2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)最新文献

{"title":"An assessment of the threats to the aquatic resources due to rapid growth in the extraction of Shale gas in the US: An application to the Kurdistan region of Iraq","authors":"Prashant Nagapurka, Joseph V. Smith","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267621","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2015 only four countries in the world are producing Shale gas on a commercial scale. These are Argentina, China, Canada and the US, with the latter producing approximately 90% of the total share. Even though for the case of US, the economic benefits of Shale gas extraction have been substantial, there exists considerably uncertainty in determining its environmental sustainability which is the main motivation behind this work. This effort is accomplished in three steps. In the first step, based on the literature available in the US, a comprehensive assessment of the threats to aquatic resources due to rapid growth in the extraction of Shale gas is carried out. Secondly, to address those identified risks recommendations are proposed to mitigate the adverse impacts. And in the third step, its applicability to Kurdistan region is assessed. Although at present Kurdistan is not producing any Shale gas commercially, the environmental impact studies conducted in the US will aid the Kurdistan government in shaping the future energy policies pertaining to sustainable Shale gas development.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122385452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of advancing the multiphase reactors in minimizing the wastes from oil and gas industry","authors":"M. Al-Dahhan","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267635","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase Reactors are essential parts for all industrial processes particularly oil and gas processes. They have more phases (gas, liquid and solid) that are brought in contact using various configurations to perform either chemical, biological or physical transformations through reactions to generate various desired products while producing wastes, by-products or undesired products. Hence, these reactors in general are the key to environmentally friendly processing in preventing pollution at the source. Accordingly, understanding the phenomena involved in these reactors and quantifying the interactions and transports among the phases and the interrelationships among transports and kinetics are essential for proper and energy efficient operation, performance, design, and scale-up of these reactors to produce cleaner and sustainable products. However, quantifying is a challenging task since these reactors are opaque and the interactions among phases are complex. We have studied various types of multiphase reactors for a wide range of processes using in house developed advanced measurement techniques and experimental and computing facilities that put my research laboratories as unique and state-of-the-art laboratories in USA and in the world. These techniques contributed significantly in advancing the knowledge of these multiphase reactors and in providing benchmarking data for validating CFD models and simulations for enabling the minimization of the wastes generated in oil and gas processes and other industries. These techniques are gamma ray based techniques for imaging and visualization and other sophisticated techniques that complement them with advanced rigs and separate effects and integrated effects experimental setups. To lean more, you may visit our website through, www.mst.edu.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131375778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic fracturing in condensate reservoirs: A simulation study","authors":"M. Safari, Vida Rastegari, Samieh Shahmarvand","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267633","url":null,"abstract":"In gas condensate reservoirs, because of the retrograde condensate, while the bottom hole pressure drops under the dew point, intermediate components go to the liquid state, so the condensate accumulation will be occurring into the porous medium. Practically, we are not able to produce the valuable liquefied components by decreasing the reservoir pressure forever. Besides, by increasing the saturation of these liquids around the production well (condensate blockage), a decrease in gas production rate occurs. So far, many methods have been applied to prevent these condensates inside the reservoirs. However, in these traditional methods typically it is required to inject another fluid into the reservoir to prevent pressure depletion such that the pressure distribution profile inside the reservoir is maintained above the dew point. Generally, in this method, it is assumed that the pressure distribution profile has a continuous logarithmic trend from the hole to the reservoir boundary. In the present study, a new approach is taken to change the pressure distribution profile inside the reservoir through creating a hydraulic fracture around the production well. In this way, a lower bottom hole pressure drop would be required for producing a certain amount of fluid. As a result, liquid accumulation around the well is prevented. In other words, a change in the profile of reservoir pressure distribution would occur in the areas near to the well, leading to a remarkably higher well productivity index. However, this method affects productivity index of the well rather than prevention of condensate trapping. In this paper, the impact of hydraulic fracturing on preventing the amount of condensate accumulation in the reservoir is investigated using simulation of a synthetic model. Three scenarios are considered; natural depletion, injection of water into the reservoir and producing by a hydraulic fractured well. Then, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on production and injection rate as well as fracture permeability to achieve the best scenario. The results show that hydraulic fracturing reduce the bottom hole pressure for a certain production rate, by the way it prevents the pressure to drop less than dew point, so it prevents the formation of condensate around the wells which result in improve well productivity index.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"12 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122446988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of RPT calibration need during microalgae culturing and other biochemical processes","authors":"Laith S. Sabri, A. Sultan, M. Al-Dahhan","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267626","url":null,"abstract":"The calibration maps relating counts with the position of the radioactive particle is essential to reconstruct the instantaneous positions of the particle and consequently measurements in a 3D manner of the local velocity field and turbulent parameters in the split photobioreactor for the microalgae system by using advanced radioactive particle tracking (RPT) technique. The calibration experiments should perform at the same operating conditions of an actual test. No studies in literature account for the effect of the growth of microalgae on the physical properties of the culturing medium by employing the calibration curves operations. This work used a Plexiglas split column of 5.0 inch (12.7cm) diameter and 59 inches (150 cm) high with a Plexiglas plate that divides the column into two equal areas. As a result, there is no significant change in counts of gamma ray (calibration system) through deference growth steps, then the experiments show that the one calibration experiment and one isotope tracer particle are enough to perform RPT operations even if the medium of the culturing becomes highly dense at this microorganism system. This knowledge and findings will help to reduce the cost and the efforts of the RPT experiments including air-water-microalgae cell systems during the culturing process.