Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the effect of pre-water-saturated pottery sand on the microstructure and water resistance of the slag-blended MgO-SiO2-K2HPO4 system","authors":"Pengpeng Yao,&nbsp;Xujian Lin,&nbsp;Yuzhong Wu,&nbsp;Tao ji,&nbsp;Yongning Liang,&nbsp;Hongru Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor water resistance has long limited the widespread application of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). This study utilized the high-alkaline of the MgO-SiO₂-K₂HPO₄ system to activate slag and incorporated pre-water-saturated pottery sand to prepare a water-resistant magnesium-based cement (SP-MSPC). The research primarily examined the effect of pottery sand on the water resistance and microstructure of SP-MSPC with different slag substitution rates. The results indicated that an increase in pottery sand content prolonged the setting time and reduced the fluidity of the paste. The incorporation of higher amounts of pottery sand decreased the mechanical properties of the matrix, but the addition of pottery sand effectively promoted paste hydration, particularly slag hydration, significantly enhancing the water resistance of the matrix. The water resistance coefficient of the S20-P6 matrix at 56 days was 72.42 %, a 61.86 % increase compared to the control group S0-P0. This can be attributed to the internal curing effect of the pottery sand, which promotes paste hydration and the continuous formation of K-struvite crystals and the water-resistant M-S-H and C-(A)-S-H gels. The crystal and gel phases were bonded to each other and work synergistically with the dense filling effect of ultrafine slag particles, effectively filling the matrix pores and microcracks, blocking moisture transport channels, slowing the penetration of external moisture, and reducing the dissolution of K-struvite crystals and other hydration products aqueous environments. The incorporation of pottery sand promoted slag hydration enhanced the average polymerization degree of the C-(A)-S-H gel, and reduced the volume of macropores within the matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting interfacial bond strength in FRP-reinforced concrete using soft computing techniques","authors":"Khalid Saqer Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Fadi Almohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofits have become widely used to strengthen concrete and masonry structures because of their properties including lightweight, high strength, high elastic modulus, and corrosion resistance. However, debonding failure at the FRP-substrate interface remains a challenge that undermines the effectiveness of these systems. To advance predictive modeling of interfacial bond strength (IBS), this study aims to develop machine learning (ML) approaches using a comprehensive database of experimental shear pull-out test results. The collected database consists of 855 samples encompassing a wide range of parameters, including: concrete substrate width (100–500 mm), concrete compressive strength (16–74.67 MPa), FRP material Young's modulus (23.9–425 GPa), FRP thickness (0.083–2 mm), FRP width (10–150 mm), and bonded FRP length (20–400 mm). The interfacial pull-out forces ranged from 2.4 kN to 54.79 kN. The dataset was divided into 571 training samples and 284 testing samples. Various ML algorithms, including Random Forest, Random Tree, Stochastic-Random Forest, Stochastic-Random Tree, Bagging-Random Forest, and Bagging-Random Tree, are evaluated and compared based on their performance. The stochastic-random forest technique demonstrates the highest accuracy with correlation coefficients of 0.9949 and 0.9779 for the training and testing datasets, respectively. It also achieves the lowest mean absolute error of 0.41 and 1.45, and the lowest root mean squared error of 1.07 and 2.10 for the training and testing datasets, respectively. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values are 0.99 and 0.96 for the training and testing datasets, and the comparative measure gives a value of 2.22. This research provides an optimized ML framework for reliably forecasting FRP-substrate bond strength to support the design of strengthened structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140827"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on properties and hydration mechanism of green alkali-activation lithium slag composite cementitious materials","authors":"Xuefeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiashun Liu ,&nbsp;Kaixin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zheng ,&nbsp;Yining Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium is widely used in smart electronic devices and new energy vehicles owing to its low density and high chemical activity. Lithium slag (LS) is a byproduct of the smelting of lithium from lithium pyroxene or lithium mica. The effective treatment of LS is crucial for ecosystem protection. In this study, a method is developed to prepare green alkali-activated LS composite cementitious backfill materials (ALSCs) using calcium carbide slag (CCS). The effects of the CCS content, LS content, and water-cement ratio on the rheological behavior and mechanical properties of the ALSCs are analyzed. The mineral composition, bonding structure, micromorphology, and pore structure characteristics of ALSCs were clarified using acoustic emission monitoring (AE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. The results indicate that the optimal