Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of long term performance of asphalt concrete track under train speeds and temperatures in service line","authors":"Seong-Hyeok Lee ,&nbsp;Sung-Il Kim ,&nbsp;Sarkar MD Nasim ,&nbsp;Dae-Wook Park","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt concrete (AC) tracks are known to reduce maintenance costs and efforts by improving bearing capacity, enhancing the stability and durability of track structures, and reducing vibration and noise. In addition, train operation can be started quickly after asphalt paving is completed, and the track can be quickly restored in the event of major deformation due to derailment, etc., and it is a recyclable material. But one of the most important environmental factors affecting the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures is temperature, that is, temperature distribution and environmental conditions of asphalt concrete track have influence on the performance. Therefore, in order to verify the temperature effect on asphalt concrete tracks, the pressure acting on the upper surface of the subballast layer and the strain of the lower surface of the asphalt layer were measured during one year of train operation. In this study, the load distribution characteristics, plastic deformation and crack resistance according to temperature, and theoretical and analytical analyses based on domestic and international design standards were conducted for the structure of asphalt concrete track, specifically the asphalt concrete layer and subballast layer. AC tracks are affected by temperature as in previous literature, and show larger values compared to the values of Fixed point load tests, but the pressure of the subballast layer directly underneath the rail is 46.68 kPa to 54.81 kPa, which is within the allowable subballast pressure (133 kPa), and the asphalt layer strain rate also shows a low value of 17.19–21.58με. Through this research, it was confirmed that asphalt concrete track meets the design standards and possesses excellent load distribution characteristics, plasticity, and crack resistance. In addition, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the influence of train speed, and the results showed that asphalt concrete tracks can ensure safety in terms of support even when a train runs at 350 km/h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140511"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method and mechanism for enhancing frost resistance in cement using hydrogel","authors":"Zhaoqiang Lu ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Dandan Yin ,&nbsp;Liqiang Yin ,&nbsp;Changwang Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Shihui Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The freeze-thaw durability of cementitious materials is a critical issue for long-term infrastructure performance. This paper proposes a novel approach that transitions from traditional passive methods of improving frost resistance to an active method. It fundamentally inhibits the freezing of pore water and reduces or eliminates frost heave forces. Hydrogels were prepared using a physical freeze-thaw method and its formation mechanism, microstructure, and mechanical properties were thoroughly analyzed. The hydrogels were then broken into particles and incorporated into cement to create enhanced cementitious materials. The frost resistance of these composites was evaluated to elucidate the mechanism by which the hydrogels improve frost resistance. Results indicated that the addition of hydrogels did not lead to the formation of new hydration products but promoted cement hydration by maintaining more unfrozen water. The amount of ice formation and the freezing rate in hydrogel cement composites were significantly lower than in pure cement paste. This effectively inhibited freeze-thaw damage and substantially improved frost resistance. Specifically, the mass loss rate of cement paste reached 7.19 % after only 125 freeze-thaw cycles, exceeding the freeze-thaw damage threshold. In contrast, hydrogel-enhanced cementitious materials demonstrated a mass loss rate of just 0.15 % after 250 freeze-thaw cycles. They also exhibited a compressive strength reduction of only about 10 %, maintaining nearly 50 MPa. Additionally, the flexural strength test for cement paste prism specimens could not be performed after 150 freeze-thaw cycles due to severe damage. In contrast, the flexural strength of hydrogel cement composites decreased by only 3.50 % at minimum. These results highlight the potential of hydrogel-modified cementitious materials for creating more resilient infrastructure that can withstand harsh freeze-thaw conditions. This advancement contributes to more sustainable construction practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140482"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient comprehensive recycling process of overhaul slag via alkali roasting and two-stage leaching","authors":"Liangmin Dong ,&nbsp;Fen Jiao ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Chen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overhaul slag as a hazardous solid waste generated in the aluminum electrolysis industry, contains abundant valuable substances while posing severe threats to the ecological environment. Green and scientific high-value recycling of overhaul slag can effectively prevent environmental pollution and mitigate the crisis of global resource shortage. In this paper, an alkali roasting and two-stage leaching process is proposed to purify graphite and re-prepare cryolite efficiently and environmentally friendly. Firstly, NaOH roasting converts insoluble fluorine and aluminum compounds into soluble NaF and NaAlO₂ phases, respectively. These phases are selectively extracted into the solution via water leaching. Under optimal conditions, the leaching rates of fluorine and aluminum reached 99.5 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The residue is then subjected to acid leaching to further purify the graphite purity from 86.2 % to 98.6 %. Finally, the aqueous leaching solution and acid leaching solution are mixed to recover fluorine and aluminum in the form of cryolite. The whole process is low-cost, pollution-free, and achieves harmless treatment and full-component recycling of overhaul slag, providing a green channel for the high-value utilization of hazardous wastes in the aluminum smelting process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140537"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability study of CRTS III slab ballastless track under the combined effects of fatigue damage and carbonation","authors":"Li Song ,&nbsp;Libing Chen ,&nbsp;Maodong Zhu ,&nbsp;Lian Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the durability issues of CRTS III slab ballastless track concrete under the combined effects of