Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"An experimental and numerical investigation of influencing factors of gravel vibratory compaction","authors":"Zhenxing Liu ,&nbsp;Chengzhou Fan ,&nbsp;Yintong Min ,&nbsp;Chun Liu ,&nbsp;Shiguo Li ,&nbsp;Yanxia Li ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibration compaction is an effective method for improving sand foundations. To investigate the influence of vibration parameters and gravel gradation on vibratory compaction, a series of vibratory compaction tests with different vibration parameters and gravel gradations were carried out. A three-dimensional vibratory compaction simulator based on the discrete element software MatDEM was established. The effects of vibration frequency, nominal amplitude, and friction coefficient on final porosity were investigated. The results indicate that the vibration compaction effect is mainly determined by static pressure and excitation force, with the excitation force being the primary factor. The wider the gradation of the specimen, the lower the porosity. The lowest porosity is achieved at the vibration frequencies between 20 and 30 Hz, close to the resonance frequency. The porosity decreases with increasing amplitude in the range of 0.6–2 mm, associated with an increase in the compaction work. The vibration compaction effect is influenced by both friction coefficient and static pressure. When the friction coefficient is low, the porosity decreases with increasing static pressure. However, when the friction coefficient is great, a high static pressure produces large friction forces between particles, resulting in a greater porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and performance evaluation of asphalt mastics modified with recycled concrete powder","authors":"Huixia Li ,&nbsp;Yan Liang ,&nbsp;Yanke Yang ,&nbsp;Yunjie Xia ,&nbsp;Xiangbing Xie ,&nbsp;Zhengtao He","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the feasibility of using recycled concrete powder (RCP) as an alternative to limestone powder (LP) in asphalt mastic fillers, addressing construction waste management challenges while promoting sustainable development of asphalt pavements. Through multidimensional research incorporating microscopic characterization, performance evaluation, and mechanism analysis, the study systematically examined the effects of RCP on asphalt mastic properties. Results showed that RCP exhibited rough surface texture and high specific surface area, while its elevated MgO content enhanced the asphalt-filler interfacial interaction. The incorporation of RCP improved the high-temperature stability and deformation resistance of asphalt mastic, although performance declined when the replacement ratio exceeded 75 %. Rheological tests and fatigue analysis revealed that RCP50 and RCP75 blends demonstrated optimal comprehensive performance. Grey relational analysis identified correlations between filler characteristics and mastic properties, showing that J_nr(diff) values were significantly associated with MgO content and RCP dosage. Multi-criteria evaluation based on the entropy method suggested an optimal RCP replacement ratio of 50–75 %. This study provides new insights and theoretical foundation for the utilization of construction waste and enhancement of asphalt pavement performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CeO2 doping on the sintering properties and molten slag corrosion resistance of MgO-MgAl2O4 refractory materials","authors":"Wenyu Zan,&nbsp;Beiyue Ma,&nbsp;Jianhuai Tang,&nbsp;Jialong Tian,&nbsp;Ruiqi Cao,&nbsp;Zhangyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline slag plays a crucial role in the vacuum refining process, making it essential to study the wetting and penetration mechanisms between refractory materials and slag. This study investigates the effect of CeO₂ doping on the sintering behavior of MgO-MgAl₂O₄ refractories and their resistance to alkaline slag corrosion in a simulated vacuum induction furnace. The results show that CeO₂ doping (0–3 wt%) slightly increases the lattice parameters and interplanar spacing of MgAl₂O₄ and MgO, leading to lattice expansion, higher lattice defect concentration, and enhanced sintering. The bulk density increased from 2.85 g·cm⁻³ to 3.25 g·cm⁻³, apparent porosity decreased from 18.25 % to 15.66 %, compressive strength rose from 166.24 MPa to 184.97 MPa, and the residual strength ratio after thermal shock improved from 87.60 % to 90.48 %. Regarding the slag-refractory interface, CeO₂ doping increased the interfacial free energy between slag and refractory at the wetting temperature range of 1380–1450 °C. The spreading coefficient of molten slag gradually decreased, and the equilibrium contact angle and residual slag volume increased. At high temperatures, chemical reactions at the interface formed low-melting-point (CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂) liquid phases and high-melting-point phases (such as 2CaO·SiO₂ and 2MgO·SiO₂). The low-melting-point phases promoted slag penetration, while the high-melting-point phases hindered it. CeO₂ doping facilitated the formation of sintering necks between MgAl₂O₄ and MgO grains, both on the surface and inside the refractory, inhibiting further slag penetration. The corrosion depth at the interface decreased from 102.63 μm to 51.18 