General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service最新文献

{"title":"Economic growth and change in Southeast Alaska.","authors":"R. Mazza","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-611","url":null,"abstract":"Mazza, Rhonda, tech. ed. 2004. Economic growth and change in southeast Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-611. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 71 p. This report focuses on economic trends since the 1970s in rural southeast Alaska. These trends are compared with those in the Nation and in nonmetropolitan areas of the country to determine the extent to which the economy in rural southeast Alaska is affected by regional activity and by larger market forces. Many of the economic changes occurring in rural southeast Alaska, such as the decline in the manufacturing sector, are reflections of broad-scale changes in the greater U.S. economy. Other changes, such as the increase in nonwage income as a percentage of total income, have been greater in rural southeast Alaska than at the larger scales of comparison. In chapter 1, Robertson describes these changes and their underlying causes and outlines some of their implications for the management of the Tongass National Forest. Providing forest-based recreational opportunities and aesthetic amenities is becoming increasingly important as tourism and residential activity compose a larger portion of the region’s economy. In chapter 2, Crone provides a historical context for the economic changes in rural southeast Alaska. She also establishes the global context for these changes, concluding that forces at local, national, and international scales have shaped economic growth patterns in rural southeast Alaska.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution increases forest susceptibility to wildfires: a case study for the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California","authors":"N. Grulke, R. Minnich, T. Paine, P. Riggan","doi":"10.1016/S1474-8177(08)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-8177(08)","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128235807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of place in natural resource recreation and tourism: an evaluation and assessment of research findings.","authors":"J. Farnum, T. Hall, L. Kruger","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-660","url":null,"abstract":"Farnum, Jennifer; Hall, Troy; Kruger, Linda E. 2005. Sense of place in natural resource recreation and tourism: an evaluation and assessment of research findings. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-660. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 59 p. Understanding sense of place and related concepts often presents challenges for both managers and researchers. Inconsistent application of terms, questions regarding their origin, and a lack of awareness of research findings contribute to the ambiguity of these concepts. This integrative review of research provides relevant, current information on the role of sense of place in natural-resourcebased recreation and tourism. Special focus is given to the foundations of place attachment, how place attachment may differ among user types, and the relation of place attachment to other psychological phenomena such as attitudes. The role of theory in place attachment also is addressed, and gaps in theoretical and empirical work are identified. This review provides specific recommendations for managers and others wanting to better understand the dynamics of sense of place.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"24 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130972425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alaska communities and forest environments: a problem analysis and research agenda.","authors":"L. Kruger, R. Mazza","doi":"10.2737/pnw-gtr-665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-665","url":null,"abstract":"Kruger, Linda E.; Mazza, Rhonda L. 2006. Alaska communities and forest environments: a problem analysis and research agenda. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-665. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 58 p. This problem analysis describes a variety of human-resource interaction issues and identifies related social science research and development needs that serve as the foundation for the Alaska Communities and Forest Environments Team within the Pacific Northwest Research Station. The document lays out a research agenda that focuses on understanding relations between human communities and natural resources. The agenda is divided into four subtopics: (1) communities in transition; (2) collaborative planning and stewardship; (3) sustainable tourism and outdoor recreation; and (4) cultural orientations to and uses and values of natural resources, including traditional knowledge, indigenous property rights, and tenure systems. Research questions are identified within each subtopic. Additional questions are listed in an appendix. The answers to these questions would contribute information important to forest planning and management and could help managers mitigate negative impacts and improve the flow of benefits for communities leading to a better understanding of how to sustain healthy forests and communities.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private forests, public benefits: increased housing density and other pressures on private forest contributions","authors":"R. McRoberts, Lisa G. Mahal, M. Carr, R. Alig, Sara J. Comas, D. Theobald, A. Cundiff","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-795","url":null,"abstract":"Over half (56 percent) of America’s forests are privately owned and managed and provide a vast array of public goods and services, such as clean water, timber, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities. These important public benefits are being affected by increased housing density in urban as well as rural areas across the country. The Forests on the Edge project, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, seeks to improve our understanding of where across the country housing density increases, as well as other threats, might affect these critical goods and services. For this study, we map and rank watersheds across the conterminous United States to analyze the relative contributions of private forest land to water quality, timber volume, at-risk species habitat, and interior forest. In addition, we rank watersheds according to the pressures on private forest contributions from increased housing density, wildfire, insect pests and diseases, and air pollution. Results indicate that private forest land contributions to forest cover, clean water, and timber volume are greatest in the East, but are also important in many Western watersheds. Private forests making substantial contributions to interior forest and at-risk species are more uniformly distributed across the country. Development pressures on these contributions are concentrated in the Eastern United States but are also found in the north-central region, parts of the West and Southwest, and the Pacific Northwest; nationwide, more than 57 million acres of rural forest land are projected to experience a substantial increase in housing density from 2000 to 2030. Private forests in both the Eastern and Western United States are under pressure from insect pests and diseases. The bulk of private forests most susceptible to wildfire are located in the West and parts of the Southeast. Lastly, ozone pollution affecting private forests is localized in California and several areas of the East.