fatigue damage and carbonation, this study develops a carbonation model for concrete and a reinforcement corrosion rate model, based on porous media theory and material transport principles, combined with experimental analyses. Numerical simulations were performed, and the results were compared with experimental data to validate the models' accuracy. The study also explores the influence of various parameters on CO₂ transport and internal reinforcement corrosion within the CRTS III slab ballastless track. The results indicate that, under fixed damage levels and carbonation durations, the carbonation depth of the self-compacting concrete layer is positively correlated with CO₂ concentration and temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. The average corrosion rate of the reinforcing steel anode is approximately proportional to the anode-to-cathode surface area ratio. As saturation varies, significant changes are observed in the corrosion potential at the cathode surface, whereas the anode surface shows relatively smaller changes. Additionally, the corrosion of the outermost longitudinal reinforcing steel in the self-compacting layer intensifies with increasing temperature. This model elucidates the mechanisms of CO₂ diffusion and reinforcing steel corrosion in ballastless track concrete under the combined effects of fatigue and carbonation. It provides a theoretical basis for durability analysis and assessment of CRTS III slab ballastless track systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140454"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive fatigue resistance and damage evolution model of foamed polyurethane grouting materials under different loading characteristics and densities","authors":"Wang Pan ,&nbsp;Yongbo Wang ,&nbsp;Weiliang Gao ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Cuixia Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Pengjia Zhu ,&nbsp;Fuming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foamed polyurethane grouting materials are susceptible to progressive fatigue damage under traffic loads after rehabilitation for highways and railways. This work systematically investigated compressive fatigue performance, focusing on density, stress level, and loading frequency. Additionally, a fatigue damage evolution model was developed. The test results revealed lower loading frequencies, stress levels, and densities led to higher fatigue life. Stress level and loading frequency had minimal impact on the initial dynamic stiffness, which increased following a power-law relationship with increasing density. In addition, the initial dynamic stiffness was approximately 1.58 times that of the quasi-static stiffness. Adjustment, stable change, and failure stages characterized stiffness damage evolution curves. Stress level and loading frequency had a limited impact on stiffness damage evolution compared to density. At failure, stiffness damage exceeded 0.3. The proposed compressive fatigue damage evolution model, incorporating density and loading characteristics, demonstrated strong agreement with test results, with mean constitutive curve errors below 6.61 %. This work provides a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for further numerical analyses and engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140514"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscoelasticity stage evolution characteristics and multiphase microstructure of aged crumb rubber-modified asphalt","authors":"Ruipu Chen ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Hu ,&nbsp;Hongzhou Zhu ,&nbsp;Li Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the complex composition of the internal structures of aged crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA), the current understanding of its aging properties and mechanism is lacking. Therefore, this study used the Christensen–Anderson–Marasteanu model, established the master curves of the complex moduli and phase angles of aged CRMA samples, and analyzed the evolution of their viscoelastic properties. Moreover, gel permeation chromatography and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microscopic characteristics of the asphalt and crumb rubber modifier (CRM) phases of the CRMA samples. In aging, the evolution process of the complex modulus and phase angles of CRMAs demonstrated three stages in the low-frequency domain. With the degradation of the CRM, the plateau in the master curves of the phase angles gradually disappeared and the slopes of the Han curves gradually increased. The plateau of phase angle and slope of the Han curve were used as indices to evaluate the degradation of the CRM in the aged CRMA. The microscopic tests demonstrated that the further degradation effect of the CRM degradation products decreased the weight-average molecular weight of the aged CRMA. In addition, the degradation of the CRM probably affected the formation of asphaltene and reduced its content. The CRM of the unaged CRMA exhibited a fluffy structure similar to that of a sponge. As the aging time increased, the surface of the CRM tended to be smooth, the pore structure disappeared, and finally, the fluffy structural form of the CRM disappeared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140531"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and contact states of hot-recycled asphalt mixing at a non-thermal equilibrium condition based on discrete element method","authors":"Jiangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Liu ,&nbsp;Long Yin ,&nbsp;Jiantao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixing of hot recycled asphalt mixture (HRAM) plays a critical role in its performance, particularly in non-uniform temperature environments and high RAP content scenarios. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the mixing process of HRAM to achieve high-quality production of HRAMs. In this study, the DEM method was employed to simulate the mixing process of HRAMs with predetermined RAP temperatures of 353 K, 373 K, and 393 K, and varying RAP contents at 20 %, 40 %, and 60 %. Statistical analysis of temperature distribution was conducted. Additionally, for representation of particle contact state, contact number statistics and coordination number indicators were introduced. The study revealed that with increasing mixing time, the temperature distribution of asphalt mixture particles gradually concentrated and the average temperature decreased. In all cases examined in this study, a turning point in the temperature field distribution was observed at approximately 50 seconds. Complete thermal equilibrium was not found in a limited mixing time of 90 seconds. The interaction between particles underwent significant changes during the initial stages of mixing and stabilized in the final state, which was influenced by both the RAP content and predetermined