Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques最新文献

{"title":"The role of videotex (Panel Session)","authors":"Frank Wm. Tompa, Brian Botten, David Godfrey, John Norton, Lois Schneider, A. V. Dam","doi":"10.1145/800064.801295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801295","url":null,"abstract":"Frank W. Tompa Interactive videotex systems may soon emerge as a principal information, entertainment and communications medium relying heavily on computer graphics. Until now, much has been written about the image presentation and data facilities of the several current systems, but videotex literature and research is unexpectedly far removed from mainstream graphics audiences. The purpose of this panel session is therefore to narrow the gap. In outline, the panel session includes an introduction to videotex, followed by several short presentations covering videotex graphics, experience, alternatives, and prospects. Brian Botten David Godfrey John Norton Lois Schneider Andries van Dam","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalization of algebraic surface drawing","authors":"J. Blinn","doi":"10.1145/800064.801290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801290","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical description of three dimensional surfaces usually falls in one of two classifications: parametric and algebraic. The form is defined as all points which satisfy some equation: F(x,y,z)=0. This form is ideally suited for image space shaded picture drawing, the pixel coordinates are substituted for x and y and the equation is solved for z. Algorithms for drawing such objects have been developed primarily for first and second order polynomial functions. This paper presents a new algorithm applicable to other functional forms, in particular to the summation of several gaussian density distributions. The algorithm was created to model electron density maps of molecular structures but can be used for other artistically interesting shapes.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123486004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The graphics CAD/CAM industry(Panel Session): Financial perspectives","authors":"R. Spann, Frederick R. Adler, Thomas P. Kurlack, Joseph C. McNay, M. A. Reichenbach","doi":"10.1145/800064.801271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801271","url":null,"abstract":"Richard N. Spann Companies supplying graphics CAD/CAM components and systems form an important high technology business segment. Panelists representing four financial perspectives will discuss market entry, financing, segment performance and shareholder's expectations. Development of the graphics CAD/CAM industry in the 80's will be the unifying theme.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129342283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presidents' forum: Current issues in Computer Graphics","authors":"C. Machover, Donald Feddersen, Ralph T. Linsalata, P. Preuss, R. Spann","doi":"10.1145/800064.801266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801266","url":null,"abstract":"Computer Graphics has been an integral part of the computer environment since the mid-1950's with origins in military, academic and industrial applications. Presidents of several leading computer graphics companies will discuss some of the issues they see facing this dynamic industry. One president believes that the 1980's will belong to the systems integrators because of the rapid rate of change in both technology and the competitive environment. Vertical integration will not be a successful strategy for the 1980's. Another president is concerned that industry research analysts are misusing the term “CAD/CAM” and that, in fact, most of today's CAD/CAM systems are simply productive drafting systems. He is concerned about the confusion between realistic pictures and solid modelling and about the proper mix of functionality and interactivity. Still another president believes the crucial issues in computer graphics are those that concern users; those that have access to the tools and those of future development of hardware and software to meet their needs. He suggests that only about one to five percent of the potential users have adopted computer graphics. He is concerned about providing increased access to computer graphics facilities and about removing the widespread psychological barrier of “I can't use the computer to do what I want!”. Other current issues will also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130253834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A device independent graphics imaging model for use with raster devices","authors":"J. E. Warnock, Douglas K. Wyatt","doi":"10.1145/800064.801297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801297","url":null,"abstract":"In building graphic systems for use with raster devices, it is difficult to develop an intuitive, device independent model of the imaging process, and to preserve that model over a variety of device implementations. This paper describes an imaging model and an associated implementation strategy that: 1. Integrates scanned images, text, and synthetically generated graphics into a uniform device independent metaphor; 2. Isolates the device dependent portions of the implementation to a small set of primitives, thereby minimizing the implementation cost for additional devices; 3. Has been implemented for binary, grey-scale, and full color raster display systems, and for high resolution black and white printers and color raster printers.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech recognition as a computer graphics input technique (Panel Session)","authors":"Richard Rabin, Alan R. Strass, Mark Robillard, Sue Schedler, M. Peterson","doi":"10.1145/800064.801278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801278","url":null,"abstract":"Richard Rabin Interactive graphics systems typically require intense “hands busy/eyes busy and brains busy” activity on the part of the system user/operator. Voice input by means of automatic speech recognition equipment, offers major potential for improving user/operator productivity. It is the only input technique which does not require the direct use of hands and eyes. Voice input can replace or complement keyboards, function keys, tablets and other types of input devices typically employed for entering commands, alpha and numeric data. Alan R. Strass Effective human interfaces are an essential element of plant information systems and computer integrated processes, such as graphics. In the past, data gathering choices in the factory have been generally dominated by clipboards and travelling punched card decks. Similarly, complicated keystroke sequences have often been required to evoke appropriate computer controlled functionality. Today, a number of advanced human interface techniques can be used to improve both source data capture and the selection of appropriate computer controlled operations. These techniques are becoming an integral part of many emerging on-line/real-time engineering and manufacturing applications. Speech recognition, in particular, is emerging as an important interface technology. Speech input can