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water reuse in cooling system at North Gas Company","authors":"Khasraw S. Ali, Saif T. Manji, M. H. Zangana","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267632","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing and expanding oil and gas processing was accompanied by high demand on water. As a crucial element for both life and agriculture, water sources have to be kept unpolluted and preserved from the pollutant and high consumption from such industries. Thus, came to exist water re-use. Before water re-use can be optimized within a natural gas processing facility, all process water streams and utility water streams must be considered to operate in an integrated fashion that minimizes the water intake and discharge. and water treatment. The cooling system in the North Gas Company is the most demanding unit in terms of water requirement. In this research a water treatment unit is proposed to eliminate and reduce water and pollutants discharged to the Zab channel and well as minimize the water intake to the North Gas Company. For this purpose, an RO units are designed to treat the effluents and the makeup water using IMSDesign 2017 provided by Hydranautics. The optimum membrane type was found to be CPA6 MAX; a brackish water high rejection membrane that has a production rate of 8800 gallon/day and 440 ft2 area.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131303132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel inhibitor for controlling Iraqi asphaltene problems","authors":"Mahmoud Alhreez, D. Wen, Lameha Ali","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267622","url":null,"abstract":"Asphaltene precipitation plays a key role in many flow assurance problems like fouling in production facilities, pipelines and refineries. Several attempts have been made to stabilize the asphaltene and prevent its precipitation by using asphaltene inhibitors. This study provides a novel approach to quantifying asphaltene precipitation using a new class of asphaltene inhibitor (Poly (vinyltoluene-co-alpha-methylstyrene)) which selected based on environmentally friendly, functional groups, and polarity to be effective. The experimental data using Turbiscan suggested that the asphaltene inhibitor makes the asphaltene particles more stable due to its unique ability to interact between asphaltene particles and asphaltene inhibitor molecules via π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The involvement of using Asphaltene Inhibition Test (AIT) and the results show that the stability of asphaltene increases with increasing the concentration of inhibitor. However, at higher concentrations more than 6wt. % the sedimentation increase and in this case the polymer can cause the formation of precipitation. The present of asphaltene inhibiton is found about (83%) with using optimum concentration of polymer (6wt. %) after 1 week aging. In addition, the analysis by using Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the Iraqi asphaltene consists of functional groups such as aromatic, aliphatic hydrocarbons, sulfoxide, and aliphatic primary amines functions.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132919939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of air and water pollution caused by South Baghdad Power Plant South Baghdad Power Plant","authors":"S. F. Sharif, Ghada Mahdi Al-Saadi","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267619","url":null,"abstract":"South Baghdad Power Plants (SBPP) is one of the most important projects in Baghdad. This plant has three stations located on the east bank of Tigris River in the industrial district. The stations include; (1) 320MW steam turbine, (2) 250MW gas turbine and (3) 400MW gas turbine. Significant environmental impacts were indicated due to operating of these power plants and, badly affecting on the adjacent commercial and residential areas. In this research work, twenty one sites inside SBPP and six outside have been selected for air sampling, testing and analysis. GIS images were taken during testing periods and processed by special computer program to indicate the dispersed pollutants concentrations on the ground level. The results showed considerable air pollution of suspended particulates inside and outside the stations. Tested wastewater samples, from the stations, showed considerable concentrations of heavy metals in winter such as Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121743461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of activated carbon prepared from mixed oily sludge and lignocellulosic waste for furfural adsorption from aqueous solutions","authors":"S. Mahzoonieh, N. Mirghaffari, M. Soleimani","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267624","url":null,"abstract":"Disposal of oily sludges generated in the oil industry is an important environmental issue. In this study, a carbonaceous composite sorbent was prepared from oily sludge and elm tree sawdust using chemical activation process by zinc chloride. Some sorptive characteristics of produced activated carbon such as BET, iodine number and furfural adsorption were determined. The results showed that the addition of lignocellulosic wastes to oily sludge improved the BET surface to 691.7 m2/g and removal efficiency of furfural to 98% by activated composite comparing to the activated carbon produced from oily sludge. In general, the sorbent produced from composite of oily sludge and lignocellulosic wastes could be used in adsorption process for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123308797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparsion study between hot DIP galvanizing steel and coated steel used in oil storage tank and oil pipe transportation","authors":"H. Yousif, N. J. A. Kader, W. Salih, Payman Suhbat Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267629","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the corrosion tests for hot dip galvanizing steel and steel coated by zinc powder used with ethyl silicate co-polymer as a binder. Weight lose method was performed for both type of steel. The results obtained revealed that the resistant of coated steel as same as the resistant of galvanizing steel. Some physical properties were evaluated for both type of steel. The results obtained from the study were applied in a prototype of oil storage tank and oil transportation pipe; from which it has been shown that the coated steel exhibit excellent a corrosion resistance and the coating can be applied easily after welding processes for storage tank and pipe lines.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128999638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design a new nano-filter for purification of polluted water","authors":"Bestoon M. Faqi-Ahmed, Nisar S. Oar, Karzan A. Omar","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267615","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of water by heavy metals become one of the most environment concerns worldwide, due to their toxicity and ability to accumulate in the food and human bodies. There are different sources of heavy metals available in the Kurdistan region such as oil refining and plastic industries. In such processes, large amounts of wastewater are thrown into rivers, thus contaminate them with toxic heavy metals which leads to environmental pollution. Since, most of the heavy metals are soluble in the water. Therefore, using contaminated water for agricultural proposes cause to contaminate the human food chain and threaten people's health. For this reason, removal of heavy metals in the water is necessary. In this study, we designed a new filtration technique for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The designed nano-filter consists of layers of nano-materials including, carbon nanotube, super activated carbon nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles. The results showed the nano-filter has an interesting capability for removing heavy metals. The heavy metals such as Ag, Hg, Mn, Fe, As, Ba, Zn, Ni, V, Mo and Ti from wastewater effluent has been removed from 15% to 100%. Also, their physical properties have been improved after the filtration through the designed nano-filter.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124312198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}