General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service最新文献_第4页

Forest-land conversion, ecosystem services, and economic issues for policy: a review. 林地转换、生态系统服务和政策经济问题综述。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-797

R. Smail, D. Lewis

{"title":"Forest-land conversion, ecosystem services, and economic issues for policy: a review.","authors":"R. Smail, D. Lewis","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-797","url":null,"abstract":"Smail, Robert A.; Lewis, David J. 2009. Forest-land conversion, ecosystem services, and economic issues for policy: a review. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-797. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 40 p. The continued conversion and development of forest land pose a serious threat to the ecosystem services derived from forested landscapes. We argue that developing an understanding of the full range of consequences from forest conversion requires understanding the effects of such conversion on both components of ecosystem services: products and processes. However, there are unavoidable challenges involved in quantifying the threats from forest conversion and their related costs to human well-being. First, most attempts to quantify the costs of forest conversion on ecosystem services will necessarily rely on specific ecological science that is often emerging, changing, or simply nonexistent. For example, the role that many species play in ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Second, given the interconnected nature of ecosystem products and processes, any attempt to quantify the effects of forest conversion must grapple with jointness in production. For example, the cost of losing a species from forest conversion must account for that species’ role as both (1) a product that directly contributes to human well-being, and (2) as a component in an ecosystem process. Finally, the ecology and the human dimensions of ecosystems are highly specific to spatial-temporal circumstances. Consequently, the effects of forest conversion in one spatial-temporal context are likely to be quite different than effects elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124354183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Ecological Foundations for Fire Management in North American Forest and Shrubland Ecosystems 北美森林和灌丛生态系统火灾管理的生态学基础

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-779

J. Keeley, G. Aplet, N. Christensen, S. Conard, E. A. Johnson, P. Omi, D. Peterson, T. Swetnam

{"title":"Ecological Foundations for Fire Management in North American Forest and Shrubland Ecosystems","authors":"J. Keeley, G. Aplet, N. Christensen, S. Conard, E. A. Johnson, P. Omi, D. Peterson, T. Swetnam","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-779","url":null,"abstract":"This synthesis provides an ecological foundation for management of the diverse ecosystems and fire regimes of North America, based on scientific principles of fire interactions with vegetation, fuels, and biophysical processes. Although a large amount of scientific data on fire exists, most of those data have been collected at small spatial and temporal scales. Thus, it is challenging to develop consistent science-based plans for large spatial and temporal scales where most fire management and planning occur. Understanding the regional geographic context of fire regimes is critical for developing appropriate and sustainable management strategies and policy. The degree to which human intervention has modified fire frequency, intensity, and severity varies greatly among different ecosystems, and must be considered when planning to alter fuel loads or implement restorative treatments. Detailed discussion of six ecosystems—ponderosa pine forest (western North America), chaparral (California), boreal forest (Alaska and Canada), Great Basin sagebrush (intermountain West), pine and pine-hardwood forests (Southern Appalachian Mountains), and longleaf pine (Southeastern United States)— illustrates the complexity of fire regimes and that fire management requires a clear regional focus that recognizes where conflicts might exist between fire hazard reduction and resource needs. In some systems, such as ponderosa pine, treatments are usually compatible with both fuel reduction and resource needs, whereas in others, such as chaparral, the potential exists for conflicts that need to be closely evaluated. Managing fire regimes in a changing climate and social environment requires a strong scientific basis for developing fire management and policy.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 103

Eastside forest management practices: historical overview, extent of their application, and their effects on sustainability of ecosystems. 东部森林管理实践:历史概述、应用范围及其对生态系统可持续性的影响。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-324

C. Oliver, L. Irwin, W. Knapp

引用次数: 32

Effects of fire, insect, and pathogen damage on wood quality of dead and dying western conifers. 火灾、虫害和病原体对死亡和垂死西部针叶树木材品质的影响。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-816

