International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Transformative Impacts of Globalization on the Economy of South Caucasus and Central Asia","authors":"M. Guliyev, K. Huseynova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3770087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3770087","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: The disappointing economic results of the global economic crises, which brought macroeconomic instability, increasing inequality, are often understood as results of globalization. In this article, besides the positive effects, the many unavoidable negative impacts of globalization on the South Caucasus and Central Asia region are discussed. It is shown that responsibility for the economic crisis is not entirely globalization but a combination of the raw material based economy, together with incorrect trade policy. In this article, an alternative view of globalization is offered, including diversification policy challenges. It also explores the main tools of dissemination of globalization, which has created many new opportunities for business in the region.\u0000Purpose of the article: The aim is to find out to what extent the countries are involved in international integration, comparative analysis transformative impacts of globalization.\u0000Methods: The methods of comparative analysis and systematization of scientific approaches were employed. The research contains an analysis of the region’s position in the international trade and investment.\u0000Findings & Value added: The region has to concentrate on a new picture of the multipolar world. In the region countries, the processes of globalization were accelerated after the countries became a member of WTO, ADB and integration into the international relations. The findings in general correspond with the trends in emerging markets that the process of globalization is gradually turning into functional mechanism of competitiveness, but there are some differences. The impacts of globalization process are progressively increasing, also there are new unforeseen impacts evolving.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121024722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdependence Between States and Economies: The International Response","authors":"Maxime Delabarre","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3917586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3917586","url":null,"abstract":"Through a review of the different forms of interdependence between states and economies, this essay argues that an international response resulting from further global cooperation is the way forward. As interdependence is now weaponized to serve countries' interests, coordination is needed across global players. Specifically, trade and economic negotiations have to take place. However, one needs also to consider deep modifications to the current international framework, strongly unbalanced. International taxation, global public goods, climate change, and global value chain are among the subjects needed to be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126103538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rule of Technology – How Technology Is Used to Disturb Basic Labor Law Protections","authors":"Tammy Katsabian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3758389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3758389","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written on technology and the law. Leading scholars are occupied with the power dynamics between capital, technology, and the law, along with their implications for society and human rights. Alongside that, various labor law scholars focus on the implications of smart technology on employees’ rights throughout the recruitment and employment periods and on workers’ status and rights in the growing phenomenon of platform-based work. This article aims to contribute to the current scholarship by zooming it out and observing from a bird’s-eye view how certain actors use technology to manipulate and challenge basic legal categories in labor today. This is done by referring to legal, sociological, and internet scholarship on the matter. \u0000 \u0000The main argument elaborated throughout this article is that digital technology is used to blur and distort many of the basic labor law protections. Because of this, legal categories and rights in the labor field seem to be outdated and need to be adjusted to this new reality. \u0000 \u0000By providing four detailed examples, the article unpacks how employers, giant high-tech companies, and society use various forms of technology to constantly disturb legal categories in the labor field regarding time, sphere, and relations. In this way, the article demonstrates how social media sites, information communication technologies, and artificial intelligence are used to blur the traditional concepts of privacy, working time and place, the employment contract, and community. This increased blurriness and fragility in labor have created many new difficulties that require new ways of thinking about regulation. Therefore, the article argues that both law and technology have to be modified to cope with the new challenges. Following this, the article proposes three possible ways in which to start considering the regulation of labor in the digital reality: (1) embrace flexibility as part of the legal order and use it as an interpretive tool and not just as an obstacle, (2) broaden the current legal protection and add a procedural layer to the legal rights at stake, and (3) use technology as part of the solution to the dilemmas that technology itself has emphasized. By doing so, this article seeks to enable more accurate thinking on law and regulation in the digital reality, particularly in the labor field, as well as in other fields and contexts.