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Autocracy and Variation in Economic Development Outcomes 专制与经济发展结果的变化
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3286949
C. Knutsen
{"title":"Autocracy and Variation in Economic Development Outcomes","authors":"C. Knutsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3286949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3286949","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss and analyze the vast variation in development outcomes among autocracies, focusing on economic growth. I highlight plausible explanations of this variation pertaining to features of the leader, institutions, or the regime’s support coalition. Next, by analyzing data from more than 180 polities and with time series extending back to 1789, I present descriptive patterns and tests corroborating that variation in growth – in the shorter and longer term, across and within countries – is higher among autocracies than democracies. Finally, I assess the explanations for why some autocracies have higher growth than others. This exercise suggests that single-party autocracies have higher growth than personalist regimes and monarchies. Higher degrees of party institutionalization also correlate positively with growth. I find several (surprising) negative and null results. Notably, neither stronger legislative constraints on the autocrat nor the size of an autocratic regime’s support coalition correlate positively with growth.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114489461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Complexity Theory, Democratic Transition and Public Policy Choices in Iraq 复杂性理论、民主转型与伊拉克公共政策选择
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3057205
A. Cerami
{"title":"Complexity Theory, Democratic Transition and Public Policy Choices in Iraq","authors":"A. Cerami","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3057205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3057205","url":null,"abstract":"This article adopts Complexity Theory to improve understanding of Iraq's future patterns ofdemocratic stabilization and consolidation. It emphasizes the importance of soft technologies, aswell as hard technologies for making better public policy choices. The article also sheds light onIraq's institutional evolution, on its processes and mechanisms of variation and replication. Itemphasizes the importance of new culturally-sensitive public policies and political economies. Thefirst part of the article briefly describes the main political, economic, social and cultural changes inIraq since the fall of the Saddam regime. The second part discusses the system of social security inIraq and in formerly ISIS controlled territories. The final section deals with important challenges ofde-radicalization necessary that are necessary for the democratization, liberalization,institutionalization and consolidation of new institutions. A new spatial politics of public policymaking in formerly ISIS-occupied territories is also discussed in the concluding section.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133344307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
After the President Left My Town: Chinese State Leaders’ Domestic Visits Impact on Local Government Performance 总统离开我的家乡后:中国国家领导人出访对地方政府绩效的影响
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3180342
Hao Ren, Shaojie Zhou, Angang Hu
{"title":"After the President Left My Town: Chinese State Leaders’ Domestic Visits Impact on Local Government Performance","authors":"Hao Ren, Shaojie Zhou, Angang Hu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3180342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3180342","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic visits (in Chinese 视察、考察、调研) are one of the commonest routine work for political leaders both in the democratic and authoritarian regimes. In this article, we argue that for central authorities, in addition to public presidency in democracy, those domestic visits are one of the most important way to regulate local government’s performance in authoritarian regimes. Based on 9 members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee domestic visits from 2009 to 2012 in China and a longitudinal survey of national level residents conducted by DRC（国务院发展研究中心）, we estimate those domestic visits’ impact on local government performance by using difference in difference method. And we have three main findings. Firstly, we find that for Jintao Hu, the General Secretary, his domestic visits could significantly promote residents’ evaluation of local government administrative efficiency, and after taking selection bias into consideration, this positive effect is still robust. Secondly, after adjustment of covariates balance, this positive effect is valid for all 9 members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Finally, we also find this positive effect only exists for one year, which means when the present incumbent of leaders lose power, those effects will disappear,and we define this phenomenon as Ren Zou Cha Liang Effect(人走茶凉). On the basic of our empirical findings, those state leaders’ domestic visits provide us new vision to recognize Chinese central-local relation. Be regarded as embedded formal institution, we argue that central authorities could use their visits to access to political stability and economic development.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128117736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Homeownership, Political Participation, and Social Capital in Post-Communist Countries and Western Europe 后共产主义国家和西欧的住房所有权、政治参与和社会资本
