Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of RC/ECC hybrid frame structures supported by foundations with different elevations","authors":"Jun Han ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Xu ,&nbsp;Guojue Wang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhang ,&nbsp;Liping Liu ,&nbsp;Yingmin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frame structures supported by foundations with different elevations (FSSFDEs) are particularly vulnerable during strong earthquakes. This paper proposes applying engineered cementitious composites (ECC), which exhibit tensile strain-hardening and multi-cracking properties, at weak parts such as upper embedded columns and joints to form RC/ECC hybrid FSSFDEs for enhancing their collapse resistance and post-earthquake recoverability. The performance tests and numerical simulations of ECC materials with different mixing ratios were compared to identify the optimal ECC ratio suitable for FSSFDEs with standard concrete strength. A five-story RC/ECC hybrid FSSFDE model was designed using the preferred ECC material, followed by a static low-cycle reciprocating test. The results were compared with those from a traditional RC model to evaluate the impact of ECC on crack resistance, damage modes, and collapse resistance. Additionally, finite element analysis was conducted to further investigate the seismic performance of RC/ECC hybrid FSSFDE models with various parameters. The findings indicate that ECC significantly reduces damage to upper embedded columns and joints, enhances maintainability, and preserves the integrity of the concrete. Furthermore, ECC improves the compressive flexural capacities of longitudinal reinforcement in columns, leading to a notable increase in collapse resistance. The damage modes, ductility, stiffness degradation behavior, and energy dissipation capacity of the RC/ECC hybrid specimen are better than those of the conventional RC specimen. Finite element parametric analysis reveals that utilizing ECC shifts damage from upper embedded members to the stories beneath the upper embedding end, facilitating more uniform and controllable development of structural plastic hinges. As the number of spans beneath the upper embedding end increases, the damage to upper embedded columns intensifies. Conversely, as the number of stories beneath the upper embedding end increases, damage transfers to the grounded side, exacerbating the damage to the upper embedded columns. Therefore, it is recommended to minimize the number of spans beneath the upper embedding end when the number of stories under the upper embedding end is high.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140418"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sintered secondary aluminum ash grinding fine power on the properties of modified magnesium oxysulfate cement-based materials","authors":"Jiaming Cui ,&nbsp;Hongrui Ma ,&nbsp;Zheyang Ma,&nbsp;Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Luxin Ji,&nbsp;Mingfang Ba","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce the production costs of modified magnesium oxysulfate (MMOS) cement-based materials and realize the reutilize of secondary aluminum ash, this study investigated the effects of grinding fine powder derived from sintered secondary aluminum ash (DF) on the workability, mechanical properties, and shrinkage characteristics of MMOS cement-based materials. Various techniques including XRD, SEM, FTIR, TG, ICP, MIP, and hydration heat test were employed to analyze the mechanism. The results indicate that increasing DF content notably enhances the fluidity and reduces shrinkage of MMOS cement-based materials, while mechanical properties generally decrease. However, the decline in mechanical properties becomes negligible when DF content is below 10 %. Enhanced workability and reduced shrinkage deformation were observed at high water-to-binder ratios, whereas superior mechanical properties were evident at low ratios. Microscopic analysis revealed that excessive DF content delays the hydration process, reducing the formation rate of hydration products such as Mg(OH)₂ and 5·1·7 phase, enhances the workability and inhibits the shrinkage deformation of MMOS cement-based materials but is not conducive to early-stage mechanical properties. In the later stages of hydration, residual MgO in MMOS cement forms a dense structure interconnected with 5·1·7 phase crystals, enhancing mechanical properties. The cement shows low levels of heavy metals and harmful substances, all below regulatory limits, while leaching concentrations of heavy metals in untreated raw materials exceed standard requirements. This research supports the environmentally safe treatment and resource utilization of secondary aluminum ash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140428"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on frost resistance improvement of foamed concrete used as subgrade filler","authors":"Huang Junjie ,&nbsp;Degou Cai ,&nbsp;Qian Su ,&nbsp;Hongxi Yao ,&nbsp;Rongwei Fan ,&nbsp;Yanfei Pei ,&nbsp;Zongyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Junhui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of various factors such as target density, glass fiber (GF), fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and their combinations on the frost resistance of foamed concrete used as a filler in railway and highway subgrades in seasonal frost regions. A freeze-thaw cycle test method was established, with temperatures ranging from -20°C to 20°C, each cycle lasting 24 h, and the test continuing until sample failure. Utilizing this test method, a series of freeze-thaw cycle tests were conducted to analyze the frost resistance of traditional foamed concrete with target densities of 400, 700 and 1000 kg/m³. Subsequent tests focused on improving the frost resistance of foamed concrete with a target density of 700 kg/m³, commonly used in subgrade upper layers, by incorporating GF, FA, and SF. The results indicate that while increasing the target density of foamed concrete can enhance its frost resistance, it also raises production costs. When using only one material for improvement of foamed concrete with a target density of 700 kg/m³, the optimal length and dosage of GF replacing cement are 6 mm and 0.8%, respectively, and the optimal dosages of FA and SF replacing cement are 20.0% and 2.0%, respectively. Among these materials, GF yields the most significant enhancement in frost resistance when used singly. Furthermore, when GF with the optimal length and dosage is used to replace cement, incorporating an extra 20% FA or 2% SF to replace cement can further enhance frost resistance. The most effective strategy for improving frost resistance involves replacing cement with a combination of 0.8% GF with length of 6 mm and 2.0% SF. This study results can provide a theoretical reference for the design of foamed concrete subgrade in seasonal frost regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140446"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of macro-cell corrosion in rebar within cracked concrete beams under sustained loading conditions in the simulated marine environment","authors":"Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Jinghong Ran ,&nbsp;Liang Fan ,&nbsp;Baoyin Sun ,&nbsp;Rongling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing research presents the relationship between rebar corrosion and concrete transverse cracks, yet there is no clear consensus on the combined effects of crack width and marine corrosion environments on macro-cell corrosion. In this experiment, two sets of reinforced concrete beam specimens, each with different compressive strengths, were fabricated and subjected to sustained loads to induce multiple transverse cracks and to maintain their widths. Electrochemical techniques were utilized to investigate both macro-cell and micro-cell corrosion of rebar in cracked concrete beams across various simulated marine environments. The test results indicate that for crack widths up to 0.3 mm, the micro-cell corrosion current density of rebar in the full immersion corrosion zone is higher than that in the water level fluctuation zone. However, when the crack width is reduced to below 0.2 mm, the micro-cell corrosion current density decreases significantly, showing minimal variation across different corrosion zones. In the full immersion corrosion zone, cracks in the reinforced concrete beams generally do not cause macro-cell corrosion of the rebar. In contrast, in the water level fluctuation zone, macro-cell corrosion occurs, with wider cracks leading to more severe macro-cell effects. The effective macro-cell current accounts for about 40 % of the total corrosion current for rebar acting as macro-anodes. However, the macro-cell effect gradually diminishes as the cracks undergo self-healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on corrosion resistance of the steel spring floating slab using rubber concrete under stray current","authors":"Peng Gui ,&nbsp;Hao Jin ,&nbsp;Shuo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel spring floating slab is a mass-spring vibration isolation system as a vibration reduction measure widely used in metro. Steel spring vibration isolator is a vibration isolation component with a certain stiffness, which relies on its own elasticity to absorb vibration energy. Stray current will accelerate the corrosion of steel spring vibration isolators and thus affect the overall vibration reduction effect of the steel spring floating slab. Adding an appropriate amount of rubber particles to concrete can improve its corrosion resistance. In this paper, a refined three-dimensional numerical model of floating slab for calculating steel springs corrosion is established, and its rationality is verified through a model test involving track structures and rubber concrete specimens. The results show that: (1) Only the steel spring near the current output end will have a linear change in potential, and local electrochemical corrosion will occur at its bottom. (2) Adding rubber can significantly reduce the potential and corrosion current density of the steel spring. When the rubber content increases from 2.5 % to 20 %, the potential and corrosion current density of the steel spring near the current output end are reduced by about 9–30 %. (3) The potential and corrosion current density of the steel spring near the current output end in the current \"double-sided input and single-sided output\" mode