μm, significantly improving the alkaline slag corrosion resistance of MgO-MgAl₂O₄ refractory materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141079"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on damage quantitative evaluation of laminated bamboo lumber under realistic fire exposure","authors":"Yongwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hengwei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaopin Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Wan ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Ou ,&nbsp;Weibin Ni ,&nbsp;Keqian Ji ,&nbsp;Zhijian Zou ,&nbsp;Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a green and low-carbon building material, bamboo meets the sustainable development needs of the construction industry. However, there is still limited research on the fire resistance of bamboo, especially under realistic fire exposure. In this paper, the fire behavior of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) under two types of realistic fires, the EN 1991–1–2 parametric fires and travelling fires, exposures was investigated, and the relationship between the energy equivalence of imported the LBL specimens and their fire damage equivalence under two types of realistic and standard fires was examined. The results show that if the energy transmitted into the LBL specimens is equivalent, the damage degree of the specimens is also equivalent, thus confirming the validity of the energy equivalence method (EEM) for the LBL, and realizing the transformation of the fire damage evaluation of realistic fires to the one of standard fires. On this basis, the fire performance of the LBL under standard fire was analyzed, and the values of charring rate and charring line temperature of the LBL were determined. Further, the temperature distribution model of pyrolysis region was established, and the calculation model of zero-strength layer (ZSL) thickness considering the fire exposure time, charring rate, fire condition and force condition was proposed. In this way, the quantitative assessment of the LBL damage using the effective cross-section method (ECSM) was realized, and the ECSM was effectively applied in the fire-resistant design of bamboo structures. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the fire-resistant design of bamboo structures, which can help to improve the fire safety of bamboo structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of microbial foaming agent in gel foam to prevent coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Jin-Di Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Ming Hu ,&nbsp;Wei-Min Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan-Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Yue Feng ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wen-Qi Shao ,&nbsp;Zhi-Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng-Shuai Sun ,&nbsp;Qian-Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problem that coal in goaf is prone to spontaneous combustion when contacting with oxygen, a new type of gel foam based on microbial foaming agent was proposed. The effect of glutamic acid (GLU) on microbial foaming performance was studied through foaming height, half-life, and dynamic evolution of bubbles. The results showed that GLU could improve the foaming performance of microorganisms, and the stability of foam increased with the increase of GLU concentration. When the GLU concentration was 20 g/L, the half-life of foam reached the maximum of 4.01 h. The mechanism of microbial foaming was explored using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). It was found that the microorganism surfaces showed negative charges and were able to produce various small molecules and peptides during growth, generating more hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to promote the foaming of microbial solutions. Besides, GLU could also promote the generation of metabolites, which was beneficial for foaming. At the same time, the prepared microbial gel foam could also delay the generation of CO, promote the release of CO₂, and show good flame retardancy. The new microbial gel foam can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141097"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precalcination-modified lead-zinc tailings for supersulfated cement production: Insights into phase assemblages, microstructure, and mechanical properties","authors":"Zhongtao Luo ,&nbsp;Mengxiao Ge ,&nbsp;Jiahui Ou ,&nbsp;Xiaohai Liu ,&nbsp;Yuandong Mu ,&nbsp;Wensheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Ye ,&nbsp;Maoliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingkang Gao ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Xinhong Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead-zinc tailings (LZTs), a byproduct of lead-zinc ore beneficiation, present significant environmental challenges due to their large volume and heavy metal content. This study investigated the potential of LZTs as an activator for granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in the preparation of supersulfated cement (SSC) through precalcination at varying temperatures. The effects of precalcination on the composition and structural characteristics of LZTs were analyzed using XRD, TGA, and SEM. The hydration behavior and microstructure of the resulting