reduce the amount of attention the user has to spend on the mechanics of recording information of selecting functions and allows users to concentrate on their primary task. Some of the benefits include: (1) reduced user training time, (2) increased worker productivity, (3) reduced secondary key input, and (4) improved timeliness and accuracy of information made available via voice. Currently available speech recognition products have already been used to demonstrate these benefits. These advantages will only increase as the next generation of speech products deliver improved recognition performance. Mark Robillard There is an increasing awareness of the potential for improving operator productivity for graphic systems by the use of voice input. We have analyzed a number of applications in conjunction with potential users to determine how best to use this capability. Initial conclusions are that voice input can be effective, providing that the capabilities of the speech recognition equipment utilized to input voices are matched to the requirements of the applications. Key factors to be considered are vocabulary size and types, and the use of isolated words versus continuous speech utterances. Sue Schedler The addition of voice input to Calma's GBSll System provides users with a fast, accurate means by which they can execute commands. A customized Interstate Electronic VRM System has been integrated into the hardware configuration of all microelectronics products, Chips, Sticks and CARDSII. System software recognizes the input from the Harmony VRM in the same manner as a keyboard or menu button input. All three input methods may ","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116350289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating volume models from edge-vertex graphs","authors":"P. Hanrahan","doi":"10.1145/800064.801265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801265","url":null,"abstract":"The design of complex geometric models has been and will continue to be one of the limiting factors in computer graphics. A careful enumeration of the properties of topologically correct models, so that they may be automatically enforced, can greatly speed this process. An example of the problems inherent in these methods is the “wire frame” problem, the automatic generation of a volume model from an edge-vertex graph. The solution to this problem has many useful applications in geometric modelling and scene recognition. This paper shows that the “wire frame” problem is equivalent to finding the embedding of a graph on a closed orientable surface. Such an embedding satisfies all the topological properties of physical volumes. Unfortunately graphical embeddings are not necessarily unique. But when we restrict the embedding surface so that it is equivalent to a sphere, and require that the input graph be three-connected, the resulting object is unique. Given these restrictions there exists a linear time algorithm to automatically convert the “wire frame” to the winged edge representation, a very powerful data structure. Applications of this algorithm are discussed and several examples shown.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115596861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The device model of interaction","authors":"Edward M. Anson","doi":"10.1145/800064.801269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801269","url":null,"abstract":"Any interactive system can be described in terms of the devices it involves, and their interconnections. Similarly, each device can be described in terms of simpler devices and their interconnections. Such descriptions are strictly modular, and well structured. This observation allows any system to be described, at all levels, by the same language. Such descriptions have intuitive appeal for hardware as well as software components, and for process control applications as well as human-machine interaction. The Device model of interaction, as described here, can ease the job of designing user- friendly interactive systems, and can be adapted for automatic compilation. As an example, the design of an actual system component is discussed. The design is presented, at several levels, in a Pascal-like notation. It represents a module created to provide a human-machine interface via a graphic tablet, keyboard and video monitor.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114818162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer animation with scripts and actors","authors":"Craig W. Reynolds","doi":"10.1145/800064.801293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801293","url":null,"abstract":"A technique and philosophy for controlling computer animation is discussed. Using the Actor/Scriptor Animation System (ASAS) a sequence is described by the animator as a formal written SCRIPT, which is in fact a program in an animation/graphic language. Getting the desired animation is then equivalent to “debugging” the script. Typical images manipulated with ASAS are synthetic, 3D perspective, color, shaded images. However, the animation control techniques are independent of the underlying software and hardware of the display system, so apply to other types (still, B&W, 2D, line drawing ...). Dynamic (and static) graphics are based on a set of geometric object data types and a set of geometric operators on these types. Both sets are extensible. The operators are applied to the objects under the control of modular animated program structures. These structures (called actors) allow parallelism, independence, and optionally, synchronization, so that they can render the full range of the time sequencing of events. Actors are the embodiment of imaginary players in a simulated movie. A type of animated number can be used to drive geometric expressions (nested geometrical operators) with dynamic parameters to produce animated objects. Ideas from programming styles used in current Artificial Intelligence research inspired the design of ASAS, which is in fact an extension to the Lisp programming environment. ASAS was developed in an academic research environment and made the transition to the “real world” of commercial motion graphics production.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128195633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAPQUERY: Data base query language for retrieval of geometric data and their graphical representation","authors":"André Frank","doi":"10.1145/800064.801281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800064.801281","url":null,"abstract":"The storage of geographical data is a growing type of application within data processing. Users want to retrieve parts of the data stored and to have them shown in graphical form. They need an easy and flexible query language to select the data needed and to describe the form of representation. The existing query languages do not suit this purpose without amendments. This paper presents a proposal for adaptation and gives some examples for query formulation. Moreover, it discusses the special problems of graphical input and output.","PeriodicalId":276450,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131940497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}