Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106898
Anand Srinivasan , Perry Johnson , José Castillo
{"title":"Mimetic differences and pseudo symplectic Runge Kutta methods for incompressible Navier Stokes equations","authors":"Anand Srinivasan , Perry Johnson , José Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The control of aliasing errors arising from the non-linear convective terms in the incompressible Navier Stokes equation requires care when investigating turbulent flow regimes. Discretization schemes that fail to mirror the conservation properties such as global kinetic energy (which is inherent to the continuum form) can result in spurious numerical energy build-up for turbulent flow simulations. Mimetic difference methods that operate on a staggered grid satisfy a discrete version of the continuum conservation laws, thereby resulting in more accurate numerical simulations. The high order mimetic operators of Corbino-Castillo using a skew-symmetric formulation is considered in the present work. On the temporal side, pseudo symplectic methods are investigated to obtain global kinetic energy preserving numerical solutions of the NS equations in turbulent flow regimes. Numerical examples highlighting the implementation of the mimetic pseudo symplectic schemes are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106919
James G․ Coder
{"title":"Investigation of filter stability and consistency for high-resolution turbulent flow simulations on finite-domains","authors":"James G․ Coder","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mathematical and practical behavior of finite-domain filters is explored for applications to turbulent flow simulations. High-order filters are constructed for finite-difference schemes that satisfy summation-by-parts, with calibration that considers the spectral behavior at boundaries and the integration norm of the numerical scheme, leading to both symmetric and asymmetric filters. All filters studied are contractive, but additional analysis of potential transient growth behavior is performed. The filters are applied to the one-dimensional linear advection equation, a reflecting acoustic wave on a finite domain, the inviscid evolution of two-dimensional, compressible turbulence, and transitional flow over an airfoil at moderate Reynolds number. It is observed that symmetric filters offer better overall performance with provable stability properties compared to asymmetric filters calibrated based on spectral behavior, and forgoing spectral calibration in favor of operator symmetry does not decrease solution quality for turbulence simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106899
Tyler Buchanan , Monica Lăcătuş , Alastair West , Richard P. Dwight
{"title":"Data-driven RANS closures using a relative importance term analysis based classifier for 2D and 3D separated flows","authors":"Tyler Buchanan , Monica Lăcătuş , Alastair West , Richard P. Dwight","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for enhancing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling through the application of a Relative Importance Term Analysis (RITA) methodology to develop a new zonally-augmented <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> SST model. Traditional Linear Eddy Viscosity Models often struggle with separated flows. Our approach introduces a physics-based binary classifier that systematically identifies separated shear layers requiring correction by analyzing the relative magnitudes of terms in the turbulent kinetic energy equation. Using symbolic regression, we develop compact correction terms for Reynolds stress anisotropy and turbulent kinetic energy production. Trained on 2D configurations, our model demonstrates significant improvements in predicting separation dynamics while maintaining baseline performance in fully attached flows. Generalization tests on Ahmed body and Faith hill 3D configurations confirm robust transferability, establishing an effective methodology for targeted enhancement of RANS predictions in separated flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106896
Junzhe Cao , Yufeng Wei , Wenpei Long , Chengwen Zhong , Kun Xu
{"title":"Adaptive criterion and modification of wave-particle decomposition in UGKWP method for high-speed flow simulation","authors":"Junzhe Cao , Yufeng Wei , Wenpei Long , Chengwen Zhong , Kun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benefiting from its direct modeling of physical laws in discretized space and its automatic decomposition of hydrodynamic waves and particles, the unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method provides significant advantages for a wide range of multiscale physical problems, including hypersonic flow, plasma transport, and radiation transport. To achieve a more effective and efficient wave-particle decomposition in high-speed flow simulations, particularly in regions with drastic scale variations, this work investigates a scale-adaptive criterion and introduces modifications to the flux evolution of the UGKWP method. In addition to the intrinsic time-based criterion embedded in the time-dependent distribution function of UGKWP, two further criteria-based on spatial resolution and local gradients–are employed to identify the local scale and reduce the computational overhead of particles in representing near-equilibrium gas distributions. Furthermore, by aligning the evolution of hydrodynamic waves with the coefficients in the time–integration flux of the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS), the modified wave representation improves consistency with particle contributions, which is especially critical when flow scales vary significantly across computational cells. The effectiveness of the adaptive UGKWP method is demonstrated through a series of benchmark cases, including hypersonic flows around a cylinder at various inflow Knudsen numbers, hypersonic flow over a slender cavity, side-jet impingement in hypersonic flow, and three-dimensional hypersonic flows over a 70<sup>∘</sup> blunted cone with a cylindrical sting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106891