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128508852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalization, Trade Imbalances and Labor Market Adjustment","authors":"Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Joao Paulo Pessoa, Ricardo Reyes-Heroles, Sharon Trailberman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3762635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3762635","url":null,"abstract":"We study the role of global trade imbalances in shaping the adjustment dynamics in response to trade shocks. We build and estimate a general equilibrium, multi-country, multi-sector model of trade with two key ingredients: (a) Consumption-saving decisions in each country commanded by representative households, leading to endogenous trade imbalances; (b) labor market frictions across and within sectors, leading to unemployment dynamics and sluggish transitions to shocks. We use the estimated model to study the behavior of labor markets in response to globalization shocks, including shocks to technology, trade costs, and inter-temporal preferences (savings gluts). We find that modeling trade imbalances changes both qualitatively and quantitatively the short- and long-run implications of globalization shocks for labor reallocation and unemployment dynamics. In a series of empirical applications, we study the labor market effects of shocks accrued to the global economy, their implications for the gains from trade, and we revisit the \"China Shock\" through the lens of our model. We show that the US enjoys a 2.2 percent gain in response to globalization shocks. These gains would have been 73 percent larger in the absence of the global savings glut, but they would have been 40 percent smaller in a balanced-trade world.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114311005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Away from Home and Back: Coordinating (Remote) Workers in 1800 and 2020","authors":"R. Juhász, M. Squicciarini, Nico Voigtländer","doi":"10.3386/w28251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w28251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the future of remote work by drawing parallels between two contexts: The move from home to factory-based production during the Industrial Revolution and the shift to work from home today. Both are characterized by a similar trade-off: the potential productivity advantage of the new working arrangement made possible by technology (mechanization or ICT), versus organizational barriers such as coordinating workers. Using contemporary data, we show that organizational barriers seem to be present today. Without further technological or organizational innovations, remote work may not be here to stay just yet.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122421354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drone Technology, Airspace Design, and Aerial Law in States and Cities","authors":"B. Skorup","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3754425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3754425","url":null,"abstract":"Federal and state governments have embraced drone technology in recent years to stimulate a domestic industry for new jobs and long-distance delivery services. However, the federal-state breakdown about who manages drone airspace has not been resolved, which, as the Government Accountability Office recently reported to Congress, threatens the progress of the US drone industry. What is clear is that landowners, whether public or private, own low-altitude airspace and air rights. This article traces the legal treatment of surface airspace as real property back to Anglo-American legal treatises and court decisions in the mid-19th century. Therefore, absent a revolution in property and government takings law, state and city authorities will play a major role in demarcating drone highways, as well as creating time, place, and manner restrictions such as time-of-day rules, noise maximums, and privacy protections. This paper proposes a cooperative federalism system of airspace leasing above public roads to avoid most nuisance, trespass, and takings lawsuits from residents. Finally, this paper proposes a legal presumption establishing an altitude where private air rights end and federally managed airspace begins.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133724393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and Implementation of an ERP to Enhance Security","authors":"Dr. Shashiraj Teotia, S. Panwar, Himanshu Sirohi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3740409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3740409","url":null,"abstract":"ERP Systems are the fundamental approach and main use in every organization and business worldwide. To facilitate the use of the user, so that the term ERP is defined as software that is being intended to sustenance and automates the different processes of any business at every level of an organization. ERP is join up of three important components: Business Management Rehearses, Information Technology and Specific Business Objectives. At the primary of ERP is a well managed centralized data repository which acquires information from and amount information into the fragmented applications operating on a universal computing platform. To shield all data within the ERP system’s database, data security has conventionally been implemented by providing a centralized security infrastructure or subsystem within the ERP system.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128046620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource-Aware Dynamic Load Balancing System in Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems through Swarm Intelligence","authors":"A. Kumar, Dhanpratap Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3734997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3734997","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed computing is a very common term in the field of computer science and a very general computing paradigm which is being used by almost all the scientific and industrial computing applications. Distributed services are generally deployed on a server somewhere at some other geographical region and its consumers are spread across the world. Now a days almost all the commercial applications consumes distributed services in some forms to have a set of different consumer services to their customers on their platform. As soon as this kind of computer applications started to come into the commercial market, the number of its users started to increase exponentially over the time. By the time it became very difficult to handle and respond to its numerous