Chemistry and Physics of Lipids最新文献

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid composition and its impact on structural and dynamic properties of skin membrane","authors":"Diyar Altun ,&nbsp;Per Larsson ,&nbsp;Christel A.S. Bergström ,&nbsp;Shakhawath Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stratum corneum (SC) plays the most important role in the absorption of topical and transdermal drugs. In this study, we developed a multi-layered SC model using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids in equimolar proportions, starting from two different initial configurations. In the first approach, all ceramide molecules were initially in the hairpin conformation, and the membrane bilayers were pre-formed. In the second approach, ceramide molecules were introduced in either the hairpin or splayed conformation, with the lipid molecules randomly oriented at the start of the simulation. The aim was to evaluate the effects of lipid chain length on the structural and dynamic properties of SC. By incorporating ceramides and fatty acids of different chain lengths, we simulated the SC membrane in healthy and diseased states. We calculated key structural properties including the thickness, normalized lipid area, lipid tail order parameters, and spatial ordering of the lipids from each system. The results showed that systems with higher ordering and structural integrity contained an equimolar ratio of ceramides (chain length of 24 carbon atoms), fatty acids with chain lengths ≥ of 20 carbon atoms, and cholesterol. In these systems, strong apolar interactions between the ceramide and fatty acid long acyl chains restricted the mobility of the lipid molecules, thereby maintaining a compact lipid headgroup region and high order in the lipid tail region. The simulations also revealed distinct flip-flop mechanisms for cholesterol and fatty acid within the multi-layered membrane. Cholesterol is mostly diffused through the tail-tail interface region of the membrane and could flip-flop in the same bilayer. In contrast, fatty acids flip-flopped between adjacent leaflets of two bilayers in which the tails crossed the thinner headgroup region of the membrane. To conclude, our SC model provides mechanistic insights into lipid mobility and is flexible in its design and composition of different lipids, enabling studies of varying skin conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between statistical and machine learning methods to detect the hematological indices with the greatest influence on elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol","authors":"Somayeh Ghiasi Hafezi ,&nbsp;Bahareh Behkamal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rashidmayvan ,&nbsp;Marzieh Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mehran Yadegari ,&nbsp;Sahar Ghoflchi ,&nbsp;Amin Mansoori ,&nbsp;Mark Ghamsary ,&nbsp;Gordon Ferns ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Saberi ,&nbsp;Habibollah Esmaily ,&nbsp;Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)s. Furthermore, studies have revealed an association between indices of the complete blood count (CBC) and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CBC parameters and serum levels of LDL.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In a prospective study involving 9704 participants aged 35–65 years, comprehensive screening was conducted to estimate LDL-C levels and CBC indicators. The association between these biomarkers and high LDL-C (LDL-C≥130 mg/dL (3.25 mmol/L)) was investigated using various analytical methods, including Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Neural Network (NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methodologies.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The present study found that age, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), lymphocyte (LYM), PLT-LYM ratio (PLR), PLT-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (PHR), HGB-LYM ratio (HLR), red blood cell count (RBC), Neutrophil-HDL ratio (NHR), and PLT-RBC ratio (PRR) were all statistically significant between the two groups (p&lt;0.05). Another important finding was that red cell distribution width (RDW) was a significant predictor for higher LDL levels in women. Furthermore, in men, RDW-PLT ratio (RPR) and PHR were the most important indicators for assessing the elevated LDL levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found that sex increases LDL-C odds in females by 52.9 %, while age and HCT increase it by 4.1 % and 5.5 %, respectively. RPR and PHR were the most influential variables for both genders. Elevated RPR and PHR were negatively correlated with increased LDL levels in men, and RDW levels was a statistically significant factor for women. Moreover, RDW was a significant factor in women for high levels of HDL-C.</div><div>The study revealed that females have higher LDL-C levels (16 % compared to 14 % of males), with significant differences across variables like age, HGB, HCT, PLT, RLR, PHR, RBC, LYM, NHR, RPR, and key factors like RDW and SII.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid screening of prednisolone acetate adulterants in health foods using colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay","authors":"Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza ,&nbsp;Zixin Huang ,&nbsp;Yimeng Pang ,&nbsp;Ruimin Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiangmei Li ,&nbsp;Sameer D. Pant ,&nbsp;Lin Luo ,&nbsp;Hongtao Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a rapid detection method utilizing colloidal gold immunochromatography (CG-ICA) was developed for the detection of illegally added prednisone acetate in health foods. Initially, the preparation conditions of colloidal gold solution were optimized. The optimal potassium carbonate dosage, antibody diluent type, antibody dosage, probe labeling time, blocking time and BSA dosage were determined. Technical analysis was performed to ensure that the established CG-ICA exhibited satisfactory color development and inhibition rates. Under optimized conditions, the cut-off value of CG-ICA was 250 μg/kg. