Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effect of MgO expansive agent and fly ash on the volume stability of low-heat Portland cement-based materials","authors":"Zhibing Liu ,&nbsp;Maosen Li ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Chang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Jin ,&nbsp;Huamei Yang ,&nbsp;Wenwei Li ,&nbsp;Shuhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic effect of fly ash (FA) and MgO expansive agent (MEA) on the volume stability of low-heat Portland cement (LHC). Drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, chemical shrinkage, unitary mass loss, internal relative humidity, isothermal calorimetry, XRD, TGA, MIP, and SEM-EDS were employed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of FA and MEA on shrinkage behavior, hydration, and microstructure. Results show that LHC exhibits superior volume stability compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The combined use of FA and MEA reduces 7-day chemical shrinkage by 40.91 % relative to the LHC reference, while maintaining low drying shrinkage despite substantial water loss, and enhancing both micro-expansion and moisture retention under sealed conditions. LHC undergoes a mild and sustained hydration process, facilitating the formation of a denser microstructure. FA refines the pore structure and promotes the formation of C-(A)-S-H, while MEA generates Mg(OH)₂ crystals that fill pores and compensate for shrinkage via micro-expansion. Their synergy not only delays early hydration and continuously promotes hydration product formation, but also further refines the pore structure and facilitates the formation of a dense and interwoven microstructural network composed of C-S-H, Mg(OH)₂, and C-(A)-S-H in localized regions. This refined microstructure effectively mitigates shrinkage-induced stress, enhancing the long-term volume stability and crack resistance of LHC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143878"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic damage constitutive behavior of UHPC under uniaxial tension","authors":"M.A. Saqif ,&nbsp;Sherif El-Tawil","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The uniaxial behavior of UHPC under cyclic tension is experimentally investigated for two different fiber volume fractions (<em>V</em>_<em>f</em> <em>= 1.5 % and 2.0 %</em>) with a full incursion in compression. The tension coupons are loaded and then fully unloaded (<em>hence incurring compression</em>) under two types of cyclic loading regimes (<em>one and two cycles per displacement increment</em>). Displacement increments include cycles prior to and post attaining the localization strain. The experimental results show that strength and stiffness degradation under cyclic loading is not substantial until the strains exceed the localization strain and that the compression incursions have no effect on the tensile response for the applied loading regime. It is also observed that increasing the steel fiber volume fraction mildly inhibits the stiffness degradation process. An analytical elastoplastic stress-strain relationship considering damage with only two calibration parameters is introduced and calibrated to express the cyclic stress-strain relationship of UHPC under tension. The proposed relationship is reasonably robust in capturing the hysteretic tensile response of UHPC and is therefore suitable for finite element simulation of UHPC structures under cyclic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143764"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of flexural stiffness, strain levels, and temperature on the fatigue failure of asphalt mixtures containing geocomposites in various layers","authors":"Mohsen Piralaiy ,&nbsp;Morteza Modarresi ,&nbsp;Hossein Aalinejadian ,&nbsp;Hamid Shirmohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt pavements frequently experience structural deficiency in the form of cracking, leading to expensive repair and decreased service life. Although traditional overlays are routinely employed to retard pavement degradation, the reflection of existing cracks in new overlays is a major concern. Considering this gap, the study investigates the placement of geocomposites at strategic points in asphalt slabs to assess their effectiveness in enhancing fatigue resistance, decreasing damage growth, and improving structural performance under various levels of strain and temperature. The main goal is to determine the capabilities of geocomposites in increasing pavement life through experimental fatigue testing and theoretical damage mechanics modeling, providing sustainable solutions for road repair and maintenance. The research approach entails experimental testing using the four-point bending beam apparatus in strain-controlled mode under 250, 400, 650, and 1000 microstrain strain levels. Geocomposites are placed in either the middle third or the ends of asphalt slabs, and their performance is compared with that of unreinforced specimens at ambient and sub-zero temperatures (22 and −25°C). Regression analysis is also used to establish predictive relationships between strain levels, material characteristics, and rates of deterioration. The findings indicate that geocomposite-reinforced specimens have significantly better fatigue life than unreinforced specimens, with improvements of up to 71 % for higher strain levels. The specimens reinforced at the ends perform better under higher loading, while