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122580247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riparian adaptive management symposium: a conversation between scientists and management, Forks, Washington, USA, 3-4 November 2008.","authors":"D. Ryan, J. M. Calhoun","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-830","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists, land managers and policy makers discussed whether riparian (stream side) forest management and policy for state, federal and private lands in western Washington are consistent with current science. Answers were mixed: some aspects of riparian policy and management have a strong basis in current science, while other aspects may not. Participants agreed that the same body of science, originally synthesized by the Forest Ecosystem Management Team (FEMAT) report in 1993, underlies most current federal, state and private land policy and management of riparian areas.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121458222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility between wood production and other values and uses on forested lands: a problem analysis.","authors":"C. Peterson, R. Monserud","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"647 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115829904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community energy management in Sitka, Alaska: what strategies can help increase energy independence?","authors":"D. Nicholls, T. Patterson","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-882","url":null,"abstract":"This report summarizes practical energy management strategies that could help communities in southeast Alaska move closer to energy independence while utilizing local resources more effectively. Our analysis focuses primarily on Sitka, Alaska, yet could be relevant to other communities having similar energy structures that rely primarily on hydroelectric power. We consider how community energy capacity and locally abundant resources can help communities move toward energy independence. Our recommendations focus on energy conservation, appropriately scaled renewable energy project development, and adoption of new technologies, including electric vehicles. We also identify key stakeholder elements that could be important for successful collaborative projects in southeast Alaska. Last, we consider broader implications for southeast Alaska, including communities having energy resources different from those of Sitka.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130425701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency in U.S. Forest Service facilities: a multiregion review","authors":"Rachelle Meyer, D. Nicholls, T. Patterson, Rachel E. White","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-886","url":null,"abstract":"We reviewed energy efficiency measures in facilities across the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, examining opportunities and obstacles, and identifying factors of project success. The adoption of energy efficiency measures at Forest Service sites was seen to be most likely when decision control was local to the site and when budget timing and structures were familiar to decisionmakers and planned for in advance. The role of information diffusion is an important factor in both the planning and demonstration phases of energy efficient projects. The findings presented can help other Forest Service units and other governmental agencies reach the ambitious energy reduction goals stated in Executive Orders 13423 and 13514. Higher returns on investment and more informed decisionmaking can be supported by better data documentation (pre- and postinvestment) and research into life-cycle analyses of project benefits. Much of the work summarized in this paper addresses minor purchasing decisions and energy saving equipment; however, future developments will likely include larger-scale projects, including new construction of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-certified buildings and new renewable energy projects. Resources to aid Forest Service personnel in making energy use decisions are summarized.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economics of amenities and migration in the Pacific Northwest: review of selected literature with implications for national forest management.","authors":"B. Garber-Yonts","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-617","url":null,"abstract":"Garber-Yonts, Brian E. 2004. The economics of amenities and migration in the Pacific Northwest: review of selected literature with implications for national forest management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-617. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 48 p. This paper reviews literature on the influence of nonmarket amenity resources on population migration. Literature reviewed includes migration and demographic studies; urban and regional economics studies of amenities in labor markets, retirement migration, and firm location decisions; nonmarket valuation studies using hedonic price analysis of amenity resource values; land use change studies; and studies of the economic development influence of forest preservation. A synthesis of the literature finds that the influence of amenities is consistently shown to be a positive factor contributing to population growth in urban and rural areas characterized by proximity to public forest lands. Beyond this broad finding, however, little research has been conducted at an appropriate scale to be directly useful in forest management and planning decisions. Areas for further research are identified.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133246326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}