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 100 %, a false positive rate of 8 %, and a false negative rate of 0, indicating high specificity for prednisone acetate. The results obtained from testing actual samples were consistent with those obtained using LC-MS/MS, thereby verifying the reliability of the developed method. This method offers robust support for the rapid detection of illegally added prednisone acetate in health foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of phosphatidylcholine regioisomerism on lateral segregation of milk sphingomyelin in bilayer membranes","authors":"Md Abdullah Al Sazzad ,&nbsp;Max Lönnfors ,&nbsp;Baoru Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) promotes the lateral phase separation of milk lipids and stabilizes the fat globules in milk. The composition and structures of lipids have a significant impact on physicochemical properties of MFGM, which in turn influences the digestion and absorption of milk lipids. Phospholipids (PL), sphingolipids, and cholesterol are the major lipid constituents of MFGM. While the effects of the head-group and structure of the fatty acids (FAs) on membrane properties are commonly studied, little is known on the impact of PL regioisomerism. The present study investigated the impact of phosphatidylcholine (PC) regioisomerism on lateral segregation of milk-sphingomyelin (milk-SM) as well as the influence on the interaction of milk-SM with ceramide and cholesterol in simulated membrane systems. The regioisomer pairs of four molecular species PC 16:0/18:1n-9, PC 16:0/18:2n-6, PC 16:0/18:3n-3, and PC 16:0/20:4n-6 were included in this study. The lateral segregation was determined using lifetime analysis of <em>trans-</em>parinaric acid (<em>tPA</em>) fluorescence. Thermostability of the domains was detected using steady-state anisotropy of <em>tPA.</em> Our results demonstrated a clear impact of PC regioisomerism on membrane properties. PC regioisomers having the unsaturated FAs at the <em>sn</em>-2 position enhanced the lateral segregation of milk-SM with and without the presence of ceramide and cholesterol compared to the regioiosmers having 16:0 at the <em>sn</em>-2 position. Furthermore, the characteristics i. e. the acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation of <em>sn</em>-2 FA of the PCs had a major impact on the milk-SM gel phase and the intermolecular forces between milk-SM and ceramide/cholesterol. This work is the first investigation showing the effect of PL regioisomerism on milk-SM domains, which might have significant influence on functional properties of MFGM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of polyphenolic dendrimers on biological and artificial lipid membranes","authors":"Marika Grodzicka ,&nbsp;Sylwia Michlewska ,&nbsp;Adam Buczkowski ,&nbsp;Paula Ortega ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier de la Mata ,&nbsp;Maria Bryszewska ,&nbsp;Maksim Ionov","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of dendrimers as nanovectors for nucleic acids or drugs requires the understanding of their interaction with biological membranes. This study investigates the impact of 1st generation polyphenolic carbosilane dendrimers on biological and model lipid membranes using several biophysical methods. While the increase in the z-average size of DMPC/DPPG liposomes correlated with the number of caffeic acid residues included in the dendrimer structure, dendrimers that contained polyethylene glycol chains generated lower zeta potential when interacting with a liposomal membrane. The increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH and TMA-DPH probes incorporated into erythrocyte membranes predicted the ability of dendrimers to affect membrane fluidity in the hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic/polar region of a lipid bilayer. The presence of caffeic acid and polyethylene glycol chains in the dendrimer structure affected the thermodynamical properties of the membrane lipid matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009308424000690/pdfft?md5=fc03e278a85952db1a62e469b5de1cf4&pid=1-s2.0-S0009308424000690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of molecular interaction between intercellular lipid organization in human stratum corneum and terpenes using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction","authors":"Tomonobu Uchino ,&nbsp;Ichiro Hatta ,&nbsp;Michiaki Nakajo ,&nbsp;Yuna Iwano ,&nbsp;Mayuko Okada ,&nbsp;Ryuji Yumoto ,&nbsp;Yasunori Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Kagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stratum corneum (SC) presents certain limitations for topical administration of medication, which can be overcome using penetration enhancers (PEs) such as terpene (TP). The SC is also crucial for maintaining the skin barrier and consists of two lamellar structures: the short periodicity phase (SPP) and long periodicity phase (LPP). In this study, we monitored changes in the X-ray diffraction peaks of the human SC, 30 min after TP application (neroridol, 1,8-cineol, and d-limonene). With the application of nerolidol, no significant changes were observed in the small-angle diffraction peak positions for the lamellar structure of SPP, but the integrated intensity decreased. On the contrary, when applying 1,8-cineole and d-limonene, a lower angle peak shift with broadening of the peak width of SPP diffraction peaks was observed for d-limonene than for 1,8-cineole, and the degree of peak shift and width broadening was greater for d-limonene than for 1,8-cineole. The diffraction peaks of LPP disappeared when 1,8-cineole and d-limonene were applied. These results indicate that the degree of interaction between the SC and TP differs depending on the molecular species, and d-limonene and 1,8-cineole exhibit penetration-enhancing via lamellar structure disruption of both SPP and LPP, immediately after