{"title":"Combining economical and environmental considerations in cellular phone design","authors":"C. Boks, J. Huisman, A. Stevels","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857620","url":null,"abstract":"At Delft University of Technology a research project has been initiated to study a wide range of issues in the life cycle of cellular phones. The main focus in the first stages of this study has been on the end-of-life stage of cellular phones. Particularly the relation between several environmental and economical parameters has been investigated. Special attention has been paid to phone parts having a significant impact on the environmental performance as well as on the financial results in the end-of-life stage, such as printed wiring boards (PWBs). It is shown how scenario analyses can be used to investigate the environmental and financial consequences of technical developments for example related to PWBs.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128100798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental impact and design parameters in electronics manufacturing-a sensitivity analysis approach","authors":"S. Siddhaye, P. Sheng","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857623","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental factors have become an increasingly important issue in the design of electronic products. Factors such as recyclability and product end-of-life, latent human hazards and physical hazards have migrated from secondary constraints to become integral design objectives. However the extent to which design levers can be used to meet these objectives is often unknown, since there can be many interactions taking place during the design process. One method for determining environmental sensitivity is through a multi-layered influence diagram, which maps the influence of primary design parameters to product characteristic variables, waste variables and hazard variables. The influence diagram framework is coupled with process relationships between layers and variable space constraints to form a sensitivity analysis. This approach has been shown to be effective in conveying hazard relationships to key assembly design parameters. A case example of design sensitivity to waste variables for printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) is presented.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123149999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composition and value of returned consumer and industrial information technology equipment","authors":"E. Grenchus, R. Keene, C. Nobs","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857669","url":null,"abstract":"Due to continuing technological advances, information technology (IT) equipment has maintained an ever decreasing product lifecycle. In the industrial sector, this usually means a rapid turnover of recent vintage computer systems that are loaded with still remarketable parts and assemblies. In the consumer sector, this rapid turnover coupled with consumer reluctance to discard their outdated equipment, has resulted in the return of aged systems of questionable value. Therefore, as systems are returned to remanufacturing or demanufacturing centers, it becomes key to understand the compositional make-up and characteristics of the systems so that the \"breakpoints\" of value for resale, parts recovery, or commodity and material disposal options are known. This paper first presents data obtained from characterizing a sample of returns of IBM(R) equipment from the industrial sector. Items such as resale value, expected parts recovery value, and strict material recovery by system vintage are highlighted. Second, data characterizing returns on systems collected during a community personal computer takeback offering is presented. Items such as product composition by component and weight, processor technology, and monitor/display conditions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"50 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132172546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guojun Xu, J. Qiao, C. Kuswanti, M. Simenz, K. Koelling, J. Stuart, B. Lilly
{"title":"Insight into reuse of high impact polystyrene from post-consumer electronics equipment housings","authors":"Guojun Xu, J. Qiao, C. Kuswanti, M. Simenz, K. Koelling, J. Stuart, B. Lilly","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857673","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on engineering approaches for sustainability and design for materials reuse through preliminary studies of characterization of post-consumer resin properties and experimental blends. Because these challenges are multidisciplinary, collaboration between chemical engineering (polymer processing), industrial engineering (manufacturing processes), and mechanical engineering (product design) are described. In this paper, we describe our progress in evaluating the viability of reusing post-consumer and virgin polymer blends of high impact polystyrene from electronics equipment housings. Plastics reuse challenges are briefly reviewed, and experimental results, such as rheological properties, physical properties, simulation and design properties of a relatively thin-wall application are summarized for reuse of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) from printer and monitor housings.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecodesign innovation: is 'early' always 'best'?","authors":"C. Sherwin, S. Evans","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857634","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores ecodesign within the product development process (PDP), particularly focusing on the design stages. Previous research has highlighted the early stages as the 'best' place to integrate environmental issues. Here the early stage hypothesis is explored from the perspective of the industrial design department-the early stage designers. Being located at the earliest possible design stages of product development would mean that, were the hypothesis to hold true, industrial design world be the 'best' place to locate ecodesign. Empirical research was conducted with the Industrial Design Centre (IDC) of a global Electrical and Electronic goods manufacture. It used a qualitative, inductive research methodology, based on two 'live' design concept projects, participant observation within the department and on several semi-structured interviews. Throughout this paper, the empirical work is compared and contrasted to ecodesign literature, specifically to models of ecodesign innovation and the product development process. Beginning by exploring of the early stage hypothesis, the paper concludes with a conceptual model of early stage ecodesign for the context in question.