International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Linkages, Global Shocks, and Local Labor Markets: Theory and Evidence","authors":"Rodrigo Adão, Costas Arkolakis, Federico Esposito","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3332087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3332087","url":null,"abstract":"How do shocks to economic fundamentals in the world economy affect local labor markets? In a framework with a flexible structure of spatial linkages, we characterize the model-consistent shock exposure of a local market as the exogenous shift in its production revenues and consumption costs. In general equilibrium, labor outcomes in any market respond directly to the market’s own shock exposure, and indirectly to other markets shocks exposures. We show how spatial linkages control the size and the heterogeneity of these indirect effects. We then develop a new estimation methodology - the Model-implied Optimal IV (MOIV) - that exploits quasi-experimental variation in economic shocks to estimate spatial linkages and evaluate their counterfactual implications. Applying our methodology to US Commuting Zones, we find that difference-in-difference designs based on model-consistent measures of local shock exposure approximate well the differential effect of international trade shocks across CZs, but miss around half of the aggregate effect, partly due to the offsetting action of indirect effects.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning Globalization 4.0 into a Real and Sustainable Success for All Stakeholders","authors":"Ivo Pezzuto","doi":"10.22495/JGR_V8_I1_P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22495/JGR_V8_I1_P1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to provide an overview of the major opportunities and challenges of the fourth phase of globalization in the current macro scenario characterized by a high level of economic and geopolitical complexity and uncertainty. The assumptions and results reported in this work are based mostly on the judgmental opinion of the author and on his critical analysis of macroeconomic data and global trends. The author of the paper is a seasoned chief economic advisor and professor of global economics and disruptive innovation. Forecasting global market trends and future scenarios in a highly unpredictable business environment is always a complex task which cannot be undertaken simply relying on quantitative research techniques based on historical datasets since the past is not always a good predictor of future events. The qualitative approach adopted for this research is based on multiple forms of data sources and the following activities: (1) identification of the key forces and trends in the environment (i.e. environmental scanning); (2) assessing the driving forces and trends by importance and uncertainty; (3) envisioning potential alternative scenarios; and (4) assessing the potential implications of each trend and scenario. The result of this analysis confirms the central role that technological development is likely to have in the near future as a major driver of disruptive change in the economic and social models of many countries and leads to the conclusion that the groundbreaking and disruptive innovations of the future should be perceived as a potential opportunity and not just as a threat by stakeholders in the international community.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131999693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Semiotics of the Technosphere","authors":"J. Hartley, Carsten Herrmann-Pillath","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3308002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3308002","url":null,"abstract":"In current debates about the Anthropocene, the notion of ‘technosphere’ has gained analytical traction. It is loosely defined as the conjunction of all technological systems embodied in artefacts that have been created by humans since the domestication of fire and the invention of the first tools. Authors such as Peter Haff argue that the technosphere can and should be investigated as a physical phenomenon. We agree but raise the question of how those features can be accounted for that are often conceived of as specifically human, such as culture, agency, consciousness and creativity. We suggest that technosphere science needs to include semiotics: All physical interactions in the technosphere are mediated via physical signs, and signs also mediate human action. This requires a fundamental rethinking of our common conceptions of doing science; especially, we advocate a richer conceptualisation of causality. We build on two classical approaches to semiotics: C.S. Peirce’s semiotics, as further developed in modern biosemiotics and Yuri Lotman’s notion of semiosphere. We posit the principle of ‘bimodality’, where technosphere interactions are always and everywhere in the two modes of matter-energy transformations and semiosis. In this framework, we suggest that the economy is a core constituent of the technosphere, mediating between physical processes and human agency. To pursue the implications of our approach, we suggest that research into the phenomenon of the city and urbanisation is a central concern of semiotic analysis of the technosphere. In the evolution of urban systems, physical aspects (such as the evolution of material networks and physical flows) always work together with semiotic aspects of social networks, to produce the semiosphere of a city.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122367914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World-System Theory: A Sociopolitical Approach to Explain World Economic Development in a Capitalistic Economy","authors":"M. Coccia","doi":"10.1453/JEPE.V5I4.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1453/JEPE.V5I4.1787","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This conceptual paper describes world-systems theory that is a socioeconomic and political approach that explains the economic development and dynamics of capitalistic world economy. In particular, this study clarifies international market trade, economic division of labor and other relationships between core and periphery areas. Some limitations of this approach conclude this study. Keywords. World-Systems Analysis, World Economy, World Market, Capitalistic World Economy, Core-Periphery areas. JEL. F63, O10, O20.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123793826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"디지털 혁신의 국제비교와 시나리오별 무역 영향 분석 (International Comparison and Trade Effects of Digital Innovation According to Various Scenarios)","authors":"Nakgyoon Choi, Kyu Yub Lee, Hyuk-hwang Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3422555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3422555","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Korean Abstract:</b> 4차 산업혁명은 지능정보기술이 경제 및 사회전반에 융합되어 혁명적인 변화가 이루어지는 차세대 산업혁명을 의미한다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명에 따른 기술과 산업의 발전에 대해 살펴보고 경제패러다임 및 무역패턴의 변화를 분석하였다. 또한 미국특허자료와 OECD통계 등을 이용하여 디지털 혁신 수준을 국별 및 산업별로 비교 분석하였다. 아울러 반사실적 분석이 가능한 이론적 무역모형을 구축하고 디지털혁신이 무역에 미치는 영향을 시나리오별로 분석하였다.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The fourth industrial revolution is the next generation industrial revolution driven by intelligence information technology. Specifically, the digital innovations related to artificial intelligence, big data analysis, cloud computing, and the internet of things have driven hyper-connection between all products and services through global networks, thereby advancing the data-driven economy. <br><br>This study describes the trend of digital innovations in the wake of the fourth industrial revolution, discussing the changes in the economic paradigm and international trade patterns in the future. This study also compares industry-level digital innovation by country using the data on patents reported to the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), as well as the dataset provided by the OECD and the International Federation of Robotics. We simulate the effect of digital innovation on trade according to various scenarios, setting up the theoretical model for counter-factual analysis using data from World Input-Output Table released in 2016. In order to quantify the trade effects from digital innovation, we add fundamental productivity into a multi-country and multi-sector Ricardian model with input-output linkages, trade in intermediate goods, and sectoral heterogeneity. <br><br>According to the results of the analysis, the significant improvement in the world’s digital innovation, led by the US and Japan, shows an increasing step curve during the years of 1998 and 2010. The quantitative and the qualitative level of Korea’s digital innovation is steadily rising, and the latest data rank it at a high level. However, Korea’s level of digital innovation is still relatively low compared to the US and Japan. When considering the recent drop in Korea’s H index with an increase in the level of digital innovation in China and India, Korea may experience a similar decline as the EU.