Toru Yamada , Ryuga Sumi , Yohei Morinishi
{"title":"Direct Poisson solver combining domain decomposition and influence matrix methods and its application to DNS of oscillating grid turbulence","authors":"Toru Yamada , Ryuga Sumi , Yohei Morinishi","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the application of a direct Poisson solver combining domain decomposition and influence matrix methods to the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of oscillating grid turbulence (OGT). Solving the pressure Poisson equation is one of the major challenges in computational fluid dynamics. Traditional direct methods are accurate but difficult to be applied to large-scale problems, while iterative methods can suffer from slow convergence. The hybrid approach enables the use of the direct methods for the problem with complex computational geometry. The results show that this direct solver significantly reduces computation time compared to the iterative BiCGSTAB method. The DNS results are validated by comparison of experimental data, demonstrating good agreement in the vertical distribution of velocity fluctuation intensity. Therefore, the efficiency of this direct method for simulating the OGT turbulent flows is confirmed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106914
Yimeng Du , Zhendong Jin , Chengjun Zhang , Yan Cui , Yulong Wang , Rongxuan Hu , Peng Gao , Martin Sommerfeld
{"title":"A solver-agnostic Lagrangian approach for efficient particle tracking in unsteady multiphase flows","authors":"Yimeng Du , Zhendong Jin , Chengjun Zhang , Yan Cui , Yulong Wang , Rongxuan Hu , Peng Gao , Martin Sommerfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a novel one-way coupled Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) approach that demonstrates strong compatibility with various fluid solvers, enabling efficient particle tracking in unsteady flows. By utilizing the standard Visualization Toolkit (VTK) format, this method efficiently manages data by loading sampled instantaneous flow data, significantly reducing computational costs while tracking multiple particle properties. Crucially, this decoupling from fluid solvers allows researchers to rapidly prototype and validate new LPT models without rerunning the underlying CFD simulations, thereby dramatically accelerating iterative model development. Consequently, the method requires that the time interval be sufficiently fine to capture key flow characteristics, while the total time span covers the complete evolutionary process of the flow. Extensive numerical validations confirm its accuracy and versatility across diverse flow scenarios, including Couette and Poiseuille flows, lid-driven cavity flow, backward-facing step flow, and 90° duct bend flow. Its effectiveness in pharmaceutical aerosol applications—encompassing respiratory and dry-powder inhalers—further highlights its scalability and physical fidelity. The approach's flexibility supports the integration of complex physical models and offers a user-friendly interface through the open-source software ParaView®. This innovation not only addresses challenges faced by engineers using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software but also transforms the research workflow by enabling agile exploration of particle physics, thus expediting discovery timelines in multiphase flow studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106916
Francesco Mario D’Afiero
{"title":"Embedded strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta methods with adaptive time stepping for shock-dominated flows","authors":"Francesco Mario D’Afiero","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate time integration of hyperbolic-parabolic systems, particularly in the presence of shocks and steep gradients, remains a central challenge in computational fluid dynamics. In this work, we propose a robust, adaptive time integration framework for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations that combines an embedded third-order Strong Stability Preserving Runge-Kutta method with physics-based shock capturing and novel error control strategies. The proposed method is based on total variation diminishing properties while leveraging a proportional-integral controller for adaptive step-size selection, eliminating the need for empirical CFL tuning. A key innovation lies in the introduction of an entropy-based filtering mechanism that modulates element-wise error estimates, effectively dampening spurious spikes induced by discontinuities. Additionally, the integral term of the PI controller is stabilized using a moving median over a sliding window, enhancing reliability in shock-dominated regimes. The overall methodology requires no parameter tuning beyond a user-defined error tolerance (as it is common in any ordinary differential equation) and is demonstrated to be stable and accurate across a broad range of canonical test cases. Compared to conventional CFL stable solution obtained for the same numerical setups in a previous work, the proposed approach consistently delivers improved accuracy and robustness for high-fidelity simulations in complex compressible flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106892