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3109230
P. Huber, J. Montag
{"title":"Homeownership, Political Participation, and Social Capital in Post-Communist Countries and Western Europe","authors":"P. Huber, J. Montag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3109230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3109230","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether the positive effects of homeownership on political participation and social capital, found in developed market economies, extend to post‐communist countries. We use the privatization of publicly‐owned housing in post‐communist countries as an exogenous source of variation of homeownership status to identify its impact on political participation and social capital formation. We find that homeownership is strongly related to higher participation in local‐level and national elections. In post‐communist countries, homeownership is also related to higher social trust. However, the positive association between homeownership and volunteering found in developed market economies does not extend to post‐communist countries. Together, our results corroborate that homeownership is associated with positive social benefits. However, these effects are highly heterogeneous and context‐dependent.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114312386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Limit to Autocracy: An Analysis of China's Renationalization 专制的极限:对中国再国家化的分析
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-12-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3096452
Zhangkai Huang, Lixing Li, Guangrong Ma, Jun Qian
{"title":"Limit to Autocracy: An Analysis of China's Renationalization","authors":"Zhangkai Huang, Lixing Li, Guangrong Ma, Jun Qian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3096452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096452","url":null,"abstract":"We document large-scale reversal of privatization in China — local governments taking back shares in a quarter of previously privatized firms. Politicians who are not affiliated with any of the dominant political factions are more likely to waver under pressure and adopt renationalization because they are disadvantaged in the promotion process and are more sensitive to unemployment pressure. The failure to adhere to the privatization scheme reduces productivity and raises labor redundancy and firm leverage. The policy reversal casts doubt on the notion that autocracies have advantages in policy implementation.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125736088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Power, Property and Governmentality in South China: The Case of the Wen (Man) Clan in Hong Kong and Shenzhen 华南地区的权力、财产与治理:以香港和深圳的文(满)族为例
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-12-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3089728
Man Guo, Carsten Herrmann-Pillath
{"title":"Power, Property and Governmentality in South China: The Case of the Wen (Man) Clan in Hong Kong and Shenzhen","authors":"Man Guo, Carsten Herrmann-Pillath","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3089728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3089728","url":null,"abstract":"Based on fieldwork in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, we approach the case of the Wen Clan in contemporary China in terms of the interaction between formal institutions of government and informal institutions of kinship and village. This reveals the multi-facetted nature of property rights on land, which do not only enable and regulate economic action, but also structure power relations in society and vis à vis the state. In this context, we build on recent research on the role of colonialism in creating ‘Chinese tradition’ in the New Territories, and establish similarities with the extension of state power in Mainland local society. We argue that property relations are an essential aspect of governmentality, and are embedded into broader cultural phenomena, especially religion. Thus, the resurgence of lineages in Guangdong cannot be interpreted simplistically as revival of tradition, but is a distinct phenomenon in the evolution of the modern Chinese nation state.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133045031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Муниципальные Образования Как Участники Отношений Экономического Федерализма (Municipal Entities as Participants of Economic Federalism Relationships) МуниципальныеОбразованияКакУчастникиОтношенийЭкономическогоФедерализма(市政实体经济的参与者联邦制关系)
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2017-6-62-66
N. Korotina
{"title":"Муниципальные Образования Как Участники Отношений Экономического Федерализма (Municipal Entities as Participants of Economic Federalism Relationships)","authors":"N. Korotina","doi":"10.22394/1996-0522-2017-6-62-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2017-6-62-66","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В статье исследуется вопрос состава участников отношений экономического федерализма. Автор аргументирует позицию учета муниципальных образований в качестве самостоятельных участников этих отношений. \u0000English Abstract: The article considers the question of the number of the participants of economic federalism relationships. The author gives reasons for the viewpoint to consider municipal entities as independent participants of these relations.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123236955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Существует ли реальная альтернатива всеобщей избирательной привилегии? Балтийский путь 1992 из ловушки (Is the Taxpayers' Democracy Still Feasible Option? 1992 Experience of Escape from Universal Suffrage)
