International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal最新文献

{"title":"LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y COMUNICACIÓN EN LA EDUCACIÓN LATINOAMERICANA: MODELOS Y TENDENCIAS DE USO (Information and Communication Technologies in Latin American Education: Models and Trends of Use)","authors":"Ana Angélica Casara Palivoda Wilske, Anabelem SOBERANES-MARTÍN, Anthony Bautista-Pariona, Armando Guillermo Antúnez Sánchez, Brenda Luz Colorado Aguilar, Bruno Eliseo Ramírez Rengifo, Catalina Rondón Oyuela, Cindy Jiménez-Picado, Fernando Pari-Tito, Edgar de Jesús Ramírez Ramírez, Fredery Fabían Polanias Soto, Gloria Concepción Tenorio-Sepúlveda, I. Pianucci, José Cabrejo-Paredes, Juan Zarate-Yépez, K. Y. Artavia-Díaz, Libardo Cartagena, Lupe Esther Graus Cortez, María Guadalupe Ñeco Reyna, María Guadalupe Venteño Jaramillo, María Laura Manzi, Marta Alicia Tenutto Soldevilla, Melissa Rivera Guzmán, Nayibe Soraya Sanchez León, Osbaldo Turpo Gebera, Raúl Alberto Irigoyen, Rocío Marivel Diaz Zavala, Tanya Lizeth Báez Jiménez, Yolanda Coral Martínez Dorado, Yudi Castro Blanco, Yusselfy Márquez Benítez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3864484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3864484","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish abstract: Resumen: La iniciativa para la elaboración de un libro resultados de investigación, nace de una reflexión realizada por un grupo de docentes investigadores de Latinoamérica y América Central, con el propósito de producir una obra en formato digital, para la socialización de proyectos de investigación y los resultados de estos. Por lo anterior, se propuso líneas temáticas vinculadas en la docencia y la brecha tecnológica, servicios empresariales con TIC, la gamificación con uso de apps y plataformas educativas libres en el aula, modernización de procesos empresariales y agronomía uso en el sector agrario con TIC. Se presentan resultados investigativos variados, desde el producción y desarrollo de aplicaciones computacionales para el sector agrario y comercial, la aplicación del videojuego GCompris en el desarrollo de competencias digitales y desarrollo del pensamiento matemático en el nivel de preescolar, las plataformas tecnológicas basadas en juegos generan un ambiente de aprendizaje propicio, donde se fomenta el estudio, el sentimiento de pertenencia a un grupo y la colaboración, además de captar el interés de los participantes, entre otros. El uso de sensores de temperatura y humedad, con el apoyo de la radiación solar que se presenta en la región el espinal Colombia, permite mejorar el proceso de secado del mango. De ahí que el ejercicio desarrollado, con la publicación del libro, lograr una oportunidad a los docentes seguir socializando sus procesos investigativos, en un contexto virtual. English abstract: The initiative for the preparation of a research results book was born from a reflection carried out by a group of research teachers from Latin America and Central America, with the purpose of producing a work in digital format, for the socialization of research projects and the results of these. Therefore, thematic lines related to teaching and the technological gap, business services with ICT, gamification with the use of apps and free educational platforms in the classroom, modernization of business processes and agronomy use in the agricultural sector with ICT were proposed. Varied research results are presented, from the production and development of computer applications for the agricultural and commercial sector, the application of the GCompris video game in the development of digital skills and development of mathematical thinking at the preschool level, technological platforms based on games generate a conducive learning environment, where study, the feeling of belonging to a group and collaboration are encouraged, as well as capturing the interest of the participants, among others. The use of temperature and humidity sensors, with the support of the solar radiation that occurs in the spinal region of Colombia, allows improving the mango drying process. Hence, the exercise developed, with the publication of the book, provide an opportunity for teachers to continue socializing their research processes, in a virtua","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121998001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Value Chains and Innovation Systems: Exploring the Inter-relations","authors":"Swati Mehta","doi":"10.22904/SJE.2021.34.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22904/SJE.2021.34.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in transportation sector have shrunk the world in a matter of few hours while the inventions in information and communication technologies is giving time a miss. These together have transformed the structure of world production process. The nations are increasingly concerned about entering the global value chains (GVC) and subsequently to upgrade into higher value-added activities, largely being determined by the structure of their innovation systems (IS). Therefore, an attempt is made to examine the relationship between participation in Global value chains (GVC) and Innovation Systems (IS) of different developed, Asian and developing countries depicting different stages of development. For the purpose, seemingly unrelated regression equation model is estimated for the manufacturing industries and it was found that in the initial stages of development, low-skilled labour, medium skilled labour, process innovation and price level have significant impact on participation in global value chains (GVC) followed by the role of