{"title":"Guidance document on substances under special attention","authors":"F. Hermann, G. Klotz, H. Urbach","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857651","url":null,"abstract":"The electronics industry in Europe has made concerted efforts in close cooperation with the chemical industry to shed more light on the use and assessment of hazardous substances posing a potential risk to the human species and the environment. The joint working group C4E (chemical industry, electronics industry and Eurometaux) has played a vital role in this campaign. A guidance document prepared by C4E will open an informed dialogue on various substances used in electronics products. This document includes a compilation of scientific data and the feed back from NGO's and other interested parties (e.g., consumer organizations). An assessment of liquid crystal displays (LCD) included in the paper demonstrates the usefulness of the guidance document's approach.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of paper membrane switches for fully featured computer keyboards","authors":"B. Ramsey, D. Harrison","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857621","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents the successful development and evaluation of a novel membrane switch. The process results in lower environmental burdens and manufacturing costs than current screen-printed polyester solutions. Detailed is the evaluation of offset lithographically printed conductive tracks on paper substrates for application in computer keyboard assemblies. Offset lithographic printing of conductive tracks is an emerging fabrication technique finding application in low-cost, high volume, flexible circuitry applications. Several fully featured demonstration keyboards and switch membranes have been constructed and tested. These are currently in use in office environments and are presented.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130162970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sweatman, D. Cox, R. Auer, C. Chew, D. Tsuda, S. Wang
{"title":"Design for environment: a case study of the Power Mac G4 desktop computer","authors":"A. Sweatman, D. Cox, R. Auer, C. Chew, D. Tsuda, S. Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857647","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing importance of environmental attributes in electronic products, Apple Computer Inc. has incorporated environmental performance as a customer, market-driven issue. Environmental aspects are considered as an integral part of a product's attributes during its design and development. This case study describes environmental performance improvements achieved in the new Power Mac G4 desktop computer released in the fall of 1999 to replace the Power Macintosh G3. The product development team introduced a number of innovations that were both economically and environmentally beneficial, including a sleep mode of less than 5 watts (17% of the ENERGY STAR(R) 30 watt requirement) and a unique swing-open enclosure door allowing access to all components. This design demonstrated that addressing environmental objectives is often complementary with fundamental product requirements, such as cost and performance. As a result of this case study, a number of design enhancements were identified that could measurably improve the environmental performance of future desktop products. In addition, specific steps were recommended to further develop the design for environment process at Apple.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122325214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic environmental assessment: a decision methodology for strategic environmental issues","authors":"A. Brinkley, M. Karlsson, J. R. Kirby, D. Pitts","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857645","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a methodology used to investigate and document the known technical, political and environmental issues associated with design options and their potential impacts on IBM business operations. The purpose of this systematic assessment is to facilitate integration of environmental considerations into strategic business decisions. An SEA follows a prescribed process flowchart and generates an ultimate ranking of possible design alternatives based on their environmental preferability. This paper describes the process and elements of a Systematic Environmental Assessment and explains how IBM has benefited from its implementation.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of service selling and design for remanufacturing","authors":"E. Sundin, Nicholas Jacobsson, M. Björkman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857661","url":null,"abstract":"A focus on selling services or functions instead of physical products can, through remanufacturing, be a way of closing material flows in present society. When a company decides to sell services, a closer connection with the customer can be established and a better control over the products can be achieved. This analysis shows that it is preferable that products aimed for service selling are designed for remanufacturing, since this facilitates the remanufacturing. With remanufacturing, economical and environmental benefits can be gained. Historical cases indicate this, and are described in this article along with an ongoing pilot project of service selling.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114321870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making plastics recycling from electronic equipment a commercial reality","authors":"D.F. Atola, M. Biddle","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857628","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares two different business models for recovering valuable plastics from electronic equipment. Manual plastic sorting is compared to automated plastic sorting. Advantages and disadvantages exist for each. Issues concerning sourcing, processing and sales/marketing are discussed, including their effect upon the respective business model.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126457974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A bi-directional supply chain optimization model for reverse logistics","authors":"S.M. Gupta, P. Veerakamolmal","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857658","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses an supply chain optimization system for reverse logistics. The solution approach employs an adaptation of the Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) technique, termed as components requirements planning, to determine the number of components needed to remanufacture products in each time period throughout the planning horizon.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133277114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the results of a worldwide packaging takeback system","authors":"E. Jimison, E. Pennington, H. Matthews","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857656","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Corporation, a computer storage products company, designed a new packaging system for their bulk hard disk drive product shipped to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The system involves a packaging design with a smaller environmental footprint and, more significantly, collection and reuse of the used packaging from OEM sites worldwide. The general analysis of the new packaging system is that of a traditional investment problem, with up front costs in terms of redesign, program rollout, etc., and expected savings over time from reduced use of packaging. Although some cost savings are expected once collection of used packaging replaces a threshold amount of new packaging purchases, costs of implementation were generally higher than predicted, and participation has been slower. The program should reduce package material costs by 30% at long-run peak usage. Because one of the primary drivers for the new system was to reduce environmental damages, the life cycle impacts of switching to the new packaging system were estimated using Carnegie Mellon University's Life Cycle Assessment method. The associated life cycle impacts suggest that energy and global warming emissions will be reduced by about 40%. This is significant because use of transportation networks will be increased with takeback.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Product portfolio design for component reuse","authors":"D. Mangun, D. Thurston","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857630","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make product take-back a viable end-of-use alternative, long-range product planning needs to be incorporated in the early design stages. Furthermore, meeting the opposing demands of different market segments requires development of a long-range plan for a portfolio of products based on market segmentation rather than a single product. Analyzing a portfolio of products creates opportunities for the design engineer to distribute the cost, reliability and environmental impacts of component re-use and recycle in such a way that the end result is higher customer satisfaction than designing one product for all customer groups. Incorporating long-range planning for component reuse in product portfolio design. A decision tool aids in determining when a product should be taken back and which product components should be re-used, recycled, or disposed of. A hypothetical case study demonstrates the implementation of this model.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental supply-chain management versus life cycle analysis (LCA) method Eco-Indicator '95: a relative business perspective versus an absolute environmental perspective","authors":"M. Nagel","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the concept of environmental quality related to the supply chain of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). This concept embodies an environmental performance tool, which generates a relative normalized environmental performance per supplier. Such a performance can be integrated into the supply-chain strategy related to eco-supplier development and contracting. This business approach is compared with LCA Method Eco-Indicator '95, which generates an absolute environmental load per kilogram produced printed board related to different environmental effects. Both approaches have been applied at production facilities of printed board suppliers. Based on research results, both approaches are discussed and advantages and disadvantages are shown.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130426809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}