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3077963
K. Yanovskiy, Sergei Zhavoronkov
{"title":"Существует ли реальная альтернатива всеобщей избирательной привилегии? Балтийский путь 1992 из ловушки (Is the Taxpayers' Democracy Still Feasible Option? 1992 Experience of Escape from Universal Suffrage)","authors":"K. Yanovskiy, Sergei Zhavoronkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3077963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3077963","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Негативные последствия всеобщей избирательной привилегии (\"права\") особенно опасны для молодой демократии. На них закрывают глаза не в последнюю очереди в силу убеждения, что любые реально достижимые альтернативы (диктатуры) – намного хуже. Эстония и Латвия в 1990-х годах ввели цензы, не получив никаких заметных негативных эффектов. Эти цензовые ограничения открыли окна возможностей для проведения экономических реформ. Их опыт доказывает принципиальную возможность выхода из ловушки всеобщей избирательной привилегии. <b>English Abstract:</b> Consequences of Universal Suffrage are especially dangerous for new-born Democracy. These consequences are generally ignored because of belief, all feasible alternatives (authoritarian regimes) are even worse. Estonia and Latvia 1990-ties experience of franchise restriction (census imposed) created political opportunities for sound economic policies and not caused detectable negative political outcomes. This experience proves, escape from Universal Suffrage is still feasible option.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115138857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
State Capacity and China's Economic Performance 国家能力与中国经济运行
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-08-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3048130
Hua Cheng, K. Gawande
{"title":"State Capacity and China's Economic Performance","authors":"Hua Cheng, K. Gawande","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3048130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3048130","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts a first causal examination of the role of state capacity in China’s economic performance. Effective state capacity connotes not just ability to extract tax from citizens but also the ability to convert taxes into public investment. Equally importantly, these capacities must be combined with the ability to induce citizens and firms to make private investment that complement government’s public investment in the production of economic output. State capacity therefore combines extractive, productive and incentive-provision abilities. We use historical variation to identify the effect of state capacity at the level of county governments in modern China. Our estimates indicate that state capacity significantly impacts economic output. A mediation analysis indicates the public investment channels that deliver this impact. We also find that bureaucratic capacity measured by the number of public employees does not necessarily deliver better economic outcomes in China. We suggest that social stability objectives, rather than economic growth, drive public sector over-staffing.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126099460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainty and Insecurity in Privacyless India: A Despotic Push towards Digitalisation 无隐私的印度的不确定性和不安全感:对数字化的专制推动
ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-08-09 DOI: 10.24908/SS.V15I3/4.6618
P. Arun
{"title":"Uncertainty and Insecurity in Privacyless India: A Despotic Push towards Digitalisation","authors":"P. Arun","doi":"10.24908/SS.V15I3/4.6618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/SS.V15I3/4.6618","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2016, an unexpected imposition of a demonetisation policy in India by Modi’s government changed the role of digital technologies in mundane lives. It was unfolded with a discourse of its potential to generate a trail of long-term benefits; such as reduced corruption, enhanced governance and greater digitizing of the economy which could eventually lead to development of the nation. This road to development was radical, coercive and even authoritarian as it drove individuals to adopt digital technologies. \u0000Such a despotic push in one of the world’s largest democracies had consequential effects on individuals’ privacy and altered the nature of surveillance. The grand digitalisation project was veiled and fanatically endorsed with a tunnel vision while any robust privacy legislation to protect the flow of data was absent. This article intends to investigate the political dimensions and consequences. It will trace the contours of a despotic and authoritarian push by the government to digitise mundane lives. Therefore, it will unravel the nature of governance under the new emerging technologies, legalities, and interlinking policies to understand the persistent uncertainty and perpetual fear of insecurity under this Privacyless India.","PeriodicalId":285469,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Political Power in Transitional Economies (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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