Chemistry and Physics of Lipids最新文献

{"title":"Effect of gramicidin A on the constant tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles and the underlying mechanisms","authors":"Mir Jubair Ahamed ,&nbsp;Tawfika Nasrin ,&nbsp;Zarin Tasnim Rakhy ,&nbsp;Md. Masum Billah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gramicidin A (GrA), a well-known ionophore, plays a significant role in modifying the biophysical properties of membranes. However, its mechanism of action in influencing rupture kinetics of vesicles and the stability of membranes under constant mechanical tension remains unclear. To investigate this, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of DOPG and DOPC phospholipids, with varying molar fractions of GrA (ranging from 0 % to 5 %), were synthesized using the natural swelling method. These GUVs were then subjected to mechanical tension using the micropipette aspiration technique. The rupture kinetics were assessed by quantifying the fraction of intact vesicles over time under a fixed mechanical tension, allowing the determination of the rupture rate constant. The results revealed a non-monotonic effect of GrA on membrane rupture: at low concentrations (up to 1 % GrA), GUVs exhibited increased structural stability, while at higher concentrations (1–5 % GrA), rupture probability significantly increased. Additionally, the area compressibility modulus of the GUV membranes was evaluated, showing that GrA incorporation led to alterations in membrane elasticity. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which GrA modulates membrane integrity under mechanical stress, offering valuable implications for biophysical studies of ionophore-lipid interactions and membrane stability in biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of water in the responsiveness of lipid membranes: Application of non-equilibrium thermodynamics","authors":"E. Anibal Disalvo,&nbsp;Jimena del P. Cejas,&nbsp;Agustín González Paz,&nbsp;María de los A. Frías","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenological description of a lipid membrane within the frame of the interphase model in which membrane is a bidimensional solution of hydrated lipids allows to make compatible the membrane theory and Ling hypothesis by considering the physical chemical properties of the aqueous lipid interphase.</div><div>The membrane suffers mechanical stress inducing changes in hydration and changes in composition. These conditions affect the amount of labile active water propense to response to bioeffectors. This behavior is properly described with the approach of thermodynamic of irreversible processes in which the membrane is an open system and is in a metastable state propense to react due to bioeffectors in the adjacent aqueous solution. In terms of this analysis, the hydration shell is inert to bioeffectors and the response of the membrane is given by the excess of water that is labile and osmotically exchangeable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location and dynamics of astaxanthin in the membrane","authors":"José Villalaín","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid recognized for its strong antioxidant bioactive function, and it has been used in the prevention of heart disease, inflammation, neurological disorders, scavenger of environmental produced free radicals and as an anti-aging and anti-cancer biomolecule. ASX is a long lipophilic molecule with two terminal relatively polar rings connected by a long hydrophobic chain. This work describes the dynamics, orientation, location and interactions of ASX in a complex biomembrane. In water, ASX form high-order aggregates where the molecules are joined together by the hydrophobic chain. Depending on the number of ASX molecules, the aggregates can have different structures and the polar groups positioned superficially contacting the solvent. ASX molecules are not able to insert themselves into the membrane, forming high-order aggregates quickly. In the membrane, ASX molecules do not aggregate, remaining all time in the monomeric state. ASX is capable of reaching both membrane surfaces, one at a time. The ASX molecules form an approximate angle of 20º with respect to the membrane perpendicular and it is inserted between the phospholipid hydrocarbon chains, increasing slightly the membrane fluidity. ASX is readily miscible with membrane phospholipids and its location within the membrane is suited for its potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, since ASX has two polar groups at both ends, the molecule can function in a wide range of depths. ASX is therefore perfectly suited for its antioxidant task in the membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between lactic acid bacteria and bile acids: Molecular and biophysical insights","authors":"A.Y. Bustos ,&nbsp;M.P. Taranto","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic interactions between microbes and host are essential to stimulate the immune system, maintain intestinal homeostasis, and prevent pathogen colonization. In recent decades lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have received attention due to their probiotic potential and their impact on gut microbiota and host health. This paper aims to review the main molecular mechanisms by which bile acids (BA) modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota and bacterial viability, with special emphasis on the effect on LAB. The results discussed here suggest that the BA disorganize the structure of the bacterial cell wall, modify their surface properties, their adhesion capacity and compromise the integrity of the membranes, with loss of essential ions and nutrients. They then enter the cell interior, at rates that depend on their hydrobicity. There, they dissociate, causing intracellular acidification and dissipation of membrane potential. This leads to a deficiency in the biological energy needed for critical processes, leading to cell death at high concentrations. In addition, BA causes alteration and oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids. The extent of damage caused by BA is influenced by their structure, physicochemical properties—particularly hydrophobicity—and concentration. The response of LAB depends on both their intrinsic and adaptive mechanisms. Advancing research on these interactions represents a new frontier, enabling the development of strategies to