2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)最新文献

{"title":"The remedial design for 9 5/8” intermediate casing two-stage cement job for a deep gas well in Kurdistan region","authors":"Mustafa S. Abdulqader, F. A. Khoshnaw","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267630","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the remedial actions prior to performing cement job in 9 5/8\" Two Stage intermediate casing at predetermined depth of (784–1540) meter R.T.K.B for a deep gas well in a gas field in Kurdistan Region-north or Iraq. In completion engineering, various tasks are required to be performed; one of these tasks is the cementing job for all casings starting from surface casing till completion the well. Therefore, an intensive casing design and cement slurries are crucial for having good cement bond behind casings. This work is carried out as a requirement for launching realistic remedial operations in intermediate casing cement job of completion engineering tasks in one of the gas fields in Iraq. The name of the field is not mentioned in this work due to the confidentiality of the publication and well is named as MF#1, which is drilled for producing natural gas (retrograde natural gas) from the depth of 1982-meter R.T.K.B. This research paper includes a brief summary to the field that is considered in this work and the valid cementing operation at the country. Followed by other sections including pre-job design of casing and cement which give detailed cement and casing design for surface 9 5/8\" casing to a deep gas well. Additionally, this study indicates the reasons led to have failure in the 1st stage cement job and coming gas out to the surface from the cretaceous interval and occurring complete losses of cement and mud before and during performing the cement program. In conclusion, the outcomes of the work been done are presented from different point of views. For example, well completion configuration is required to be reassessed in a way that would lead to have good cement bond behind casing. In more worst case, the annulus between the 13 3/8\" casing and 9 5/8\" casing is separated from the open-hole section between 9 5/8\" casing and 12.5\" OH though setting a casing packer above 13 3/8\" casing shoe. Finally, one of the cementing parameters that is considered as key factor for having a successful cement job, is the ECD where prior to start pumping cement, it is simulated through using CEMPRO Software through considering all affecting parameters, such as cement contamination, flow rate, losses, thickening time and cement compressive strength.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the efficiency of electrocoagulation system using conductivity measurements for the removal of zinc heavy metal","authors":"N. Al-Rubaiey, Mohammed G. Al-Barazanjy","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267623","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocoagulation has turned out to be a rapidly growing area of wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove contaminants that are generally more difficult to remove by filtration or chemical treatment systems. The removal efficiency of zinc from a simulated industrial wastewater of three electrocoagulation systems has been studied depending on conductivity measurements. System (1) has only two circulated horizontal flat electrodes, system (2) has two circulated horizontal electrodes with 17 holes and system (3) has two circulated horizontal electrodes and one of them is made of wire mesh. Aluminum metal has been used in all electrodes. The effects of various parameters such as applied voltage, initial Zn concentration, electrodes distance and temperature on the removal efficiency have been investigated. It has been seen from the results that removal efficiency has been significantly affected by the type the configuration system used. The best results obtained using Al-electrodes with holes. The conductivity has been decreased with increasing temperature as a function of time. Finally the ultrasonic effect on the electrocoagulation process has also been examined. In conclusion, the removal of heavy metal ions can be successfully accomplished by using electrochemical technique.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"15 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling of spent moleclular sieves from oil and gas industry: North gas company as a case study","authors":"M. H. Zangana, F. Ibraheem, S. I. Khaleel, M. Al-Dahhan","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267625","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular sieves are used over a wide range of applications in industries especially in petroleum and gas processing plants. There is a huge amount, tenths of tons to be disposed annually by oil and gas companies, sometimes in a non-safe way. These materials when they are disposed under non regulations, it will have harmful impact on the environment. In Iraq, these materials are disposed unsafely and there are no procedures and regulations that are imposed for safe handling and managing of them. This being the case, in this study the spent molecular sieves from North Gas Company (NGC) used to replace the ordinary Portland cement(OPC) in the process of concrete production. Based on the compressive strength test results of the concrete the spent molecular sieves can be used to replace the OPC by up to 15% of spent molecular sieves. The concrete specimens are well complies with the Iraqi Standard IQS 5:1984. Moreover, this method can be more cost-efficient than conventional disposal and land filling process for this type of solid wastes.