RAP temperatures. The ANN (Average Nearest Neighbour Analysis) index introduced can serve as a crucial indicator to characterize the mixing of hot-recycled asphalt mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140526"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of performance evolution in recycled asphalt mixtures: The impact of virgin and RAP binder blending","authors":"Mingchen Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Tian Jin ,&nbsp;Weiying Wang ,&nbsp;Yiren Sun ,&nbsp;Huailei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hot recycled asphalt mixtures not only effectively repurpose reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) but also deliver performance that rivals conventional hot-mixed asphalt mixture. This remarkable capability has facilitated their widespread application in practical engineering projects. The design process for hot recycled asphalt mixtures is referenced to hot-mixed asphalt mixtures. When evaluating the performance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures, it is generally required to refer to the test protocols for conventional hot-mixed asphalt mixtures, including the conditioning time prior to performance testing. However, the phenomenon of diffusion and blending between virgin and RAP binders in the recycled mixtures introduces a level of instability in performance following the mixing and compaction processes. This instability can result in significant inaccuracies in performance evaluation results. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the impact of the degree of blending(DOB) between virgin and RAP asphalt on the performance of recycled mixtures to prevent misestimation of their performance. For this purpose, the present study selected three different sources of RAP to prepare nine groups of recycled mixtures with varying RAP content, and analyzed the variation of the DOB between virgin and RAP asphalt, as well as the performance of the recycled mixtures after different conditioning times. Results indicated that the degree of blending between virgin and RAP asphalt in the recycled mixtures continued to increase after the forming process until full blending was achieved. The time required for full blending is influenced by the RAP content, the aging level of RAP binders, and the gradation variability of the mixture. The DOB between virgin and RAP asphalt significantly influences the high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, and water stability of the mixtures.This variation can cause the properties of the designed recycled mixtures to deviate from expectations. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct performance testing of the recycled mixtures only after achieving full blending between the virgin and RAP asphalt, ensuring more accurate evaluations. Finally, to facilitate this process, a predictive model has been established to estimate the time required for the full blending of virgin and RAP asphalt in recycled mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140519"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced BiVO4 photocatalyst anchored on construction waste bricks powder for efficient formaldehyde and methylene blue degradation","authors":"Liguang Xiao,&nbsp;Yiming Wang,&nbsp;Junlin Yan,&nbsp;Zhenqiang Duan,&nbsp;He Han,&nbsp;Dawei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing accumulation of construction waste and organic pollutants, efficient treatment methods are urgently needed. This study reports the hybridisation of construction waste bricks (CWB) with BiVO₄ (BVO) using a hydrothermal method to synthesise a novel photocatalytic material. Significant improvements in photocatalytic performance of the BVO/CWB-11 composite are seen to address charge carrier recombination in BVO. With a lower <em>E</em>_<em>g</em> of 2.18 eV and an absorption edge extending to 577 nm, this composite can enhance visible light absorption and suppress electron hole recombination. The evidence for this includes reduced photoluminescence intensity showing the longer carrier lifetime and also the enhanced transient photocurrent response. Under simulated visible light, BVO/CWB-11 gives degradation efficiencies for methylene blue (MB) and formaldehyde (CH₂O) of 95.66 and 77.85 %, respectively, which are 1.8 and 1.37 times that of pure BVO. The incorporation of CWB not only provides a low-cost recycling option for construction waste but also offers an alternative approach to the treatment of MB and CH₂O removal. This work provides a stepping stone towards the application of BVO-based photocatalysts in environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140536"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of boron doping and cooling condition on polymorph and early strength of dicalcium silicate","authors":"Xiaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Xie ,&nbsp;Zhen Huo ,&nbsp;Qiao Shi ,&nbsp;Hongjie Luo ,&nbsp;Shidong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to prepare dicalcium silicate (Ca₂SiO₄, C₂S) with high hydration activity, the effects of boron doping and cooling condition on the early hydration performance of synthesized dicalcium silicate were investigated. The results showed that approximately 20 % of the α′_H-C₂S with high hydration activity existed in clinkers sintered with the addition of boric acid, which was negligibly affected by cooling conditions. In this study, even in the clinker prepared by the slow cooling method and without boron-doping, no water-nonreaction γ-phase was detected, which was mainly attributed to its smaller particle size. Clinkers prepared by the rapid cooling method exhibited smaller particle size and larger specific surface area compared with those prepared by natural cooling process. It was noteworthy that among the two controlled parameters, boron doping was the primary factor influencing the hydration process and mechanical strength. During the initial 28-day hydration process, the microscopic morphology of the hydration product underwent a sequential evolution, starting as a flocculent thin film, then transforming into a needle-like structure, and finally evolving into a short rod shape morphology. After 28 days of hydration, samples doped with boric acid or prepared by fast cooling underwent silicate chains polymerization due to the increase in hydrogen alkali concentration, leading to the formation of hydration products rich in Q²-type silicate chains. The compressive strength after curing for 28 days for samples doped with boric acid was more than twice that of the samples without boric acid doping. Clinker doped with boric acid and prepared by fast cooling method exhibited ultra-high compressive strength after 28 days of hydration, surpassing 50 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 140508"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}