are higher than those in the current \"single-sided input and single-sided output\" mode, but the reduction rate of its potential and corrosion current density under various rubber contents is lower than the latter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140462"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of equilibrium and convergence in MD simulations of asphalt system","authors":"Shinan Liu ,&nbsp;Houzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almost all molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of asphalt molecular systems use the equilibrium of density and energy as the sole evidence of system equilibrium, but few have deeply investigated this issue. Additionally, quantum chemistry methods have been widely used to explore reaction mechanisms, but few studies have employed quantum chemistry methods to deeply interpret MD mechanisms. Here, we thoroughly analyzed the trajectories of several different systems to explore the effects of temperature, aging, and rejuvenation on the equilibrium and convergence properties of asphalt systems. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we detailed how these factors influence the convergence of asphalt systems. The results indicate that using such rapidly converging indicators to signify equilibrium is insufficient to fully demonstrate the system's equilibrium (as will be shown in this study) interactions between asphaltenes are the fundamental reason affecting the convergence of RDF curves and also play a crucial role in the equilibrium and convergence of the asphalt system. The asphalt system can only be considered truly balanced when the asphaltene-asphaltene RDF curve has converged. Asphalt asphalt RDF curve converges much slower than resin, aromatics, and saturates. Aging significantly slows down the convergence of the asphaltene asphaltene RDF curve. Additionally, DFT calculation results indicate that this reduction in interaction energy accelerates the convergence of the asphaltene-asphaltene RDF curves. The MD simulation's convergence is accelerated by raising the temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different fine aggregates as sand replacements on the carbonation properties of recycled aggregate concrete","authors":"Kaijian Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Ziying Li,&nbsp;Qingtian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the effects of river sand, sea-sand, recycled sand, and shell sand on the carbonation performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were studied. The results showed that the carbonation depth of RAC prepared from sea-sand was 89.8–96.8 %, 83.8–93.4 %, and 70.5–84.8 % of that prepared from recycled sand, shell sand, and river sand, respectively. The compressive strength of RAC made from sea-sand was the highest, followed by RAC made from river sand, shell sand, and recycled sand. The chloride ions in the sea-sand promoted the formation of Friedel’s salt and C-S-H with a high Ca/Si ratio, increasing the density of the concrete, thereby blocking the CO₂ diffusion channel and reducing the carbonation rate. On the other hand, the weak strength and bond of shell sand, and the weak interfacial transition zone of recycled sand resulted in weak concrete microstructure. In this paper, after 90 days of carbonation, the increment of CaCO₃ for preparing RAC from sea-sand was 95.1 %, 67.7 %, and 37.7 % of that of river sand, shell sand, and recycled sand, respectively. The RAC made of shell sand or recycled sand had a porous microstructure, which provided sufficient growth space for CaCO₃, and its total porosity was significantly reduced after carbonation. Finally, a prediction model of RAC’s carbonation depth was proposed, which was highly consistent with the experimental results. The mean error of the model was close to 1.0 and the COV was 0.169.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance improvement of magnesium oxychloride cement through in situ polymerization regulated by crosslinker structure","authors":"Wenguang Zhou,&nbsp;Mingyang Bai,&nbsp;Xingong Li,&nbsp;Yiqiang Wu,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of contemporary magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) is often limited by the challenge of balancing water resistance with mechanical properties. This study investigates an approach to mitigate this trade-off through the in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) monomer within MOC composites, facilitated by the crosslinkers N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) or Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (EDA). In this system, a polymer layer is formed, creating a highly entangled network that strengthens interfacial bonding between hydration products and polymers, reduces porosity, refines the pore size distribution, and enhances the compactness of the MOC matrix. The findings indicate that in situ polymerization MOC with 0.2 % MBA significantly outperformed pure MOC, exhibiting increased 28-d compressive strength (68.84 MPa vs. 61.40 MPa) and softening coefficient (0.83 vs. 0.18). Moreover, the prolonged setting time of MOC enhanced its workability during construction. This study provides a viable strategy for the development of