SSC were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, and MIP. The results indicated that precalcination of LZTs transformed pyrite and dolomite into Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, and CaSO₄, with maximum CaSO₄ levels achieved at 800 ℃. The resulting CaSO₄ and basic oxides served as sulfate and alkaline activators for SSC. Compressive strength tests demonstrated that GBFS was effectively activated by LZTs precalcined at temperatures between 500 and 1000 ℃ for 1 hour. SSC paste samples with a precalcined-LZTs/GBFS ratio of 2:8 achieved optimal strength exceeding 25 MPa after 90 d. The primary hydration products were AFt and C-S-H gel, which interwove to densify the microstructure of the hardened slurry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141076"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and performance investigation of surface modification synergistic warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt","authors":"Mengkai Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi He ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Duoxuan Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Fang ,&nbsp;Dingbang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of warm mix flame retardant on the road performance of asphalt is the main problem in the practical application of warm mix flame retardant. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively consider the physical performance and flame retardant performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt, and to weaken the influence of warm mix flame retardant on asphalt pavement performance by multi-objective optimization of warm mix flame retardant formula. In this research, the single factor test was firstly carried out on the flame retardant asphalt with different flame retardant content to preliminarily determine the flame retardant content. Secondly, different synergistic flame retardant formulations were designed by orthogonal test, and their physical performance and flame retardant performance were evaluated. Then, the multi-objective optimization of different synergistic flame retardants was carried out by combining fuzzy mathematics and entropy weight method, and the best formula was determined. After that, the optimum dosage of warm mix agent was determined by surface activity test and variable temperature compaction test. Finally, the basic physical performance, flame retardancy, rheological performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt and the road performance of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt mixture were evaluated to explore the influence of warm mix flame retardant on asphalt performance. The results illustrated that the best formula of synergistic flame retardant in warm mix flame retardant was TiO₂-SO₄: ATH: APP = 2: 3: 5, and the best dosage of warm mix agent was 30 % of the mass of flame retardant (CFR). Compared with the synergistic flame retardant (SFR), the influence of surface modified warm mix flame retardant (MSFR) on the deterioration of low temperature performance of SBS modified asphalt and asphalt mixture was improved. At the same time, CFR, SFR and MSFR all improved the high temperature performance of SBS asphalt and asphalt mixture. In addition, the improvement of MSFR on the static and dynamic flame retardancy of SBS modified asphalt was better than that of CFR and SFR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141021"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of time-dependent rheology for improved quality control of 3D printed cementitious structures","authors":"Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Qingxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Abir Al-Tabbaa,&nbsp;Ronan Daly","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing of cementitious materials is gaining momentum as a method of construction across length scales, from patterned coatings to full-scale structures. The technology also enables cutting-edge research in hierarchical architectures and in carbon storage applications. Cement-based material printing faces challenges because colloidal flocculation and hydration reactions transition the material from a printable fluid to a solid over time. This drives continuous changes in material printability and can lead to unpredictable macroscopic properties. It is therefore critical to give manufacturers quality control metrics that will link their cement-based formulations to the macroscopic properties of the final printed products. Here, we report a first step to progress this with a small-scale cement paste extrusion printing study. We examine the cement paste rheological properties that link closely to flows experienced during printing, quantify the changes over time and show how these influence changes in extrusion pressure and filament cross-sectional morphology. We then use numerical simulations to help understand these experimentally observed changes. We observe a time when both the cement paste’s static yield stress and the extrusion pressure suddenly increase, coinciding with a change in filament morphology. Importantly, this change in printing behaviour occurs at approximately half the Open Time, the conventionally defined metric for printability and we observe a 29 % reduction in the interlayer contact area