{"title":"Lignocellulose to transportation fuels - historical perspectives and status of worldwide facilities in 2011-2012.","authors":"J. Zerbe, D. Nicholls","doi":"10.2737/pnw-gtr-885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-885","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), located in Madison, Wisconsin, celebrated its centennial in 2010, and one of the lab’s signature research areas during this century of achievement has been lignocellulosic transportation fuels. Many of these research advances have occurred either during wartime emergencies or times of economic crisis. Although great progress has been made, commercial production of lignocellulosic fuels has been limited. In this paper, the authors take an in depth look at advances, breakthroughs, and motivating factors in liquid fuels research both at the FPL and in the private sector. The authors examine the current status of lignocellulosic transportation fuels as well as near-term prospects for commercialization. The authors then summarize leading efforts at lignocellulosic fuel production in a comprehensive table. The authors consider the role that the FPL might have in developing lignocellulosic fuels during its second century as well as the commercial potential for private sector firms.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of climatic variability and change on forest ecosystems: a comprehensive science synthesis for the U.S. forest sector.","authors":"James M. Vos, D. Peterson, T. Patel-Weynand","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-870","url":null,"abstract":"This report is a scientific assessment of the current condition and likely future condition of forest resources in the United States relative to climatic variability and change. It serves as the U.S. Forest Service forest sector technical report for the National Climate Assessment and includes descriptions of key regional issues and examples of a risk-based framework for assessing climate-change effects.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129809934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Raphael, James A. Baldwin, Gary A. Falxa, M. H. Huff, M. Lance, S. Miller, S. Pearson, C. Ralph, C. Strong, C. Thompson
{"title":"Regional population monitoring of the marbled murrelet: field and analytical methods.","authors":"M. Raphael, James A. Baldwin, Gary A. Falxa, M. H. Huff, M. Lance, S. Miller, S. Pearson, C. Ralph, C. Strong, C. Thompson","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-716","url":null,"abstract":"The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) ranges from Alaska to California and is listed under the Endangered Species Act as a threatened species in Washington, Oregon, and California. Marbled murrelet recovery depends, in large part, on conservation and restoration of breeding habitat on federally managed lands. A major objective of the Northwest Forest Plan (the Plan) is to conserve and restore nesting habitat that will sustain a viable marbled murrelet population. Under the Plan, monitoring is an essential component and is designed to help managers understand the degree to which the Plan is meeting this objective. This report describes methods used to assess the status and trend of marbled murrelet populations under the Plan.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117056539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rangeland exclosures of northeastern Oregon: stories they tell (1936-2004).","authors":"C. Johnson","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-724","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson, Charles Grier, Jr. 2007. Rangeland exclosures of northeastern Oregon: stories they tell (1936–2004). Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-724. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 33 p. Rangeland exclosures installed primarily in the 1960s, but with some from the 1940s, were resampled for changes in plant community structure and composition periodically from 1977 to 2004 on the Malheur, Umatilla, and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests in northeastern Oregon. They allow one to compare vegetation with all-ungulate exclusion (known historically as game exclosures), all-livestock exclusion (known historically as stock exclosures), and with no exclusion (known as open areas). Thirteen upland rangeland exclosures in northeastern Oregon were selected and are presented with plant community trend data and possible causes of changes over time. Key findings are that moderate grazing by native ungulates afforded by the livestock exclosures generally stimulated bunchgrasses to retain dominance and vitality; native bunchgrasses can replace invasive rhizomatous plants given a reduction in disturbance over time; shrubs increased without ungulate use in shrubland communities; and invasive annuals that established following severe disturbances to the grassland community diminished with aggressive competition from perennial bunchgrasses.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127180855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Northwest Forest Plan—The First 10 Years (1994–2003): Socioeconomic Monitoring of the Mount Hood National Forest and Three Local Communities","authors":"W. M. Kay, E. Donoghue, S. Charnley, C. Moseley","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127949502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. McLain, L. Tobe, S. Charnley, E. Donoghue, C. Moseley
{"title":"Socioeconomic monitoring of Coos Bay District and three local communities.","authors":"R. McLain, L. Tobe, S. Charnley, E. Donoghue, C. Moseley","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129405282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Charnley, E. Donoghue, C. Stuart, C. Dillingham, L. Buttolph, W. M. Kay, R. McLain, C. Moseley, R. H. Phillips, L. Tobe
{"title":"Northwest Forest Plan - the first 10 years (1994-2003). Socioeconomic monitoring results volume I: key findings.","authors":"S. Charnley, E. Donoghue, C. Stuart, C. Dillingham, L. Buttolph, W. M. Kay, R. McLain, C. Moseley, R. H. Phillips, L. Tobe","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"138 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113969647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pilz, S. Alexander, Jerry Smith, R. Schroeder, J. Freed
{"title":"Nontimber Forest Product Opportunities in Alaska","authors":"D. Pilz, S. Alexander, Jerry Smith, R. Schroeder, J. Freed","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-671","url":null,"abstract":"Pilz, David; Alexander, Susan J.; Smith, Jerry; Schroeder, Robert; Freed, Jim. 2006. Nontimber forest product opportunities in Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-671. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 79 p. Nontimber forest products from southern Alaska (also called special forest products) have been used for millennia as resources vital to the livelihoods and culture of Alaska Natives and, more recently, as subsistence resources for the welfare of all citizens. Many of these products are now being sold, and Alaskans seek additional income opportunities through sustainable harvest and manufacture of such forest resources. We discuss the unique legal, regulatory, land tenure, geographic, vegetation, and climatic context that southern Alaska presents for marketing nontimber forest products; summarize the various species and types of products being harvested; and consider the marketing challenges and opportunities new entrepreneurs will encounter. The information and resources we provide are intended to enhance income opportunities for all Alaskans, while sustaining the organisms harvested, respecting traditional activities, and ensuring equitable access to resources.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121763560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guide to the common Potentilla species of the Blue Mountains ecoregion.","authors":"M. Aitken, C. Parks","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-603","url":null,"abstract":"Aitken, Marti; Parks, Catherine Gray. 2004. Guide to the common Potentilla species of the Blue Mountains ecoregion. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-603. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 50 p. This guide will assist field identification of Potentilla species likely to be found in the Blue Mountains region. Many species formerly classified in the genus Potentilla are also included. Illustrations accompany the descriptions and glossary.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127058055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of forestry in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, with special emphasis on policy measures for nonindustrial private forests in Norway and the United States","authors":"B. H. Lindstad","doi":"10.2737/pnw-gtr-538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-538","url":null,"abstract":"Lindstad, Berit Hauger. 2002. A comparative study of forestry in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, with special emphasis on policy measures for nonindustrial private forests in Norway and the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-538. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 35 p. In recognition of the cultural, economic, and ecological importance of forestry in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, this paper compares forest resource data, ownership patterns, management issues, and the impact the forest sector has on the national economies of these four countries. There is particular emphasis on the analysis of policy measures that affect nonindustrial private forests (NIPFs) in Norway and the United States. This comparison of similarities and differences in the management of NIPFs serves to identify different solutions to common challenges faced by the forest sectors of Norway and the United States.","PeriodicalId":282363,"journal":{"name":"General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}