specimens reinforced in the middle third provide better performance under lower strain levels. Reinforcement also lowers the rate of damage growth by 50 %, increasing the period between repairs of pavements. Notably, geocomposites display higher effectiveness in colder climates, where reinforced samples have over two times the fatigue life of unreinforced equivalents at a temperature of −25°C. By combining empirical findings with theoretical concepts, this research provides practical guidelines for enhancing pavement reinforcement practice, thus promoting economical and sustainable infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143785"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermo-mechanical and tribological performance of zirconia-coated MWCNTs reinforced HDPE composites","authors":"Suhas K ,&nbsp;Murthy BRN ,&nbsp;Anupama Hiremath ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sathish Kumar Palaniappan ,&nbsp;Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa ,&nbsp;Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) composites reinforced with zirconia (ZrO₂)-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were developed and characterized to enhance their thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties. The functionalization of MWCNTs with ZrO₂ via a hydrothermal method improved dispersion and interfacial bonding within the HDPE matrix. The composites were fabricated using melt blending followed by injection molding with varying ZrO₂-MWCNT loadings (1–4 wt%). Density, thermal stability, crystallinity, dynamic mechanical properties, and tribological performance were evaluated. The results revealed a significant enhancement in both tensile and flexural strengths of the composite, with the maximum improvement observed at 3 wt% ZrO₂-MWCNT reinforcement—showing approximately 50 % increase in tensile strength and 32 % increase in flexural strength compared to the neat HDPE. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed enhanced thermal stability and crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated increased storage modulus and reduced damping factor, indicating improved stiffness. Furthermore, tribological tests revealed a decrease in wear rate and coefficient of friction at optimal filler concentrations. These findings suggest that ZrO₂-coated MWCNTs are effective reinforcements for HDPE, making these composites promising candidates for hot water transportation pipes in reactors, highly resistant corrosion and is frequently used as an insulator in high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143830"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance of TRUHPC composites under freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Yijiang Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Ridho Surahman ,&nbsp;Lina Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Tamon Ueda ,&nbsp;Kohei Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to analyze the durability of textile-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (TRUHPC) composites under freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). To clarify the frost resistance mechanism, mechanical property tests of the UHPC matrix, pullout tests of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid-UHPC matrix interfaces, and axial tensile tests of the TRUHPC plates were conducted. In addition, changes in microstructure were also evaluated quantitatively through thermogravimetric and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests, and qualitatively through scanning electron microscopy test. The results showed that after subjected to 100 FTCs, the rehydration products primarily accumulated at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the steel fibers-matrix, rather than at the CFRP grid-matrix interface, resulting in a denser microstructure. Consequently, the flexural strength of the matrix was significantly increased by approximately 52.9 %, which enhanced the tensile properties of the TRUHPC composite. However, as the number of FTCs increased, the flexural strength of matrix, the pullout strength of CFRP grid-UHPC interface, and tensile strength of TRUHPC composite reduced obviously due to greater frost damage and higher stress concentration at the steel fibers-matrix and CFRP grid-matrix interfaces. Even so, the compressive strength of the hybrid fiber UHPC matrix almost constant even after 700 FTCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143836"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating FWD test and laboratory observation for assessing the damage state of semi-rigid base in asphalt pavement","authors":"Lulu Yang ,&nbsp;Zhang Chen ,&nbsp;Huailei Cheng ,&nbsp;Ruikang Yang ,&nbsp;Lijun Sun ,&nbsp;Chen Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Base layer’s condition assessment provides essential references for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. However, as base layer is within the pavement structure, direct observation of its condition is difficult, which limits the validation of evaluation indicators against actual damage conditions. This paper aims to propose a non-destructive testing (NDT) framework for assessing the damage states of semi-rigid base, with its reliability validated by laboratory observation. First, Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing, traffic measurement and core sampling were conducted on two in-service pavements. Then, base