skilled labour and innovations in the advanced stages of development. It was also found that for building innovation systems (IS), the role of high-skilled labour predominates in the initial stages. However, in the later stages, participation in GVC with backward linkages also has a positive impact on building their innovation value systems (IS). Specifically for South Korea with proximity in high technology intensive industries, the impact of high skilled labour, product and process innovation are significant in determining global value chain participation while the high-skilled labour and backward linkages played important role for building its innovation systems (IS). For India’s low-technology intensive industries, low skilled labour and price level have significant impact on its participation in global value chains whereas human capital have positive impact on its innovation systems (IS).","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"9430 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122199929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolitical Shift at a Time of COVID-19 and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: A Case Study of Chinese Innovation in Multilateralism","authors":"David L. Morris","doi":"10.1556/204.2021.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2021.00003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How China will contribute to global governance has become a critical question in international relations, amplified by the linkages between the Covid-19 pandemic, escalating geopolitical contest and multilateralism in crisis. China has been doubling down on its authoritarian model of domestic governance while becoming more internationally assertive, including in existing and new multilateral institutions. Meanwhile, the United States appeared in recent years to be undermining the institutions, norms and rules of the liberal international order that it, itself, built. The subsequent decline in international cooperation poses grave risks to public health, economic and other forms of security. Can China cooperate with other actors to contribute public goods and stabilisation of global governance in such a deteriorating international environment? While there is a wide range of institutions in which to examine China's growing role in international governance, from United Nations bodies such as the World Health Organisation and World Trade Organisation to regional initiatives such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, this paper examines the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), an example of Chinese innovation in multilateralism. Established amidst geopolitical contest, the new institution seeks to address the Asian deficit of financing for sustainable development. The bank challenges a number of prevailing norms, including replacing the disproportionate power of the US and the advanced economies in the multilateral system with a more proportionate role for China and other developing countries; a new focus on infrastructure-led development which is built on Chinese confidence in the East Asian development model; and a shift away from the Bretton Woods practices of using financing conditions to drive liberal democratic and neo-liberal economic reforms. At the same time as representing a challenge to the traditional order, the bank exhibits – at least to date – best practices in implementation and addresses previously unmet concerns of the developing world. While it is not possible to extrapolate from only one initiative to draw comprehensive conclusions about China's likely future role in global governance, the AIIB case nonetheless suggests that, at least in some fields, China will challenge liberal norms to reform rather than revolutionise the international order.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124923826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Diffused Pivotality","authors":"Victor Klockmann, Alicia von Schenk, M. Villeval","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3848495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3848495","url":null,"abstract":"With Big Data, decisions made by machine learning algorithms depend on training data generated by many individuals. In an experiment, we identify the effect of varying individual responsibility for moral choices of an artificially intelligent algorithm. Across treatments, we manipulated the sources of training data and thus the impact of each individual's decisions on the algorithm. Reducing or diffusing pivotality for algorithmic choices increased the share of selfish decisions. Once the generated training data exclusively affected others' payoffs, individuals opted for more egalitarian payoff allocations. These results suggest that Big Data offers a \"moral wiggle room\" for selfish behavior.