application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 105435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorientation of interfacial water molecules during melting of brain sphingomyelin is associated with the phase transition of its C24:1 sphingomyelin lipids","authors":"Petra Maleš ,&nbsp;Jana Munivrana ,&nbsp;Lea Pašalić ,&nbsp;Barbara Pem ,&nbsp;Danijela Bakarić","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Melting of brain sphingomyelin (bSM) manifests as a broad feature in the DSC curve that encompasses the temperature range of 25 – 45 °C, with two distinguished maxima originating from the phase transitions of two the most abundant components: C24:1 (<em>T</em>_m,1) and C18:0 (<em>T</em>_m,2). While C24:1/C18:0 sphingomyelin transforms from the gel/ripple phase to the fluid/fluid phase, the dynamics of water molecules in the interfacial layer remain completely unknown. Therefore, we carried out a calorimetric (DSC), spectroscopic (temperature-dependent UV-Vis and fluorescence) and MD simulation study of bSM in the absence/presence of Laurdan® (bSM ± L) suspended in Britton-Robinson buffer with three different pH values, 4 (BRB4), 7 (BRB7) and 9 (BRB9), and of comparable ionic strength (<em>I</em> = 100 mM). According to DSC, <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mo>̅</mo></mover></math></span>_{m, 1} (≈ 34.5 °C/≈ 32.1 °C) and <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mo>̅</mo></mover></math></span>_{m, 2} (≈ 38.0 °C/≈ 37.2 °C) of bSM suspended in BRB4, BRB7, and BRB9 in the absence/presence of Laurdan® are found to be practically pH-independent. Turbidity-based data (UV-Vis) detected both qualitative and quantitative differences in the response of bSM suspended in BRB4/BRB7/BRB9 (<span><math><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mo>̅</mo></mover></math></span>_m: ∼ 35 °C/32.0 ± 0.2 °C/36.4 ± 0.4), suggesting an intricate interplay of weakening of van der Waals forces between their hydrocarbon chains and of increased hydration in the polar headgroups region during melting. The temperature-dependent response of Laurdan® reported a discontinuous, pH-dependent change in the reorientation of interfacial water molecules that coincides with the melting of C24:1 lipids (on average, <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mo>̅</mo></mover></math></span>_{m (LTC/HTC)}: ≈ 31.8 °C/30.6 °C/30.5 °C). MD simulations elucidated the impact of Laurdan® on a change in the physicochemical properties of bSM lipids and characterized the hydrogen bond network at the interface at 20 °C and 50 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanodisc assembly from bacterial total lipid extracts","authors":"Trent R. Llewellyn ,&nbsp;Olivia R.C. Pimentel ,&nbsp;Kiersten D. Lenz,&nbsp;Makaela M. Montoya,&nbsp;Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanodiscs are discoidal lipoproteins that have often been used as vehicles to study membrane proteins in their native configuration. Nanodiscs have been primarily made from synthetic lipids. However, nanodiscs also offer a format by which native lipids can be studied in their natural configuration. Here, we present a method to synthesize nanodiscs from bacterial total lipid extracts using the biothreat agent, <em>Yersinia pestis,</em> as a proof-of-concept. The creation of nanoparticles entirely composed of bacterial lipids supports membrane characterization and vaccine antigen discovery without the inherent safety concerns associated with live bacterial cells of this Tier 1 select agent pathogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009308424000501/pdfft?md5=fd7f79862b351006b46d2feb143ed5e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0009308424000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-targeted mechanism for amphiphilic vitamin C compounds as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm eradicating agents","authors":"Jessica A. Valdivia Pérez ,&nbsp;Natalia E. Nocelli ,&nbsp;Jeremías Bustos ,&nbsp;María Laura Antonio ,&nbsp;Andrea Smania ,&nbsp;Raquel V. Vico ,&nbsp;María Laura Fanani","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections and its biofilm removal is an important concern in health care management. Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> is responsible for severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. The extensive use of disinfectants against biofilms has led to negative environmental impacts. Developing new and more potent biofilm eradication agents with minimal detrimental effects on human and environmental health is currently on the agenda. The alkyl esters of L-ascorbic acid (ASCn) are antioxidant amphiphiles, which show antimicrobial capacity against methicillin-sensitive and resistant <em>S. aureus</em> strains. ASC12 and ASC14 formulations are able to kill the persister cells of the deepest layers of the biofilm. We tested the hypothesis that the antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity found for the ASCn emerges from a combined effect of its amphiphilic and their redox capacity. This mechanism appears related to: I) a larger diffusion capacity of the ASC12 micelles than ASC14 and ASC16 microstructures; II) the neutralization of the ASCn acid hydroxyl when the amphiphile reaches the surface of an anionic surface, followed by a rapid insertion; III) the disruption of cell membrane by alteration of membrane tension and structure and IV) ASCn accumulation in the cell membrane or biofilm extracellular matrix surfaces, reducing functional chemical groups and affecting its biological function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphatidylserine: A comprehensive overview of synthesis, metabolism, and nutrition","authors":"Mudassar Hussain ,&nbsp;Imad Khan ,&nbsp;Muneeba Naseer Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Khubaib Ali ,&nbsp;Anam Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Bangzhi Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuechao Pan ,&nbsp;Jijie Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}