LS and CCS contents are 12 % and 10 %, respectively. The ALSCs exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with their compressive strength and fluidity reaching 17.64 MPa and 243 mm, respectively. The cumulative acoustic emission (AE) energy increased with the compressive strength. The clustering of the cumulative energy curves became more significant and exhibited a stepped-up tendency. The primary hydration products were C-A-H, C-S-H, and C-A-S-H. The synergistic hydration coupling of the solid waste improved the densification of the hydration products and refined the pore structure and late strength. Thus, ALSCs can replace cement as a cementitious material for downhole filling to thereby reducing filling costs and promote the utilization of solid waste resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140966"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylate lotion and PVA fiber reinforced cement-based abrasion strength repair material","authors":"Fuyun Su ,&nbsp;Tingshu He ,&nbsp;Qihao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Ma ,&nbsp;Tao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic concrete damaged by long-term scouring and grinding in high-speed sand flow, but the abrasion strength repair material based on cement modified by acrylate lotion and PVA fiber is little researched. To further explore the influence of its modification on the performance of cement-based abrasion strength repair material, the strengthening effect of acrylate lotion and PVA fiber on mechanical properties, pore structure and fracture toughness was focused. The research showed that when the lotion was modified alone, the flexural and compressive strength increased first and then decreased with the dosage, the abrasion strength strength increased by 33.3 % and the splitting tensile strength increased by 67.6 %; When PVA was modified alone, the flexural and compressive strength, abrasion strength and splitting tensile strength increased with the increase of dosage, and the maximum increased by 65.6 % and 163.0 % respectively. The composite modification effect was the best, and the abrasion strength was increased by 142.7 %, and the effect was the best when 0.5 wt% lotion was mixed with 1.0 wt% PVA. The splitting tensile strength, compression ratio and abrasion strength have the highest correlation. An appropriate amount of lotion refined the pore size, while an excessive amount increased the pore size; PVA significantly improved the abrasion strength, while the composite modification optimizes the pore size distribution, reduced the most probable pore size, and increased the pore tortuosity and fractal dimension. The synergistic effect of lotion, PVA and mortar has formed a \"three network interconnection\" system of \"toughness strengthening+flexible buffer+rigid support\", which has improved the performance of cement-based materials, and significantly improved the fracture toughness and abrasion strength. Which was suitable for the construction, maintenance and reinforcement of hydraulic concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140970"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of water-based silane/siloxane treated coal char brick subjected to weatherometer exposure","authors":"Hua Yu ,&nbsp;Sahul Kharel ,&nbsp;Chooi Kim Lau ,&nbsp;Kam Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal char-based bricks have recently gained attention for their innovative use of coal-derived materials, along with their high compressive strength and lightweight properties. Ensuring their durability in outdoor applications requires evaluating their resistance to environmental factors such as sunlight, moisture, and temperature fluctuations over time. The weatherometer test, an accelerated aging method, is commonly used for this purpose. However, currently, there is a lack of research on the effect of weatherometer exposure on the properties of char bricks. This study evaluates char bricks at various intervals of weatherometer exposure, analyzing changes in their physical, mechanical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties. To improve the water repellency of char brick, a silane/siloxane concrete sealer is applied. The effect of different treatment methods (i.e., untreated, spray-treated, and vacuum-treated) on char bricks subjected to weatherometer exposure is also investigated. It is found that after 3750 h of weatherometer exposure, all char bricks with relatively sharp edges and smooth surfaces exhibit high compressive strength (39.4–46.9 MPa), significantly exceeding the ASTM standard C62 Grade SW brick (20.7 MPa). All treated char bricks retain hydrophobicity up to 3000 h of weatherometer exposure but become hydrophilic at 3750 h. Although surface cracks and efflorescence appear in vacuum-treated bricks, they show higher water contact angles at the same exposure time interval, compared to spray-treated bricks. This study would provide practical insights for engineering applications of char bricks, especially in regions with extreme or fluctuating weather conditions, where the durability of building material is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture behavior of MgO-Al2O3-CaO-based porous ceramics prepared with carbon black as pore-forming agent","authors":"Liyuan Gui ,&nbsp;Nanyan Hu ,&nbsp;Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Guangquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yicheng Ye ,&nbsp;Rongbin Tang ,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous thermal insulation ceramics are widely used as the lining of high-temperature furnaces to reduce heat loss, subjecting to the large compressive stresses during the service. A thorough understanding of the fracture behavior of porous ceramic was necessary to ensure the safe operation of the furnace. In this work, the MgO-Al₂O₃-CaO-based porous ceramics (MACPC) with varied porosity were prepared using carbon black as pore-forming agent. Acoustic emission(AE) and digital image correlation techniques(DIC) were employed to investigate the fracture behavior of MACPC under axial compressive loading. The results indicated that the addition of 5 wt% carbon black promoted the formation of uniformly distributed micropores, resulting in a porosity of 62.7 %, with minimal fractal dimension and pore size. However, excessive carbon black content (5–20 wt%) degraded the internal skeleton structure and mechanical properties of MACPC. The combination of AE and DIC technologies revealed that MACPC experienced five stages, including crack nucleation followed by stable development, crack coalescence leading to unstable growth, and ultimately the formation of macroscopic cracks. This progression was characteristic of typical tensile failure. The content of added carbon black had a significant impact on the thresholds for microcrack formation and coalescence, the number of microcracks, and the ratio of large cracks to tensile cracks during compression. As the carbon black content increased, the failure mode of MACPC transitioned from a large crack propagating parallel to the compressive stress that spanned across the specimen to a progressive damage fracture mode characterized by continuous fragmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141059"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and activation of graphite mine tailings for use in cementitious binders","authors":"Surya Maruthupandian,&nbsp;Napoleana Anna Chaliasou,&nbsp;Sufyan Akram,&nbsp;Andreas Chrysanthou,&nbsp;Antonios Kanellopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use and production of Portland cement, amounting to 4.10 billion tonnes annually, poses challenges in acquiring quality raw materials. Also, the demands associated with the global development had led to intensified mining and production of significant quantity of mineral wastes including mine tailing. The quantity of disposed mine tailing is about 217 km³ at present with a predicted annual addition of 12.30 km³ to this volume. This poses major environmental, economic, social, and legal concerns. The Construction and Building materials research under Horizon 2020 program of Europe 2020 strategy promotes the materials for energy efficiency including materials with low embodied energy and materials capable of reusing a high waste content. Use of mine tailings, with a chemical and oxide composition similar to supplementary cementitious materials, in cementitious binders emerges as a potential solution to the above-mentioned problems. However, documented challenges, such as crystallinity, variations physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics, acid mine drainage, and heavy metal leaching, hinder its immediate use as a cement precursor. This study focuses on developing a suitable treatment for a siliceous mine tailing from graphite mining for its use as a binder precursor. In this study, mineralogical and activation data are presented with respect to graphite tailings. Mechanical and thermal activation protocols were developed, and the processed tailings were assessed in terms of their physico-chemical properties. The mine tailing exhibited high SiO₂ composition 58.5 % and was predominantly crystalline. The XRD analysis indicated the possibility of activation by milling and calcination. The characteristics and reactivity of activated samples indicated that the samples calcined at 850 °C exhibited higher heat of hydration in R3 tests and samples milled for 90 min exhibited higher solubility in alkaline environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140923"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations on the influence of the short-term load history on the creep behaviour of normal concrete","authors":"Christopher Taube,&nbsp;Alexander Flohr,&nbsp;Guido Morgenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of slender, material-efficient, and durable reinforced concrete structures, the time-dependent material behaviour of concrete presents a significant challenge for engineers in both academia and practical construction. The stress-dependent creep deformations are particularly noteworthy, often significantly exceeding the elastic response of the structure and introducing risks of inaccurate predictions due to substantial material uncertainties. These can compromise the usability or safety of load-bearing structures. Besides material technology and climatic factors, creep is primarily influenced by the load history. However, this factor is neither sufficiently understood nor has it been actively exploited to control the creep tendency of concretes and its variability. This article examines the influence of controlled preloads on the creep behaviour of concrete within an experimental test program. The study is based on the hypothesis that applying mechanical stresses, particularly during the early concrete age, can compact and homogenise the material’s microstructure, thereby positively influencing its time-dependent deformation behaviour. Concrete test specimens are subjected to short-term stresses corresponding to 30% and 60% of their compressive strength at an age of 7 days, followed by a stress-free hardening phase. In subsequent 100-day creep tests under sustained loads equivalent to 15% of the 28-day compressive strength, the preloaded specimens exhibit up to 20% lower creep coefficients, reduced variability between specimens, and enhanced viscoelastic properties compared to unloaded reference specimens. The reduction in creep tendency is found to increase with the intensity of the applied preload. Concurrent short-term tests reveal that preloading does not significantly affect the concrete’s strength or Young’s modulus.