Alessandro Ceci , Andrea Palumbo , Sergio Pirozzoli
{"title":"Grid resolution requirements for DNS of shock/boundary-layer interactions","authors":"Alessandro Ceci , Andrea Palumbo , Sergio Pirozzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of shock-boundary-layer interactions (SBLI) is critical for accurate prediction of turbulence, heat transfer, and separation in high-speed flows. One of the main challenges is selecting a grid resolution that properly resolves both pre- and post-interaction states while maintaining computational efficiency. This study systematically examines the impact of grid resolution on DNS accuracy, with particular focus on the post-interaction region, where turbulence length scales undergo a dramatic reduction-especially under hypersonic flow conditions. Through a series of high-fidelity simulations using grids of increasing resolution, we quantify the consequences of under-resolution on turbulence statistics, skin friction, and heat transfer, and demonstrate that classical DNS criteria remain applicable in SBLI once the viscous length scale reduction across the shock is properly accounted for. To support mesh design, we propose and validate a simple predictive scaling law, based solely on inviscid flow quantities, that estimates this reduction and thus enables a priori resolution requirements to be determined across different configurations. These results go beyond confirming the need for fine grids, providing a predictive tool to guide future DNS and wall-modeled LES of hypersonic SBLI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106887
Mirco Ciallella , Julian Koellermeier
{"title":"High order global flux schemes for general steady state preservation of shallow water moment equations with non-conservative products","authors":"Mirco Ciallella , Julian Koellermeier","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow water moment equations are reduced-order models for free-surface flows that allow to represent vertical variations of the velocity profile at the expense of additional evolution equations for a number of additional variables, so called moments. This introduces non-linear non-conservative products in the system, which make the analytical characterization of steady states much harder if not impossible. The lack of analytical steady states poses a challenge for the design of well-balanced schemes, which aim at preserving such steady states as crucial in many applications.</div><div>In this work, we present a family of fully approximately well-balanced, high-order WENO finite volume methods for general hyperbolic balance laws with non-conservative products like the shallow water moment equations, for which no analytical steady states are available. The schemes are based on the flux globalization approach, in which both source terms and non-conservative products are integrated with a tailored high order quadrature in the divergence term. The resulting global flux is then reconstructed instead of the conservative variables to preserve all steady states. Numerical tests show the optimal convergence of the method and a significant error reduction for steady state solutions. Furthermore, we provide a numerical comparison of perturbed steady states for different families of shallow water moment equations, which illustrates the flexibility of our method that is valid for general equations without prior knowledge of steady states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2026-01-30Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106913
Haiming Zhu , Yuan Yang , Zunfeng Du , Jianxing Yu
{"title":"GPU accelerated vortex-induced vibration simulation using JAX: Efficiency and accuracy strategies","authors":"Haiming Zhu , Yuan Yang , Zunfeng Du , Jianxing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) simulation framework for vortex-induced vibration (VIV), implemented using the JAX framework to exploit GPU acceleration. The code is specifically structured to meet JAX’s functional and static requirements, incorporating an efficient multi-block grid refinement scheme and a novel dynamic region approach for immersed boundary calculations. Through systematic benchmarking and convergence studies, we revealed that the present dynamic region approach achieves improved efficiency by reducing computational workload while avoiding excessive dynamic array operations. We demonstrated that the grid refinement setting should be adjusted according to the Reynolds number to maintain accuracy. The results also showed that while grid refinement saves total time-to-solution, parallel efficiency is reduced due to the stalls caused by frequent inter-block communications. Furthermore, we compared fluid-structure coupling strategies, finding that while weak coupling is adequate for amplitude prediction, strong coupling with at least two iterations is necessary to eliminate spurious frequency artifacts in the response. These findings offer practical guidelines for achieving efficient and accurate VIV simulations with IB-LBM on modern GPU platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 106913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}