear modulus <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and Poisson’s ratio <span><math><mi>v</mi></math></span>. With this emphasis, a series of bender-extender element tests was conducted on LRMF compacted at three void ratios and two lime contents. Three-stages, namely, stage I (initial curing), stage II (primary curing) and stage III (secondary curing) were clearly clarified. Such a pattern was captured well by the small strain properties characteristic curve (SSPCC). The separations between each stage were reasonably determined by examining the inflection point and the tangent at the inflection point. The feasibility of the proposed framework was verified by applying SSPCC to not only RMF, but also to a wide range of artificial soils including lime-treated silt and cemented clay. Microfabric modification was found responsible for the three-stage behavior of small strain properties. Compared to the untreated specimen, the lime hydration causes an evident pore volume transition where the noticeable increase in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is observed even at short curing period. This transition proceeds at stage II, leading to the densification in soil fabrics and the progressive growth in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Further curing period denotes the slowdown of the pore structure change and the agglomeration, from which the stage III can be determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pozzolanic activity of biochar with high carbon content and its influence on comprehensive strength-emission performance of biochar-cement composite paste","authors":"Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Shulin Tan ,&nbsp;Longbang Qing ,&nbsp;Yaqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar has complex influences on the mechanical properties and carbon emissions of biochar-cement composite concrete. Aiming to prove the beneficial effects of biochar with high carbon content on the compressive strength and carbon-emission reduction of concrete, this study tested the pozzolanic ability of four biochars with their carbon content as high as 78 wt% - 90 wt%, evaluated their pozzolanic activity levels, and further estimated their integrated influences on the compressive strength and carbon emission of biochar-cement composite pastes. The result shows that biochar with high carbon content has pozzolanic activity which is determined by its amorphous SiO₂ content as well as carbon content. Biochar-cement composite pastes especially adding biochar with high pozzolanic activity level present good performances, even has the biochar dosage as high as 20 wt%. The compressive strength of composite paste is ideally linked with the sum amount of hydration products from both cement hydration reaction and biochar pozzolanic reaction. The parameter, relative strength-to-emission ratio, is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of compressive strength and carbon emission of composite paste. For composite paste with biochar dosage of 20 wt%, its value can reach several times to even tens of times higher than that of biochar-free cement paste, showing that biochar with high carbon content has a huge positive effect on the comprehensive strength-emission performance of biochar-cement composite paste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141427"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of pre-stressed high-strength concrete pipe piles produced with steel slag powder and ground quartz sand as composite supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"Xinkui Yang ,&nbsp;Botao Tu ,&nbsp;Shaopeng Wu ,&nbsp;Shi Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Song ,&nbsp;Dongyu Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing industrial solid waste as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the production of pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles can reduce the consumption of cement, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the pipe pile industry. This study focused on optimizing the use of composite SCMs including ground quartz sand (GQS) and steel slag powder (SSP) to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of PHC pipe pile concrete. The effects of GQS and SSP on the reaction products, microstructure, pore structure, mechanical properties and durability of PHC pipe pile concrete were investigated. Experimental results showed that due to the filling effect and pozzolanic effect of GQS and SSP, composite SCMs not only improves the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone between paste and aggregates in PHC pipe pile concrete, but also reduces the porosity of concrete and improves its pore structure, thereby enhancing the compressive strength and durability of concrete. When the GQS content is 20 % and the SSP content is 10 %, compared to the control group with 100 % cement, the concrete’s porosity decreased by 19.3 %, the chloride ion diffusion coefficient decreased by 47.1 %, and the compressive strength increased by 3.4 %. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the resource utilization of steel slag and offer theoretical support for the low-carbon and sustainable development of PHC pipe pile industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141451"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the material composition design of Porous Elastic Asphalt Mixture (PEAM) based on the volumetric method","authors":"Changpeng Men,&nbsp;Sen Han,&nbsp;Ouming Xu,&nbsp;Yingyong Zheng,&nbsp;Youdong Luo,&nbsp;Yinzhang He","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) are currently recognised as the most effective pavement type for noise reduction. However, the material composition design of PERS lacks a sufficient theoretical foundation and methodology, particularly for designing aggregate structures and determining the binder content. In this study, porous elastic asphalt mixture (PEAM) was used as the object, and the material composition was designed using volumetric theoretical calculations supplemented by indoor experimental methods. Aggregate particle sizes were determined to be 2.36–4.75 mm and 4.75–9.5 mm using particle packing theory. Aggregate content was established as 40 % volume content of 2.36–4.75 mm through packing density tests. The binder and mineral powder contents were calculated using a modified coarse aggregate void filling (CAVF) method. The material composition design method based on the volumetric method is reasonable and feasible, as verified by pavement performance tests. The rutting resistance of the PEAM was comparable to that of PAC-13. Compared to PAC-13, the crack resistance of PEAM improved by 30 %–170 %, the water damage resistance increased by 1 %–6 %, and the looseness resistance increased by 27 %–66 %. In addition, the noise reduction performance of PEAM is excellent, reducing noise by 3.1–7.7 dB(A) compared to AC-13, and superior to PAC-13. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the material composition design of PERS and PEAM, which can contribute to the effective reduction of tire/pavement noise and waste tire pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141441"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of reinforced slag-fly ash-ceramic waste powders ternary geopolymer concrete under chloride ingress environment","authors":"Gaoxu Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuwei Ma ,&nbsp;Haoliang Huang ,&nbsp;Zuhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangxiong Wei ,&nbsp;Caijun Shi ,&nbsp;Qijun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic waste powders (CWP) can be potentially used as precursors for preparing geopolymers. However, under marine environment, the influence of CWP on chloride resistance of geopolymer concrete and corrosion performance of the reinforcement embedded in geopolymer concrete are still not clear and needs to be clarified. This study systematically investigates the durability of reinforced slag-fly ash (FA)-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete under chloride ingress environments, aiming at elucidating the degradation mechanisms and providing theoretical basis for predicting service life of reinforced slag-FA-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete. By comparing workability, mechanical properties, chloride penetration resistance, drying shrinkage and steel corrosion resistance of C40-grade ternary geopolymer concrete with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, this research highlights the potential application of reinforced slag-FA-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete for marine environment. The results demonstrated that slag-FA-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete achieved workability and mechanical properties comparable to OPC concrete; further the ternary geopolymer concrete also exhibited denser pore structure and significantly lower chloride diffusion coefficient. During 240-day chloride immersion, steel embedded in slag-FA-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete maintained stable passive state, highlighting its superior anti-corrosion properties. These findings indicate that due to the retardation effect and micro-aggregate filling effect, the slag-FA-CWP ternary geopolymer concrete with excellent durability is a very promising green alternative to OPC under marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141447"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of recycled crushed clay bricks as fine aggregates in enhancing the performance of ferrocement-strengthened RC beams","authors":"Md Jihad Miah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shamim Miah ,&nbsp;Noor Md.Sadiqul Hasan ,&nbsp;Md.Habibur Rahman Sobuz ,&nbsp;Ye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferrocement is a highly effective composite material for enhancing damaged-reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements thanks to its excellent fracture resistance, tensile and flexural strength, crack resistance and durability. This material is applied in thin layers of cement mortar reinforced with steel wire mesh. The resulting structures are strong, lightweight, and cost-effective while allowing for incorporating recycled materials, promoting sustainability and environmental friendliness. Inspired by the outstanding performances of this technique, this study investigated 20 RC beams strengthened using ferrocement. Ferrocement mortar was fabricated with five various substitute rates (0–100 %, with 25 % incremental) of natural sand (NS) by recycled crushed clay brick (RCCB) and two water to cement ratios (w/c) of 0.30 and 0.50. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, and porosity of the mortar, were also investigated. In addition, a data-based model was developed and validated with experimental results. A significant enhancement in flexural resistance was recorded for the strengthened beam with up to 50 % RCCB than the unstrengthened beam-USB (15 % and 6 % for w/c of 0.30 and 0.50, respectively, higher than USB), which is aligned with the substantially higher mechanical strength and lower porosity of mortar. It was registered that the damaged beams strengthened with 50 % RCCB were able to nearly reach the stiffness of the USBs and deliver higher deflection (81 % and 31 % for a w/c of 0.30 and 0.50, respectively, higher than 100 % USB) with ductile failure induced by multiple flexural and diagonal cracks. The proposed data-based modelling achieved excellent results, accurately predicting the beams' load deflection and the mortar mixes' strengths and porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141412"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and dynamic response of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete to fire exposure: Experimental and computational approaches","authors":"Mohsin Ali ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Feng ,&nbsp;Maher Ali Rusho ,&nbsp;Mostafa Babaeian Jelodar ,&nbsp;Fabián Danilo Reyes Silva ,&nbsp;José Luis Llamuca Llamuca ,&nbsp;Dany Marcelo Tasán Cruz ,&nbsp;Noormal Samandari","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire and explosive events pose significant threats to infrastructure, leading to devastating human and economic losses. To address this, Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) has emerged as a promising material due to its exceptional compressive strength (CS) and durability. However, its performance under extreme heat remains a critical concern. This study delves into the fire resistance of HFRC, exploring how it withstands high temperatures and dynamic loading conditions. Experimental tests were conducted on HFRC samples, incorporating steel fibers, synthetic fibers, superplasticizer, and fly ash, exposed to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C for durations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The results reveal intriguing trends: dynamic compressive strength (fcd) and specific energy absorption (SEA) initially increase, peaking at 200°C, before declining at higher temperatures, while strain rate effects (ε) consistently rise. The optimal fcd threshold is identified at 400°C, with synthetic fibers significantly enhancing dynamic properties, particularly at a 1.5 % fiber content. To further advance understanding, this study employs cutting-edge machine learning techniques, developing XGBoost models using 213 experimental data points. These models demonstrate remarkable predictive accuracy, with R-values of 0.998 (training), 0.920 (validation), and 0.899 (testing). Global Sensitivity Analysis underscores temperature and high strain rate as the most influential factors. By combining experimental insights with advanced predictive modelling, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of