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129904897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental supply-chain management versus green procurement in the scope of a business and leadership perspective","authors":"M. Nagel","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857652","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two different approaches, related to the integration of environment quality in the supply chain of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The approach of green procurement (GP) and environmental supply chain management (ESCM) are outlined and discussed from a business and leadership perspective. This means attention for such aspects as strategy, costs, short and long-term, awareness, products, processes and innovations from an environmental perspective. Furthermore, both approaches are compared and discussed in the scope of realization of a sustainable supply chain.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130198044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brominated flame retardants-an overview of toxicology and industrial aspects","authors":"P. Hedemalm, A. Eklund, R. Bloom, J. Haggstrom","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857649","url":null,"abstract":"Flame retardants in some form are in many cases needed, if polymeric materials are to be used in modern society. Flame retardants save lives by preventing fire initiation and propagation, which in a wider sense is also good for the environment. In electric and electronic equipment, flame retardants based on bromine are dominant. Some of the brominated flame retardants, such as PBB, have been shown to have serious long-term health and environmental effects. Others, such as HBCD, can be suspected to have similar effects. Some brominated flame retardants, especially reactive types, may be more or less harmless. Thus, brominated flame retardants is a broad group of substances that have a wide range of properties with regard to toxicity and environmental aspects. This paper is based on an investigation performed by Orange with the purpose of collecting and assessing toxicity and environmental data on brominated flame retardants in current industrial use.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":" 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113950940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LCA study of TV sets with V0 and HB enclosure material","authors":"M. Simonson, H. Stripple","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857626","url":null,"abstract":"A general LCA model for the determination of the environmental effect of the incorporation of a flame retardant into a product has recently been developed and presented internationally. This model weighs the benefits of choosing a high level of fire safety (in terms of fewer and smaller fires) against the environmental cost of the method used to attain this level of safety, i.e., the environmental cost of producing and using a given flame retardant. This paper presents the first full application of this new model. A full TV fire model has recently been presented based on differences found between different sources of fire statistics. Using this statistical model to determine material flows in the new LCA model it has been possible to make a quantitative comparison between the real effect on the environment of the choice of a high level of fire safety. Using LCA input from the open literature, fire experiments, and industry, the authors have been able to show that the emission (for the whole LCA) of key species is substantially lower for a TV with a flame retarded enclosure relative to those from a TV with a nonflame retarded enclosure. Finally, the results of the LCA are placed in their context in terms of life safety and the destructive power of fires.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115238849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a fuel cell powered radio, a feasibility study into alternative power sources for portable products","authors":"A. Jansen, S. van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857641","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors describe a feasibility study into the use of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) in a portable radio. They compare the results from this study with recent developments in fuel cell technology. Fuel cells have the potential advantage of combining a low environmental impact with a high energy density. They may help to alleviate the battery waste disposal problem and the discomfort for consumers originating from recharging or buying new batteries.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126362239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecodesign application to electronic products using the new software tool","authors":"H. Kang, C. Lee, J. Jung","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857642","url":null,"abstract":"Proactive electronics companies have vigorously been pursuing the implementation of cleaner electronic technologies. One of the general approaches to aid designers with this task is to develop a computer software for the environmental improvement. The authors, in collaboration with Technical University Braunschweig developed the ecodesign tool through 3 years' work starting 1996 and created databases for various electronic products. The philosophy intends to design parts and products which can be dismantled and recycled in an easier and more economical way. However, designers do not generally have the design experience considering disassembly and recycling. This paper thus gives knowledge of disassembly and recycling at the earliest design stage in the way of a tool which helps designers with assessing the impact of their proposed design on disassembly and recycling. Application of newly developed ecodesign tool to LG electronic products including air conditioner, washing machine and refrigerator made 15% improvement of recycling performance.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124448261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}