layer’s moduli under different magnitudes of axle loadings were back-calculated via FWD deflections, and used to predict base layer’s initial modulus (i.e., <em>E</em>_<em>0</em>), whose prediction accuracy was verified by comparing it with the results of uniaxial compression test on core samples. Based on the back-calculated moduli and initial modulus, the damage state of base layer was assessed, and the assessment accuracy of this new FWD-backcalculation-based method was validated by laboratory observation on actual damage states of core samples. Finally, the proposed method was in comparison with conventional assessment methods to prove its advancement. The results indicate that the fitting error of predicted <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is below 0.5 % and the damage states assessed by the proposed method align closely with the observed damage states. Besides, comparisons between the proposed and conventional methods illustrate the former one is advanced in identifying different damage states. The findings of this research are expected to offer insights to assist in detecting damage states of semi-rigid base and making maintenance strategies for asphalt pavement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143769"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the impact of PPA and sasobit additives on rubberized asphalt binders: A sustainable approach to improved performance","authors":"Amir Amini ,&nbsp;Ehasn Hajian","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling waste tires into crumb rubber modifier (CRM) provides a sustainable solution for enhancing asphalt properties, yet it faces challenges such as low efficiency, material separation, and potential environmental effects at elevated temperatures. This research explored the combined impacts of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) and Sasobit on crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB) through two scenarios: modifying various performance grade CRMB (PG64–22 and PG58–22) with different PPA concentrations and creating warm mix asphalt (WMA) using Sasobit. The findings reveal that the asphalt type and additives like PPA and Sasobit significantly affect the rheological characteristics and fatigue life of CRMB. CRMB 58 binders demonstrate flexibility in low temperatures but are susceptible to softening in high temperatures, whereas CRMB 64 binders exhibit greater resistance to permanent deformation, making them more suitable for heavy loads. The inclusion of PPA improves elastic properties, while CRMB and Sasobit contribute to reduced viscosity and enhanced high-temperature performance. Adding Sasobit and PPA increases fatigue life, although too much PPA may diminish it. Most modified binders met the Extreme (E) criteria and can support traffic exceeding 30 million ESALs at 64 °C. ANOVA results reveal that the type of binder, Sasobit, and PPA have significant effects on the rheological properties of CRMB. Tukey analysis indicates that PPA enhances storage stability and viscosity but is less effective under high strains. Both PPA and Sasobit improve properties, with optimal PPA levels recommended to be between 0.5 % and 1.0 %. Overall, these results emphasize the critical nature of carefully selecting binder types and additives based on temperature and loading conditions to achieve optimal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143794"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of casting defects on interfacial shear bonding performance between UHPC and NC substrate subjected to static and cyclic loading","authors":"Zhimei Jiang ,&nbsp;Kun Yu ,&nbsp;Zhongya Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingchen Leng ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Jianting Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface, as a critical area of the strengthening system, is susceptible to casting defects induced by construction techniques, surface unevenness of the concrete substrate, and external loading during service life, leading to significant deterioration of structural durability and strengthening effectiveness. UHPC-NC interface push-out experiments considering interfacial defect area, surface condition, and loading type were carried out. The effect of casting defects on the bonding behavior of UHPC-NC interface was investigated in terms of shear strength, ductility coefficient, and maximum slip. Additionally, a parametric analysis was performed using a validated finite element model to examine the influence of key variables on the shear performance of interface defects. Results from the push-out tests indicated that the three main failure modes were observed, including NC substrate failure, mixed failure of the NC substrate and interface, and defect interface failure. Interfacial defects significantly weakened the shear performance of the UHPC-NC push-out specimens, including a reduction of 20.35–51.11 % in shear strength and 2.50–65.7 % in ductility coefficient. However, as the interfacial defects increased, the maximum slip increased accordingly caused by stress redistribution and weakening of interfacial bonding. Notably, the shear performance of the low-roughness specimen (MHW80) exhibited a higher sensitivity to interfacial defects. Finally, the shear strength prediction model considering the contribution of various factors such as interfacial cohesion, friction, and dowel action was derived. The excellent correlation between