E. Lowell, V. Rapp, R. Haynes, C. Cray

引用次数: 15

Evaluating Benefits and Costs of Changes in Water Quality 评估水质变化的收益和成本

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-548

Jessica Koteen, S. Alexander, J. Loomis

引用次数: 17

Effects of climate change on natural resources and communities: a compendium of briefing papers 气候变化对自然资源和社区的影响:简报文件汇编

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-837

R. Alig, E. Mercer

{"title":"Effects of climate change on natural resources and communities: a compendium of briefing papers","authors":"R. Alig, E. Mercer","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-837","url":null,"abstract":"This report is a compilation of four briefing papers based on literature reviews and syntheses, prepared for USDA Forest Service policy analysts and decisionmakers about specific questions pertaining to climate change. The main topics addressed here are effects of climate change on wildlife habitat, other ecosystem services, and land values; socioeconomic impacts of climate change on rural communities; and competitiveness of carbon offset projects on nonindustrial private forests in the United States. The U.S. private forest offset projects tend to be less costly than European projects but more expensive to implement than those in tropical forests in developing countries. Important policy considerations involving any mitigation actions include effects on other ecosystem services, such as wildlife habitat, and determining baselines and additionality. Stacking of ecosystem services payments or credits with carbon offset payments may be crucial in improving the participation of private forest owners. Potential social impacts of climate change are discussed in terms of health effects on rural communities and climate change sensitivity of indigenous communities. Potential economic impacts on rural communities are discussed for agriculture, forestry, recreation and tourism, fisheries,water resources, and energy. Salient findings from the literature are summarized in the synthesis of the literature, along with identified research needs.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124836636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The economic impact on the forest sector of critical habitat delineation for salmon in the Columbia and Snake River basin. 哥伦比亚和蛇河流域鲑鱼关键栖息地划定对森林部门的经济影响。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/pnw-gtr-307

R. Haynes, N. Bolon, D. Hormaechea

引用次数: 8

Recreation and tourism in south-central Alaska: patterns and prospects. 阿拉斯加中南部的娱乐与旅游:模式与前景。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-551

S. Colt, S. Martin, Jenna Mieren, M. Tomeo

{"title":"Recreation and tourism in south-central Alaska: patterns and prospects.","authors":"S. Colt, S. Martin, Jenna Mieren, M. Tomeo","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-551","url":null,"abstract":"Colt, Steve; Martin, Stephanie; Mieren, Jenna; Tomeo, Martha. 2002. Recreation and tourism in south-central Alaska: patterns and prospects. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-551. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 78 p. Based on data from various sources, this report describes the extent and nature of recreation and tourism in south-central Alaska. Current activities, past trends, and prospective developments are presented. Particular attention is given to activities that occur on, or are directly affected by management of, the Chugach National Forest. Recreation and tourism in and around the forest are also placed in a larger context. The Chugach National Forest is heavily used as a scenic resource by motorists and waterborne passengers; road access to the forest supports recreation activities such as fishing, camping, hiking, and wildlife viewing. Although the annual rate of increase in visitors to south-central Alaska seems to have slowed in the late 1990s, evidence indicates that currently both visitors and Alaska residents are increasingly seeking active forms of recreation and “soft adventure.” These demands, combined with likely capacity constraints at well-known attractions in Alaska and entrepreneurial efforts to provide short-duration recreation and tourism experiences, may lead to increasing use of the Chugach National Forest.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"551 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Engaging western landowners in climate change mitigation: a guide to carbon-oriented forest and range management and carbon market opportunities. 让西方土地所有者参与减缓气候变化:面向碳的森林和牧场管理指南以及碳市场机会。

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-801

David D. Diaz, S. Charnley, H. Gosnell

引用次数: 20

Forests of southeast and south-central Alaska, 2004–2008: five-year forest inventory and analysis report 阿拉斯加东南部和中南部的森林，2004-2008:五年森林清查和分析报告

General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-835

T. Barrett, G. Christensen

引用次数: 18