users at the same time which leads to a high risk of losing the customers, if they are unable to provide services with a minimal possible response time. If an application has comparatively less features but its response is fast, then it became a widely used product in the market. Hence almost all the organizations invest a separate large amount of money annually on the maintenance of its computer applications and specially to boost its performance and response. Even though there are still many challenges in this field, since organization has a limited computing and networking resources to provide their services to its users which are in millions in number. Hence, it has been always a major area of research for many engineers and scientists from all over the world to implement and deliver an algorithm that would be able to solve all these types of problem and provide the services up to the customer satisfaction. In the field of computer science, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) introduced by D. Karaboga [12] is one of the best optimization algorithms on the intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarm. Therefore, we have represented this paper with a systematic study on designing a load balancing system which is artificial intelligence enough to control the network traffic on the host server to allow only permitted number of jobs at the same time which falls under resource constraint of the server. It will work as a middleware between the front-end application and channel of heterogeneous distributed computing servers.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125544334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promise and Limits of Lawfulness: Inequality, Law, and the Techlash","authors":"Salomé Viljöen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3725645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3725645","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of Facebook’s Cambridge Analytica scandal, the technology industry has been the focus of increased public distrust, civil and worker activism, and regulatory scrutiny — a collective curdling of goodwill referred to as the “techlash.” No longer does the tech industry stand for the propositions of inclusive capitalism and technological progress that benefit all. In near parallel, ferment is once again abroad in the law (to paraphrase Llewellyn). Both popular and scholarly commentators challenge the incapacity of law and our legal institutions to protect against the worst abuses of our time. These critiques emphasize the limits of (anti-democratic) progressive political strategies that overly rely on appeals to existing legal institutions, rather than strategies to democratically re-invigorate those institutions. What does it mean to respond to the crisis of legitimacy in tech with appeals to legality at a time when law is undergoing its own growing legitimacy crisis? This Essay explores the implications for this twin moment of reckoning, first by troubling the distinction between “tech ethics” and law/regulation as responses to the techlash, before rescuing what a turn to law may offer those seeking to democratize the digital economy. In response to skepticism about the recent rise of “tech ethics,” many critics have called for legal and regulatory reform instead. In contrast with the “ethics response,” this “lawfulness response” is considered more capable of disciplining the excesses of the technology industry. Yet this view misunderstands the indeterminacy and the possibility of both ethical commitment and law. In advancing this argument, the Essay focuses on two misunderstandings common among proponents of the lawfulness response. First, they misdiagnose the harms of the techlash as arising from law’s absence. In fact, law mediates the institutions that it enacts, the productive activities it encases, and the modes and myths of production it upholds and legitimates. Second, this distinction between law’s absence and presence implies that once law’s presence has been achieved, the problems of the techlash will be addressed. This concedes the legitimacy of the very legal regimes currently at issue in law’s own legitimacy crisis, and those that have presided over the techlash. The twin moment of reckoning in tech and law thus poses a challenge to those looking to address technology’s problems with promises of lawfulness. Nevertheless, addressing the harms caused by technology production will by necessity require engaging with law. In fact, technology reformers can helpfully recast the problems of the techlash as problems of law’s growing legitimacy crisis. Doing so faithfully will require re-invigorating the democratic possibility of law: its capacity to channel and enact democratic will rather than as a means to circumventing that will. Waldron notes, “a lot of what makes law worthwhile, […] is that it commits us to a certain method of","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126084687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Cores in Information Graph Games","authors":"Marina Núñez, J. Vidal-Puga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3733420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3733420","url":null,"abstract":"In an information graph situation, some agents that are connected by an undirected graph can share with no cost some information or technology that can also be obtained from a source. If an agent is not connected to an informed player, this agent pays a unitary cost to obtain this technology. A coalitional cost game can be defined from this situation, and the core of this game is known to be non- empty. We prove that the core of an information graph game is a von Neumann-Morgenstern stable set if and only if the graph is cycle- complete, or equivalently if the information graph game is concave. When the graph is not cycle-complete, whether there always exists a stable set is an open question. In this regard, we show that if the information graph consists of a ring that contains the source, then a stable set always exists and it is the core of a related information graph situation where one edge has been deleted.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134030187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}