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132003820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on private power generators pollutants in Koya city","authors":"H. H. Abbas, Fakhri H. Ibrahem, Ahmed A. Maaroof","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267618","url":null,"abstract":"Koya city like any other city in the world faces a critical environmental problem which is global warming and the increase in the rate of production of gaseous pollutants. This research is involved with the negative effects of private Electrical Power Generators (EPGs) on the environment in Koya City. The environmental pollutants resulted from EPGs was investigated by performing an actual study on land for a number of (EPGs) and its distribution all over Koya's City strips (total of 18 quarters) supported by statistical studies. The total amount of pollution (due to the annual increasing of power generation capacity) was increased by 130 % between 2009 and 2016, depending on data obtained from the Electricity Directorate in Koya City. The results showed that the most significant increase in pollutants was carbon Dioxide (CO2). The conclusion of this study was that the highest rate of pollution occurred in the center of the Koya City in Nalee quarter, which represented 14 %, and in nine other quarters the rate of pollution was 7 %. While the lower pollution level occurred in eight other quarters, which represented 3 % of whole pollutants for each strip.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114733150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurdistan oil and its impact on kurdistan environment — Overview","authors":"A. Amin","doi":"10.1109/eiogi.2017.8267636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eiogi.2017.8267636","url":null,"abstract":"Kurdistan region of Iraq with more than 45 billion barrels of reserved oil and 200 trillion cubic feet of reserved natural gas is considered as one of the richest area with oil and gas in the world. After 2003 specially after the approval of the Iraqi constitution and issuance of the law of oil and gas from the Kurdistan Parliament, the Kurdistan regional government (KRG) gave the territory of the patent to extract oil for many international companies and a part of these companies actually started to produce oil for example DNO and GENEL that started production of oil from Tawke field, Genel Energy and Addax from Taq Taq field, Gulf Keystone from Shaikan field and KAR Oil & Gas from Khurmala field. The industry in general and oil industries in particular are activities that negatively affect the environment and cause various environmental problems. Oil consists of at least (300) different chemicals, most of them negatively affecting the health or living organisms. Direct effects that caused by activities related to the oil industry, (search and exploration, oil extraction, oil transportation and oil refining), can be summarized in polluting the environment of Kurdistan, negative change of natural Landscape and Exhaustion of Kurdistan natural resources. The activities related to the oil industry cause pollution of the environment of Kurdistan as a result of (i) chemicals used in oil extraction, (ii) oil that is spilled on land, (iii) The combustion of crude oil which leads to emission of many highly toxic gases and release of some toxic metal elements and (iiii) Pollution from oil transport accidents of crude oil by pipelines and oil tankers.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated flare emissions created during flare ignition transient","authors":"Joseph D. Smith, Robert Jackson, A. Suo-Antilla","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267637","url":null,"abstract":"Gas flares are used to avoid catastrophic events where pressurized highly flammable gases must be safely discharged from processing facilities in chemical and petrochemical plants. Gas flaring in Russia, Iraq, and Iran represented approximately 39% of the 1,500 billion cubic meters of gas flared world-wide in 2016. Studies of flare design and performance have identified gas mixing, heat content, tip exit velocity, and crosswind velocity as key factors contributing to air emissions from gas flaring. To minimize these emissions, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to analyze and optimize gas flare design and operation. Flare flame height and shape under diverse atmospheric conditions is highly variable and complex interactions between adjacent burner flames included in multi-point ground flares must be analyzed using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) based CFD tools. Transient flare ignition and cross lighting requires detailed chemistry to accurately predict flame size/ shape, pressure profiles and associated gas emissions. Soot formation and radiation emissions from multi-tip flare systems burning upwards of 700,000 kg/hr in 400 flare tips have been predicted using a validated LES based CFD tool called C3d. This tool predicted radiation flux and respective temperature of surrounding equipment and gas emissions under no-wind and 10 mph wind. Predictions were compared to measured flame shape/size, radiation flux, and soot production for various fuel types under different wind conditions. A new technology to directly measure other air emissions during flare operation was also discussed. Comparison of measured flare performance to predictions haven been used to validate CFD results. The validated CFD tool along with the new measurement technology can be used to estimate world-wide flare emissions and develop strategies to minimize flare emissions.