</div><div>Based on the experimental creep data, a first attempt is made to consider the influence of early age preloading on the creep behaviour with a prediction model based on the analytical creep function approach according to EN 1992-1-1 and preload-dependent model coefficients. The results are promising, but not conclusive due to the limited experimental data and the fact that the correlation with other creep-influencing factors has not yet been investigated. Nonetheless, the investigations help to better understand the influence of the load history on the creep behaviour of concretes and underscore the potential for controlling the creep tendency through tailored mechanical loading, offering new avenues for further scientific exploration in experimental and modelling studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140916"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance analysis of ultra-high performance concrete using fully recycled molybdenum tailings waste","authors":"Yachao Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhuge ,&nbsp;Yao Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the issue of carbon emissions and economic costs arising from the high usage of cementitious materials and quartz sand in the production of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). A low-carbon preparation method is proposed by synergistically replacing cementitious materials and fine aggregates with molybdenum tailings waste (MTW). Utilizing the modified Andreasen-Andersen (MAA) model to optimize particle gradation design and incorporating an engineering-applicable high-temperature steam-standard composite curing system, the effects of molybdenum tailings powder (MTP), obtained by mechanical grinding, and molybdenum tailings sand (MTS), obtained by sieving reorganization, on the performance of UHPC are systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the appropriate incorporation of MTS and MTP improves the workability and mechanical properties of UHPC while significantly reducing shrinkage and heavy metal leaching. The gradation compensation effect of MTS notably enhances the flowability and packing density of the paste, while MTP increases compressive strength by promoting C-S-H gel formation at lower replacement rates. Microscopic characterization reveals that appropriate use of MTW can improve the pore structure, interface transition zone (ITZ), and carbonation resistance. The optimal mix ratio is P₁₅S₄₀ group, which achieves a compressive strength of 136.62 MPa and a shrinkage value reduced by 25.6 %. Life cycle assessment shows that this system can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depletion potential, energy consumption, and costs. The study confirms that the gradient utilization of MTW enables the synergistic optimization of UHPC mechanical performance and environmental benefits, providing theoretical support for solid waste resource utilization and the development of green building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140981"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UCST polymer modified full-dimensional water-repellent cementitious materials with enhanced durability","authors":"Xue Li ,&nbsp;Ting Zheng ,&nbsp;Changyi Tang ,&nbsp;Jinyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yingzi Gu ,&nbsp;Guoxing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water penetration through freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles can significantly deteriorate the performance and even lead to the failure of concrete constructions. In response, hydrophobic cement-based materials have recently emerged as an innovative solution to improve resistance to environmental erosion during service. Despite their potential, challenges such as poor dispersion, incomplete hydrophobic coverage and suboptimal mechanical properties remain. To address these issues, an Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) polymer was innovatively incorporated to create a full-dimensional water-repellent material with enhanced dispersion, improved mechanical properties, and increased F-T resistance. Further research is also focusing on assessing the compatibility of the UCST polymer with both cationic and anionic air-entraining surfactants. The performances and durability of material were assessed using a universal machine, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and F-T testing equipment. The results demonstrated a 20 % increase in compressive strength, an 80 % improvement in flexural strength, and a notable enhancement in durability, with the modified materials enduring 120 % more F-T cycles compared to the control groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140861"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}