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127176497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Country’s Place for the Development of Creative Human Capital in the Global Dimension","authors":"N. Azmuk","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2021.230083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.230083","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this research is creative human capital. In the context of digitalization, creative human capital enhances the competitiveness of the national economy. This requires the creation of favorable conditions in countries for the formation and development of creative abilities among carriers of human capital. Creative human capital acquires special significance and additional value in the context of the spread of the use of digital technologies in business and production processes. It is creative human capital that creates added value through the ability to innovate. These processes are responsible for the growth in the need for creative skills of human capital. Therefore, in this work, using the example of Ukraine, the place of the country in the global dimension is determined in terms of the level of development of creative human capital in the context of the digitalization of the economy. To compare the national economy with other countries for the formation of creative human capital and the level of favorable environment for its development, the data of the Talent Competitiveness Index were used. The definition of a country in the global digital landscape is based on the use of the author's typology of employment, identifies five types depending on the combination of creative and digital skills in the labor process. In order to interpret the data obtained, the assessment of employment is coupled with the results of an expert survey. The survey involved 108 experts representing various aspects of social and labor relations: employees, employers, authorities. The results of the expert survey showed the existing demand in the national labor market for human capital, which has mastered creative and digital skills and combines in the labor process. A serious challenge for the national economy is the imbalance in the labor and education markets; it turns out to be in the demand for human capital with creative skills and the backwardness of the education market with the training of relevant specialists. An important direction of strategizing the development of the national economy is determined by balancing the labor market and education through strengthening the focus of the formal education system on the formation of creative skills. Application of the proposed approach to defining the country in the global digital landscape is a convenient tool for monitoring the level and dynamics of the country's creative capital development, the results of which can be used in developing a national development strategy.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117276630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicultural Societies: Future of Human Civilization","authors":"Mona Beniwal, Dr. Anshu Raj Purohit","doi":"10.52984/IJOMRC1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52984/IJOMRC1202","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has made this world inter-connected. World is turning into global village, where there is an amalgamation of various cultures. Migration has been a part of human history. Due to such mass movements multicultural societies came into existence which is quickly changing the face of the modern world. Though there are many challenges in the way of peaceful establishment of such societies but still these are rapidly blooming in the various parts of USA, Canada, Australia and many European nations. These multicultural societies make world vibrant as these have a lot to offer from knowledge, values, customs, beliefs and to new perspectives. Thus, proliferation of multicultural societies should be motivated by the governments and the people in general. These can make further strengthen relations between different communities so that all can work for mutual progress and thus world peace is achieved.<br>","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126877097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Lessons for Government AI Projects","authors":"G. Ramizo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3840398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3840398","url":null,"abstract":"Governments around the world are launching projects that embed artificial intelligence (AI) in the delivery of public services. How can government officials navigate the complexities of AI projects and deliver successful outcomes? Using a review of the existing literature and interviews with senior government officials from Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore who have worked on Smart City and similar AI-driven projects, this paper demonstrates the diversity of government AI projects and identifies practical lessons that help safeguard public interest. I make two contributions. First, I show that we can classify government AI projects based on their level of importance to government functions and the level of organisational resources available to them. These two dimensions result in four types of AI projects, each with its own risks and appropriate strategies. Second, I propose five general lessons for government AI projects in any field, and outline specific measures appropriate to each of the aforementioned types of AI projects.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology is Not a Cause of Distribution: On the Unimportance of Capital Reversing, Reswitching, and Price to Capital Theory, and the Inconsequentiality of Capital Value, an Epi-Phenomenon","authors":"David Gruber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3813848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3813848","url":null,"abstract":"A novel parameterization of a two-good economic model, consumption good and capital good, enables straightforward resolution of various issues that have vexed the long Cambridge capital controversy, including the existence of single quantities for both capital quantity and capital value regardless of its composition from heterogeneous goods, the closure of price and value, capital reversing, and reswitching. Capital value is shown to be a consequence, not a cause, of distribution and choice of technique, hence