the experimental results and the predicted values of this model was presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143736"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different rejuvenators and aging methods on the physicochemical properties of bitumen assessed by infrared spectroscopy and rheological analysis","authors":"Lukas Perfler ,&nbsp;Bozena Cuk ,&nbsp;Georgi Chankov ,&nbsp;Roland Traxl ,&nbsp;Peter Hirzinger ,&nbsp;Roman Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of high Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) contents during the production of flexible pavements can lead to premature damages, such as crack formation, due to the presence of aged bitumen. As a remedy, rejuvenators are commonly employed to minimize these negative effects and are claimed to be capable of restoring the original rheological behavior of the asphalt binder. In this study, 70/100 penetration-grade bitumen samples are artificially aged by Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), and Universal Simple Aging Test (USAT) and subsequently rejuvenated by five different rejuvenators (three bio-based, one mineral-oil based, and one synthetic product) from renowned manufacturers, considering different degrees of aging as well as different amounts and types of rejuvenators. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy provided insight into the chemical homogeneity of the bitumen-rejuvenator mixtures as well as the interaction between the aged bitumen and rejuvenators. Moreover, by identifying characteristic peaks in the IR spectra of the rejuvenators, a semi-quantitative determination of the rejuvenator content of bitumen-rejuvenator mixtures is established, regardless of the degree of aging. Rheological testing, on the other hand, provided insight into the effect of aging and rejuvenation on the mechanical properties, such as complex shear modulus and phase angle. Based on the results, the rejuvenation effect on the physical and chemical properties of the long-term and extended aged bitumen is strongly dependent on the type and dosage of rejuvenator, however, a full recovery cannot be observed because of the dosages being different when aiming at the restoration of the complex shear modulus or the phase angle of the original bitumen and the generally only slightly affected carbonyl and sulfoxide peaks. Notably, significant changes in the chemical functional groups were also observed during the rejuvenation process, indicating a chemical interaction between the binder and rejuvenator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143796"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixture proportioning method of geopolymer recycled concrete based on the characteristics of matrix rheology and coarse aggregate skeleton","authors":"Qingyu Zhong ,&nbsp;Zerui Yan ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Pan ,&nbsp;Dingshi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Tan ,&nbsp;Shuaicheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to build a mixture proportioning method for geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GRAC) based on the excess mortar film thickness theory and concrete skeleton model theory. The mix design protocol is built by establishing the correlation between the workability/strength of corresponding geopolymer concrete and mechanical/rheological properties of geopolymer mortar. The GRAC specimens were prepared with varying recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %), mortar matrix strength grades (M30, M40, and M50), and coarse aggregate volume fractions (0.3, 0.35, and 0.4). The fresh properties of the geopolymer paste and mortar matrix were characterized in terms of rheological behavior, while the workability of the geopolymer concrete was assessed via slump and slump flow tests. The mechanical performance was evaluated by testing the compressive strength of both geopolymer paste, mortar matrix and concrete. Test results indicate that the workability of GRAC is predominantly influenced by the rheological behavior of its mortar matrix and the coarse aggregate content. The workability indicators increase with decreasing yield stress of mortar matrix or increasing mortar film thickness. The strength contribution of coarse aggregate skeleton initially increases but subsequently decreases with increasing coarse aggregate volume fraction. When the RCA replacement ratio increases from 0 % to 100 %, the strength contribution of coarse aggregate skeleton of GRAC decreased by 33.42 %–61.76 %, 27.90 %–30.15 %, and 30.51 %–37.34 % for coarse aggregate volume fractions of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4, respectively. The later reduction in strength is attributed to transgranular fracture through the recycled coarse aggregates, resulting from the low crushing value of RCA. A mixture proportioning method based on the excess mortar film thickness theory and concrete skeleton model theory enables the prediction of GRAC’s compressive strength within a 15 % error margin. The concrete specimens designed with this method, targeting strength grades of C30 to C50, achieved compressive strengths ranging from 32 MPa to 56.8 MPa and slump values between 190 mm and 200 mm. This study provides design methodologies and theoretical foundations for the engineering application of GRAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 143882"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}