modulate intestinal microbiota composition, ultimately benefiting human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid membrane composition modulates Hinokitiol's effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts","authors":"Beata Wyżga ,&nbsp;Kamil Kamiński ,&nbsp;Kinga Głowacka ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Hąc-Wydro","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a natural antimicrobial agent used in cosmetics. The aim of presented studies was to gain insight into the interactions of hinokitiol with lipids in model membranes and to correlate this with the selective effect of hinokitiol on cells. To reach this goal, the toxicity of hinokitiol was evaluated using keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, and studies were performed on lipid monolayers (both one component and mixed systems). During investigations the surface pressure - area measurements, penetration studies and Brewster angle microscopy experiments were done. The analysis of the parameters calculated from the experimental data and the comparison of BAM images evidenced that, at membrane – related surface pressure, hinokitiol does not insert into model keratinocyte and fibroblast membranes and its impact on these systems is very weak. This important conclusion correlates with the <em>in vitro</em> experiments. The results for one component systems evidenced that the effect of hinokitiol on mammalian lipid films depends on the monolayer organisation and the lipid structure (especially the lipid polar head). In consequence, the type and proportion of lipids determines the effect of hinokitiol on the mixed films. The latter corroborates with the differences in the influence of hinokitiol on bacteria compared to mammalian lipids. It was concluded that hinokitiol exhibits selective activity toward bacterial cells compared to mammalian cells and their corresponding model membranes. Thus, the predominance of hinokitiol's antibacterial properties over its toxicity to skin cells may therefore be related to interactions of this compound with membrane lipids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: A comprehensive review of two decades of advancements","authors":"Pooja Tiwary ,&nbsp;Krishil Oswal ,&nbsp;Ryan Varghese ,&nbsp;Harsh Anchan ,&nbsp;Pardeep Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men, with a staggering 1.5 million new cases and 350,000 deaths reported globally in 2022. Conventional treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and hormonal therapy, often encounter significant challenges such as systemic toxicity and diminished efficacy, particularly in the advanced stages of the disease. Treatment of prostate cancer remains a formidable challenge because of the poor water solubility of many chemotherapeutic agents, which severely limits their bioavailability. However, the rise of targeted therapies has catalyzed the development of innovative drug delivery systems designed to enhance the bioavailability and precision of therapeutic agents. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are a promising solution that can effectively encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and genetic materials. Their unique attributes, such as biocompatibility, controlled release profile, and customizable surface properties, make them advantageous alternatives to conventional treatment strategies, effectively addressing the inherent limitations of prostate cancer therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To provide the context, relevant publications were searched on Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Dimension AI, and EBSCO Host using specific keywords such as controlled drug release, cationic surfactants, drug delivery, drug loading, drug encapsulation lipid, prostate cancer, surface modification, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), tumor microenvironment, to list a few. We did not add any limits to the publication date during the inclusion of papers. However, it is noteworthy that the initial reports including the aforementioned keywords have been published starting from 2010.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SLNs demonstrate substantial potential as effective nanocarriers for precise delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and genetic materials to prostate cancer cells. Their targeted delivery to these cells by surface modification with suitable ligands, antigens, peptides, and other recognition molecules has enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Further research on the interaction of SLN with the tumor environment is imperative to fully comprehend the uptake pathways. Extensive translation and preclinical studies are required to determine the safety and efficacy of SLNs before their use in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detergent-resistant membranes in HeLa cells. A comparative study with an electrochemical and lipidomic perspective","authors":"Anastasie Mateckaja ,&nbsp;Martina Zatloukalová ,&nbsp;Gabriel Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Richard Masař ,&nbsp;Lukáš Najdekr ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Dostál ,&nbsp;Vlastimil Dorčák ,&nbsp;Jan Vacek","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two procedures are compared for the isolation of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the HeLa model cell line. The isolation was based on application of Triton X-100 followed by 4 or 18 h ultracentrifugation in sucrose (5–42.5, % <em>w</em>) or Optiprep™ (10–25, % <em>w</em>) gradients. In the fractions obtained, the total amount of protein, cholesterol, and free thiols was evaluated using spectrophotometry. Increased protein as well as free thiol contents were demonstrated in higher density fractions. In contrast, the highest cholesterol levels were observed in light or medium heavy fractions with a low proportion of sucrose or Optiprep, especially after 18 h of centrifugation. For the sucrose gradient, we used voltammetric determination of the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at the Hg-electrode for individual fractions. The catalytic response, expressed as the height of the presodium wave, increased from light to heavy fractions corresponding to the protein content and/or other catalytically active species. The size of the DRMs or their associates ranged from 20 to 1000 nm, independently of the isolation protocol used. Proteins typically associated with DRMs such as caveolin and flotillin and characteristic for light and medium heavy gradient fractions, were determined using immunochemistry. We studied the subcellular localization of caveolin, flotillin, raftlin and transferrin, a control protein found intracellularly in the cytoplasm. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the presence of caveolin and flotillin in the cytoplasmic membrane of HeLa cells. Raftlin was identified in both the membrane, and as part of the cell nucleus. We also performed untargeted lipidomic LC-MS analysis of the individual fractions of sucrose ultracentrifugation gradient obtained after 18 h. The predominant lipid subclasses were phosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerols. Apart from cholesterol and its ester, the rest of identified lipid classes was similar to that found in full HeLa cell lysates. The presented findings could be important for interpreting interlaboratory results and may be used as a guide for further studies on DRMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the phase behaviour of fully-hydrated dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes","authors":"Chi Long Chan ,&nbsp;Divya Malia ,&nbsp;Miguel Paez-Perez ,&nbsp;Laurent Sagalowicz ,&nbsp;Olivier Schafer ,&nbsp;Robert V. Law ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Brooks ,&nbsp;John M. Seddon","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the lyotropic phase behaviour of fully-hydrated mixtures of α-tocopherol (α-toc) with the unsaturated phospholipid dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), as studied by synchrotron small-angle x-ray diffraction. Increasing amounts of α-toc progressively swell the layer spacing of the fluid lamellar L_α phase of DOPC, and then induce a transition to an inverse hexagonal H_II phase. Low-resolution electron density profiles show that this increase is largely due to an increased thickness of the bilayer, with little change in the water layer thickness. In the range 30 – 50 mol% α-toc, additional weak low-angle peaks were observed, whose characteristic ratios are in agreement with the presence of swollen inverse bicontinuous cubic phases of spacegroups Im3m / Pn3m. This research has applications both in the biological field and for industrial product development. We show that the effect of α-toc addition in DOPC membranes has some similarities to that of cholesterol by stabilizing inverse curvature structures, which play crucial roles in cell division, membrane trafficking and endocytosis. Concerning industrial applications, the stabilization of inverted hexagonal (H_II) and swollen bicontinuous cubic phases offers the opportunity to develop new delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale dynamics in model phospholipid biomembranes probed by muon spin resonance spectroscopy: The effects of membrane composition and temperature on acyl chain and cholesterol motion","authors":"Iain McKenzie ,&nbsp;Mitchell DiPasquale ,&nbsp;Maksymilian Dziura ,&nbsp;Thomas Gutberlet ,&nbsp;Nathan A. Hartwig ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Karner ,&nbsp;Robert Scheuermann ,&nbsp;Drew Marquardt","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical properties of lipid bilayers are known to depend on their composition, but there has recently been controversy about whether cholesterol (chol) does or does not stiffen biomembranes containing unsaturated phospholipids. Herein, avoided level crossing muon spin resonance (ALC-<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>SR) spectroscopy has been used to probe the local dynamics in model biomembranes composed of the saturated phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), the unsaturated phospholipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and the sterol chol. The presence of chol significantly stiffens the acyl chains in lipid mixtures as evident from the reduction of the amplitude of restricted reorientational motion in the acyl chain at the C<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-C₁₀ position and the increase of the torsional barrier for rotation about the bonds in the acyl chain. Swapping POPC for DOPC slightly increases the amplitude of restricted reorientational motion and decreases the torsional barrier of the acyl chains, but the magnitude of the effect is much smaller than the inclusion of chol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different propensity to oxidation and responses to compression of unsaturated mono- and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol Langmuir monolayers: Possible role of polymorphic transitions in lipid phase in the context of energy-converting membranes","authors":"S. Benamara ,&nbsp;I. Sbartai ,&nbsp;H. Sbartai ,&nbsp;F. Moroté ,&nbsp;T. Cohen-Bouhacina ,&nbsp;C. Grauby-Heywang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2025.105506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) are the main lipids present in thylakoids, site of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. In this work we are interested in the behavior of highly unsaturated MGDG and DGDG, studied by surface pressure measurements. Compression isotherms of these lipids show that they are able to form Langmuir monolayers, remaining in liquid expanded phase during all the compression. However, measurements at constant surface pressure and compression modulus suggest that these monolayers are not stable, even if increasing the number of spread molecules seems to increase the stability, with a particularly noticeable effect in the case of MGDG as compared to DGDG. Monolayers are then transferred on mica supports and resulting Langmuir-Blodgett films are imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy. Images and height profiles reveal the presence of thicker areas showing that some molecules are ejected outside the monolayer’s plane, with a higher propensity in the case of MGDG monolayers. We discuss these results taking into account two mechanisms, which may occur jointly: the oxidation of lipid hydrophobic chains and the desorption of lipids from the interface. The desorption amplitude would be higher in the case of MGDG, due to its propensity to organize in non-bilayer nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":275,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}