HFRC's behaviour under extreme conditions, paving the way for designing resilient, fire-resistant infrastructure. This work not only bridges critical knowledge gaps but also provides actionable tools for engineers and researchers striving to enhance structural safety in high-risk environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic tensile properties of geopolymer aggregates engineered cementitious composites (GPA-ECC) with varying GPA replacement ratios","authors":"Jun Su ,&nbsp;Zilong Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiwen He ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Xia ,&nbsp;Songbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the dynamic tensile properties of geopolymer aggregates engineered cementitious composites (GPA-ECC), this study conducted direct tensile tests at strain rates (<span><math><mover><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mo>̇</mo></mover></math></span>) of 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹, 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, 10⁻³ s⁻¹, and 10⁻² s⁻¹ on GPA-ECC with varying GPA replacement ratios (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %). Tensile properties, including tensile strength, tensile strain, strain energy density, and the strength index for pseudo-strain hardening (<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>PSH</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>strength</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>), were derived from the stress-strain curves. The dynamic increase factor (<em>DIF</em>) was introduced to characterise the relationship between dynamic tensile properties and strain rates. Fracture morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were combined to examine crack behaviour and microstructural characteristics, elucidating the mechanisms by which strain rate and GPA influence the dynamic tensile properties of GPA-ECC. Macroscopic tensile results revealed that, under quasi-static conditions (10⁻⁵ s⁻¹), the incorporation of GPA reduced tensile strength by up to 46.8 % but significantly enhanced ductility, energy absorption capacity, and strain-hardening ability, with maximum improvements of 125.2 %, 20.8 %, and 40.9 %, respectively. A comparison with other aggregate types of ECC reveals that the GPA-ECC with full replacement (F0G100) still maintains excellent strength levels. Under dynamic conditions with increasing strain rates (10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻² s⁻¹), tensile strength increased, while tensile strain, strain energy density, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>PSH</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>strength</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> decreased. Additionally, GPA increased the strain rate sensitivity of the tensile properties, with more pronounced <em>DIF</em> variations observed at higher GPA replacement ratios. BSE-EDS analysis demonstrated that GPA interacted with the matrix, forming additional chemical bonds at the interfacial transition zone. SEM characterization of both fibre fracture morphology and fibre/matrix interfacial morphology revealed that the enhanced interfacial bonding was primarily responsible for the fracture failure of PE fibres under high-strain-rate loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141443"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the preparation and pore structure of porous brucite-based magnesium phosphate cement","authors":"Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Shiru Long ,&nbsp;Hui Lin ,&nbsp;Zigeng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiongfei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium phosphate cement offers high strength, excellent temperature resistance, alongside superior bonding properties; but its high density, substantial carbon emissions, and instability in foaming processes restrict its applications in thermal insulation and fire protection. This study employed natural brucite and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the base materials for magnesium phosphate cement, while magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as foaming agents to prepare porous brucite-based magnesium phosphate cement (BMPC). The study focused on investigating the physical and mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and microstructure of the BMPC. The results indicate that, within the same density range, magnesium carbonate-modified BMPC has the least impact on mechanical properties, while the thermal conductivity can be reduced by 46.6 % and the thermal diffusivity by 110.4 %. The results indicate that, within the same density range, magnesium carbonate-modified BMPC has the least impact on mechanical properties, the proportion of small and medium pores increases, and the fractal dimension is the lowest. BMPC offers advantages such as lightweight, thermal insulation, and low carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an enhanced double-layer hydrophobic system for wood via MTMS cross-linking, lumen filling and MTCS surface treatment","authors":"Yulan Jian ,&nbsp;Shuai Chen ,&nbsp;Dennis W. Hess ,&nbsp;Mengke Huang ,&nbsp;Hengyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiankun Liang ,&nbsp;Linkun Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of fast-grown timber species is hindered by their high susceptibility to water absorption, poor dimensional stability, and inadequate mechanical strength. In this study, poplar wood underwent a sequential impregnation process with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and an ammonia-ethanol mixture. This combined treatment allowed silane cross-linking with cell walls while also filling wood cavities, promoting the in-situ growth of nanoparticles. After the impregnation process, a subsequent surface treatment with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) was then performed to establish a hydrophobic surface layer. Through structural and surface modification, a novel double-layer hydrophobic system was constructed to enhance water resistance. The modified wood exhibits a surface water contact angle of 153.6° ± 0.5° and a 10-mm depth contact angle of 112.8° ± 0.6°, illustrating the effectiveness of the dual-layer hydrophobic structure. Compared to the control wood, the modified samples exhibited a 65.6 % reduction in 24 h water absorption and a 48.4 % decrease in volume swelling. Additionally, cross-linking and lumen filling considerably improved the mechanical properties of the modified wood. The double-layer hydrophobic system shows significant potential to extend the service life of wood and enhance its mechanical performance, paving the way for broader applications in moisture-sensitive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141438"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}