between filaments, which can increase macroporosity and drive down load-bearing capacity. This allows us to define ‘print quality assurance time’, a metric that takes into account the dynamic nature of cementitious materials to ensure predictable mesostructures and in turn controlled macroscopic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140873"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of USAT aging and UV aging on the low-temperature performance of asphalt","authors":"Jiawei Huang ,&nbsp;Weian Xuan ,&nbsp;Xuanzhi Li ,&nbsp;Haibo Ding ,&nbsp;Wenqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to explore the low-temperature performance of asphalt in different aging modes, an Universal Simple Aging Test (USAT) was used to replace the conventional RTFO and PAV tests, and the rheological parameters obtained by 4 mm DSR test and the chemical functional group index obtained by infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the asphalt samples after ultraviolet aging and long-term aging. The research findings indicate that after ultraviolet aging, the increments in the complex modulus and the decrements in the phase angle of rubber asphalt are both smaller than those after long-term aging. Moreover, the increments in the complex modulus and the decrements in the phase angle of the base asphalt after long-term aging are both greater than those of rubber asphalt. After long-term aging, the Tg of the base asphalt increased by 4.1 %, and that of the rubber asphalt increased by 2.4 %; after ultraviolet aging, the Tg of the rubber asphalt increased by 0.86 %. The temperature sensitivity near Tg is ranked as QP-USAT &gt; QP + 8 % X-USAT &gt; QP + 8 % X-UV &gt; QP &gt; QP + 8 % X-UV1 &gt; QP + 8 % X. Analysis of the infrared spectral characteristic functional groups revealed that after long-term aging, the increase in I_C_<img>O and I_S_<img>O of the base asphalt was greater than that of the rubber asphalt; for the rubber asphalt, the increase in I_C_<img>O and I_S_<img>O after ultraviolet aging was less than that after long-term aging. In terms of the influence of aging methods on the low-temperature performance of asphalt, long-term aging is greater than UV aging. In terms of the anti-aging ability of asphalt, rubber asphalt is superior to base asphalt. The analysis of removing the surface layer of UV-aged asphalt shows that the rheological indicators and characteristic functional group indices of sample QP + 8 %X and sample QP + 8 %X1 are approximately the same. As the thickness of the removed asphalt is less than 1 mm, therefore, it is concluded that the influence depth of UV aging on rubber asphalt is less than 1 mm. The correlation analysis of the characteristic functional group indices (I_C_<img>O, I_S_<img>O) and low-temperature performance indicators (G*, m, Eg) of asphalt show that the correlation degree ranking of characteristic functional group indices with G*, m, and Eg is: I_S_<img>O &gt; I_C_<img>O. The research results reveal the changes in low-temperature rheological properties and chemical composition of asphalt before and after aging under different aging modes, providing a new theoretical basis for the study of asphalt's low-temperature durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 140940"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel process for low-cost preparation of large-volume cast stone from molten silicomanganese slag","authors":"Yi Huang,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhou,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel process for the low-cost preparation of cast stone from molten slag was proposed and investigated in a pilot industrial experiment. A large volume cast stone (1.50 × 0.45 × 0.65 m) was prepared from the molten silicomanganese slag (SMS) through discharging, modification, casting, and heat treatment process. The final building slabs were cut from the cast stone and analyzed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, physical property tests, heavy-metal ion leaching, and radioactivity testing. The results demonstrated that the building slab exhibited good mechanical properties, low heavy-metal ion leaching, and acceptable radioactivity levels. During the modification process, 4 mass% of chromite was added to the SMS to control its composition. The sensible heat of the slag dissolved the chromite during discharge and conveyance. A new spinel crystal precipitated during modification, acting as a nucleation agent and promoting homogenous crystallization during the subsequent heat treatment, ensuring excellent performance. The heat treatment process can be divided into three stages: the temperature-controlled crystallization (1000–1050 ℃) in cast stone, the temperature-controlled cooling (900–1000 ℃), and the furnace cooling stage, including the annealing (280–900 ℃). By avoiding energy supply during the slag heating, melting, modification, and furnace cooling processes, the experiment proved that the energy consumption of converting molten slag into cast stone could be significantly reduced to 175 kWh/ton. This innovative process is expected to be widely applied to other metallurgical molten slags, promoting green and low-carbon industrial development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 141063"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}