an epi-phenomenon. Technology, the production function and its curvature, cannot determine distribution, because any equivalence between marginal factor productivities and factor compensation, wage and profit rates, is an accounting identity with no causal implications at all. The direction of causation of distribution is necessarily from distribution to choice of technique. Distribution itself must be determined by social forces other than technology. <br><br>Key words: JEL Classification: E11, E13, E14, E25, E40, O41<br>","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Visual Technology on Price Discovery for Residential Listings and Transactions","authors":"S. Ong, W. Wong, Davin Wang, Choon Peng Lai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3870236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of visual technology on the price discovery process in listings of residential properties in Singapore from 2015 to 2018.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors empirically model the effects of 360 virtual tours and drone video on four dimensions in price discovery – buyers’ arrival rate, sale probability, transaction prices and time-on-market – using a comprehensive data set for the residential properties in Singapore.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The analysis shows that the availability of virtual tours or drone video in a listing increases the arrival rate from potential buyers, the probability of a successful sale and the selling price. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that technologically enhanced tools improve the quality of information and the marketability of property. However, listings with virtual tours tend to be associated with longer marketing time, which is consistent with the prediction of the information overload hypothesis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This paper extends the housing and price discovery literature by examining how technologically enabled new information affects property transactions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to consider the impact of drone video on property market outcome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120950354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why We Still Need Free Trade and Globalization (Dlaczego wciąż potrzebujemy wolnego handlu i globalizacji)","authors":"Dalibor Rohac","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3779231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3779231","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: The increasingly tense interplay between trade and politics should not blind us to the fact that the postwar liberalization of trade worldwide has been a resounding success and remains one of globalism’s most significant achievements, if not the most important achievement, period. This opening up did not happen spontaneously in an institutional vacuum. Instead, the current degree of economic openness and the resulting prosperity are results of a combination of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and later the World Trade Organization (WTO), underwritten largely by the United States, as well as a variety of regional initiatives. \u0000 \u0000The existing platforms for trade liberalization - WTO, regional trade blocs, and other preferential trade agreements (PTAs) - have their weaknesses. One is that the low-hanging fruit of slashing tariffs and removing quotas has been mostly picked. The remaining trade barriers revolve around politically thorny issues related to technical and regulatory questions, intellectual property, and distorted agricultural markets. In addition, the one-way nature of WTO membership has been subject to abuse by state-capitalist economies, particularly China, which has gained access to Western markets while jealously shielding its incumbent firms from foreign competition. \u0000 \u0000However, giving up on the institutions underpinning the current trade regime would be extremely unwise, particularly at a time of historically unprecedented economic distress accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic. Without the constraints imposed by the WTO and PTAs, nothing would stop politicians from reverting back to trade policies that cater to special interests while distributing the costs over the wider public. As the example of the Great Depression shows, such danger would be imminent in bad economic times when the temptation to impose discriminatory trade barriers would be strong and doing so would amplify the size of adverse economic shocks. A zero- or negative-sum economic environment provides fuel for extremist ideologies, militarism, and war. Avoiding such a scenario is precisely the challenge facing the world today. \u0000 \u0000Polish Abstract: Narastające tarcia pomiedzy sferą polityki i handlu nie powinny przeslaniac nam faktu, ze powojenna liberalizacja światowego handlu okazala sie ogromnym sukcesem i pozostaje jednym z najwiekszych, o ile nie najwiekszym osiągnieciem okresu globalizacji. To otwarcie nie dokonalo sie spontanicznie, w instytucjonalnej prozni. Wrecz przeciwnie, obecny poziom gospodarczej otwartości i bedący jej skutkiem dobrobyt są efektem kombinacji wielostronnych negocjacji handlowych, prowadzonych pod auspicjami Ukladu Ogolnego w sprawie Taryf Celnych i Handlu (GATT), a poźniej Światowej Organizacji Handlu (WTO), zyrowanych glownie przez Stany Zjednoczone, a takze licznych inicjatyw regionalnych. \u0000 \u0000Istniejące platformy liberalizacji handlu – WTO, regionalne ","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125648347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}