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand Forecast and Update Based on Blockchain Technology","authors":"Zhongbao Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3610795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3610795","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to solve the problem of information asymmetry in the supply chain through block-chain technology. We consider a drop shopping supply chain, which includes one supplier and one retailer who has more accurate demand forecast. The demand forecast of the retailer is mainly based on past selling data on a private block-chain. And the retailer can choose to join a consortium block-chain to share the demand forecast credibly. We consider three types of information sharing scenarios with a fixed cost of joining the consortium block-chain: retailer bears all the fixed cost, supplier bears part of the cost by providing a fixed subsidy, supplier bears part of the cost by providing a wholesale discount. We find the perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) with threshold strategy in all three scenarios. And the numerical simulations mainly show that, the supplier’s direct subsidy and wholesale discount strategy will increase the retailer’s joining probability but hurt her expected profits. As the fixed cost increases, the expected profit both the retailer and the supply chain system will decrease at first but increase later, and finally converge to a constant. When product margin for the supplier is lower, the retailer’s willingness to join is higher. The supplier is only willing to provide subsidies when the cost is around a medium level. When the fixed cost is in a large range, the retailer will rather make a decentralized decision in in-completing information than join the consortium block-chain.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124195075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Paradoxical Effects of Blockchain Technology on Social Networking Practices","authors":"Raffaele Ciriello, R. Beck, J. Thatcher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3920002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3920002","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology is a promising, yet not well understood, enabler of large-scale societal and economic change. For instance, blockchain makes it possible for users to securely and profitably share content on social media platforms. In this study, we explore how blockchain enables and constrains social networking practices by means of an in- depth qualitative study of Steem, a major Blockchain Social Network (BSN). From that, we identify three paradoxical effects of BSN: 1) Freedom and Captivity, 2) Abundance and Scarcity, and 3) Peace and War. Via a dialectic synthesis of the three paradoxes, we theorize the effects of blockchain technology on social networking practices. We discuss theoretical implications for research on blockchain, social media, and online communities and define a path for research on BSN. We also discuss theoretical and practical implications by illustrating the paradoxical effects of using BSN and suggesting appropriate coping strategies.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124367764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Challenges in Developing Markets in Africa","authors":"David C. Nwogbo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3306561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3306561","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of technological development in developing markets in Africa has not only blighted the prospects of economic development but has also limited their chances of attaining global competitiveness. The globalization of economies has placed developing economies in Africa in a disadvantaged position. Technological capability is needed not only to address the challenges of economic transformation but to also unleash the growth potentials of developing markets. As its objective, the paper argues that the possession of technological capability is a necessary condition for the structural transformation of African economies. The paper concludes that Africa does not have the right policy framework and innovative practice for technological growth. The paper recommends the institutionalization of a strategic process that will enhance the acquisition of technological know how (technical skills and innovation expertise) by African youths with which to pursue the quest for development in order for African economies to be globally competitive.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132790062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carec Regional Integration Index","authors":"Saeed Qadir, Karlo Adriano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3404462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3404462","url":null,"abstract":"The CAREC Regional Integration index (CRII) maps the state of regional cooperation and integration on six socio-economic dimensions (with 26 constituent indicators) for each of the CAREC member countries and the region. CRII employs a panel-based data set for the construction of the index that includes data from the years 2006 to 2016. Two-stage Principal Component Analysis technique is employed to ascertain and apportion the weights for each of the indicators and dimensions for aggregation of a composite weighted index. PCA based Panel approach helps to gauge the dynamic behaviour of the drivers of regional cooperation and integration over the years, and track its evolution and assess the state of regional integration in each of the dimensions and overall index progress for policy analysis and targeted policy interventions. CRII exhibits a lower level of regional cooperation and integration (RCI) in the CAREC region. The low level of CRII is consistent with the Asia Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index (ARCII) 2017 and 2018 editions’ findings.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132830850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Information: Use of Google Trends' Data to Narrow Information Gaps for Low-Income Developing Countries","authors":"Futoshi Narita, Rujun Yin","doi":"10.5089/9781484390177.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484390177.001","url":null,"abstract":"Timely data availability is a long-standing challenge in policy-making and analysis for low-income developing countries. This paper explores the use of Google Trends’ data to narrow such information gaps and finds that online search frequencies about a country significantly correlate with macroeconomic variables (e.g., real GDP, inflation, capital flows), conditional on other covariates. The correlation with real GDP is stronger than that of nighttime lights, whereas the opposite is found for emerging market economies. The search frequencies also improve out-of-sample forecasting performance albeit slightly, demonstrating their potential to facilitate timely assessments of economic conditions in low-income developing countries.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134408676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}