high-performance MOC-based cements and highlights the importance of in situ polymerization in the fabrication of advanced cement composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140465"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of waste metallic powder as fine aggregate replacement in Roller compacted concrete: Impact on physical and mechanical properties","authors":"Furkan Abdurrahman Sarı ,&nbsp;İrfan Ş. Öztürk ,&nbsp;Tahir Gönen ,&nbsp;Mehmet Emiroğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid advances in technology and industry, coupled with the increase in human population, generate large amounts of waste materials, and the storage or disposal of these large quantities of waste materials poses both an environmental threat and a significant economic cost. Characterized by a low cement content, a high proportion of aggregates, and a zero slump, Roller compacted concrete is especially popular in pavement construction due to its cost-effectiveness, durability, and ability to withstand high traffic loads. In order to meet the aggregate demand, in roller compacted concretes, require high volume aggregate in their mixtures, which has reached high levels due to the rapid growth and development of the construction industry worldwide, the partial or complete substitution of waste materials for aggregate is an effective, economical and sustainable method to reduce the potential environmental damages and hazards that may arise from both waste materials and the depletion of natural aggregate resources. In this context, in this study, a large amount of waste metallic powder released after the sandblasting process in iron and steel production was partially substituted for fine aggregate in different proportions (0 %, 0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.1 % and 2 %) in the production of roller compacted concrete. Various experiments [Density, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound hammer test, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, capillary water absorption, static modulus of elasticity, etc] were then performed on the produced roller compacted concrete specimens to comprehensively investigate the effect of waste metallic powder on the physical and mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete. As a result of the experiments, the substitution of waste metallic powder increased the rebound hammer values, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and static modulus of elasticity compared to the reference specimen. Using waste metallic powder in the mixtures significantly decreased the workability and compressive strength. In addition, the substitution of waste metallic powder increased the water absorption, porosity and capillary water absorption values compared to the reference specimen. The significant increase in flexural strength, an important design parameter especially in road pavements subjected to repetitive loads, indicates that waste metallic powder can be used in roller compacted concrete. However, this study highlights the importance of optimizing waste metallic powder and shows that substituting waste metallic powder for aggregate can contribute to a more sustainable RCC production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140386"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties and sustainability assessment of UHPFRC incorporating recycled tyre steel and polymer fibers as substitutes for manufactured fibers","authors":"Jun Shi ,&nbsp;Jiyang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims at achieving eco-efficient ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) by substituting manufactured copper-plated steel fiber (CPSF) with recycled tyre steel fiber (RTSF), and polypropylene fiber (PPF) with recycled tyre polymer fiber (RTPF). A total of sixteen UHPFRC mixes with varying substitution rates from 0 % to 75 % were examined regarding their workability, compressive strength, flexural performance, and dry shrinkage, so as to explore their development characteristics and reinforcement mechanisms. The incorporation of RTSF and RTPF led to a decrease in workability and compressive strength, which can be attributed to the shape, surface characteristics, size, length, and residual rubber of RTSF and RTPF. When the substitution rates of RTSF and RTPF exceeded 50 %, the compressive strength exhibited a significant reduction falling below 120 MPa. The experimental investigation of flexural performance demonstrated that the bridging ability of RTSF delayed the bending fracture process and peak load, as well as improved toughening, while RTPF weakened the effects to a certain extent. Besides, a substitution rate of less than 75 % effectively mitigated dry shrinkage, while the substitution of RTPF exacerbated this phenomenon. Finally, the carbon emission performance index, cost performance index, and desirability function were introduced to assess the environmental and economic benefits, and optimal fiber substitution ratios were identified as 50 %RTSF for single-type fiber substitution and a combination of 50 % RTSF and 25 % RTPF for dual-type fiber substitution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 140440"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}