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129676536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing mixed amines in gas sweetening process: A Kirkuk field case study and simulation","authors":"R. Abdulrahman, M. H. Zangana, K. Ali, J. Slagle","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267616","url":null,"abstract":"The natural gas sweetening process by using chemical solvents may consider one of the most common and commercial processes that adopted to reduce or remove the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from the sour gas stream that cause health an environmental risks. An example of this is the North Gas Company's (NGC) sour gas stream, which has concentrations of H2S and CO2 of 2.95% and 2.54%, respectively. A DEA amine system is currently used to reduce these sour component concentrations below 5 ppm and 2% for H2S and CO2, respectfully. This study used Bryan Research and Engineering's ProMax® process simulation software to optimize this amine sweetening system by changing amine types DEA (Diethanolamine) and MDEA(Methyl diethanolamine), amine concentrations, and solvent circulation rates. A 50 wt% MDEA solution circulated at 414 m3/hr was determined to be the optimum operating conditions. This design both met sweet gas specifications and minimized the reboiler duty to 38 MW, a 30.9% reduction in steam consumption.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133852061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of vibration and noise level at power plant and refinery companies that represents a condition monitory for the health of machines","authors":"Sabah. m. j. Ali","doi":"10.1109/eiogi.2017.8267631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eiogi.2017.8267631","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of vibration and noise level of varies machine at any power plant station and refinery companies helps the management of the companies to observe the variation of vibration and noise level for each machine during the operation period. It helps for the indication for the health monitoring of the machine and gives a warning, before break-down occurs [1]. Two companies were chosen at Bejy town 200 km north of Baghdad, to conduct vibration and noise level measurement values with the standard of the general form of vibration level evaluation criteria and noise document[2]. The companies chosen are Bejy power plant and Bejy northern refinery. Four units of the power plant were selected, having 100–120MW electric capacity of each. Three units having 100 H.P pumping capacity were chosen. Vibration meter with its accessories manufactured by B α k (Denemark) and noise level meter manufactured by the same company above were also used. It was found that high level of vibration measurement was due to rotating unbalance and misalignment, causing high level of noise at certain points.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116898086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse fluidized bed for chromium ions removal from wastewater and produced water using peanut shells as adsorbent","authors":"N. Majeed","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267617","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this research is Chromium ions removal from wastewater and produced water by peanut shell. This work is dealing with batch adsorption process, equilibrium isotherms, and inverse fluidized bed. The used processes are batch and inverse fluidized bed. Different quantities of peanut shell are used [2, 4, 8, 12, and 16) gm using a solution with an initial concentration of (100 mg/L), initial pH of (5.6) and particle size [2–3.35) mm. In the inverse fluidized bed mode, the effect of initial Chromium concentration, particle size, mass of adsorbent, liquid velocity, and chemical modification of peanut shell by nitric acid are examined. The results show that the peanut shell is an effective adsorbent for Chromium ions adsorption.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123774953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and recycling of oily sludges produced in the petroleum industry","authors":"N. Mirghaffari","doi":"10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIOGI.2017.8267638","url":null,"abstract":"The production and disposal of oily sludges are considered as one of the most critical environmental issues in the petroleum industry, particularly in the petroleum producer countries. Annually, large quantities of oily sludges (more than 60 million tons) are generated and more than 1 billion tons of oily sludge has been accumulated worldwide. In particular, the sludge generated during the petroleum refining process has received increasing attention in recent years. It has been estimated that one ton of oily sludge is generated for every 500 tons of crude oil processed. Oily sludge is a complex and variable hazardous waste depending on the quality of crude oil as well as the processes used for water-oil separation. In general, oily sludge is composed of 40–52% alkanes, 28–31% aromatics, 8–10% asphaltenes, and 7–22.4% resins by mass. In addition, the oily sludge contains the heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and V. Because of chemical compositions variations in the oily sludges, its physical properties such as density, viscosity, and heat value can vary significantly. Based on the integrated waste management strategy, three approaches including source reduction, oil recovery and disposal using different technologies such as thermal processes and biodegradation have been reported for oily sludge treatment. In conclusion, the development of environmental friendly and economical technology for oily sludge management should be is necessary for achievement of sustainable development in the petroleum industry.","PeriodicalId":285569,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a Case Study (EIOGI)","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}