JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION最新文献_第10页

The Relationship between Settlement and Homophily of Perceived Well-being among Permanent Residents and Newcomers 常住居民与新移民定居与幸福感同质性的关系

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.55

Sugito Haba, K. Onitsuka, S. Hoshino, Natsuki Shimizu

{"title":"The Relationship between Settlement and Homophily of Perceived Well-being among Permanent Residents and Newcomers","authors":"Sugito Haba, K. Onitsuka, S. Hoshino, Natsuki Shimizu","doi":"10.2750/arp.39.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2750/arp.39.55","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to ascertain the relationship between homophily (in a sense of perceived well-being) and settlement, using a case study of Achi village in Nagano prefecture, Japan based on a 2011 survey and follow-up interviews. Achi village consists of eight areas. One of these areas, Seinaiji, had an increased population projection while the other seven areas showed a decline. In 2011, the Achi Development Public Corporation conducted an intensive questionnaire survey of all households in the village to facilitate the development of local policy regarding village public services, industrial development and so forth. In 2017-2019, interviews were conducted to obtain qualitative data regarding immigrant and settler relations. Principal component analysis was applied to summarize sense of perceived well-being. Three components were extracted. They were 1) importance of a natural environment and a social base, 2) local activities, and 3) economic well-being. Households were divided into four groups by areas (Seinaiji area/ the other areas) and length of residence (short-term; up to 5 years / long-term; 5 years or more) and the average values of the component scores were then cross-compared. Comparing the average component scores among the four groups, three points can be derived. Firstly, newcomers in Seinaiji have similar well-being values to long-term residents, perhaps because of contact with long-term residents prior to migration. Secondly, newcomers in other areas have different well-being values to long-term residents, perhaps because of a lack of contact with long-term residents prior to migration. Thirdly there is a probability communication between residents and newcomers changed the sense of well-being similarly within each of the two groups. This may be conditional upon factors to be ascertained through further research. It is proposed these results hold some implications for rural in-bound settlement policy for newcomers.","PeriodicalId":272722,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122558005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Future of the Fishing Settlement through the Fishery Successor Center Project in Ishinomaki City 通过石卷市渔业继承中心项目探讨渔业聚落的未来

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.43

Nobutake Sato, M. Kaijima, T. Hasegawa

{"title":"The Future of the Fishing Settlement through the Fishery Successor Center Project in Ishinomaki City","authors":"Nobutake Sato, M. Kaijima, T. Hasegawa","doi":"10.2750/arp.39.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2750/arp.39.43","url":null,"abstract":"三陸沿岸漁村に甚大な被害を与えた東日本大震災から 9年の歳月が経過した。東日本大震災は家屋や水産資源に直接的な被害を生み出したのみならず,人口の流出に伴う集落の急速な過疎化や水産業従事者数の激減といった人的資源にも大きな影響を与えた。東日本大震災の最大被災地の一つである宮城県石巻市の半島部は,世界三大漁場の一つである金華山沖を目の前に持つ好漁場で,古くから漁業で栄えてきた。豊かな漁場をもち,かつ,養殖業にも適した入り組んだリアス式海岸の地形を有する。現在は養殖業を営む個人経営体が多く,各経営体の水揚げ金額は日本全国を見ても相対的に高い。しかしながら,常に危険を伴う過酷な労働環境ゆえに,後継者が少なく高齢化が進行している産業でもある。特に,機械化が進む前の重労働を経験している高齢世帯は,息子や娘には海とは違う仕事を勧め,結果として石巻市街地などに子供が移り住んだ世帯も多い。そのため,図 1に示すように,石巻市の漁業従事者数は, 震災前から緩やかな減少を続けていた。このような状況の中沿岸漁村を襲った東日本大震災により,石巻市の漁業従事者数は,更に半減することになった。津波で水産資材を失った高齢世帯の中には,長期化する高台移転事業により沿岸部での自宅再建を諦めたものも多い。市街地の子世帯に同居し,「通いの漁師」になるものもいれば, そもそも漁業の再建を諦めたものもいる。更に,図 2に示すように,自らを奮い立たせ漁業を再建した漁業従事者のうち,後継者を有するものはそのうち約 1/3 となっている。世界三大漁場の好漁場をもつ石巻市の水産業従事者が,約 30 年で実に 1/6 まで減少していく危険性を孕んでいる。このような状況に対して,2015 年 10 月より,「石巻市水産業担い手センター事業(以下「担い手事業」という)」が開始された。石巻に拠点を構える(一社)フィッシャーマン・ジャパンと宮城県漁業協同組合,筑波大学および名城大学が連携した産民官学協働の石巻市の事業である。日本全国から水産業に興味のある人々を募集し,地域の担い手として迎え入れるもので,現在までに 30 名の若者が水産業への門戸を叩いている。本稿では, 世襲制が強く新規参入が難しい漁業の分野に新たな可能性を示すこの取り組みを報告する。2章では,産民官学が連携した現状の体制に至るまでの経緯を示し,3章では,具体的な担い手センターの事業内容を示す。4章では,担い手センター事業を通しての展望を示す。","PeriodicalId":272722,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Reproduction Problems and Short-term Projections of Fishing Workers 渔业工人的繁殖问题和短期预测

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.21

Masakazu Yamauchi

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Sharing form in a Fishing Village 渔村共享表格

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.33

Atsunori Miyazaki

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Reform Fishing Policy and Revision of the Fisheries Law 改革渔业政策和修改渔业法

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.11

Masashi Tamahara

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Coming to Live as Ama Divers 以阿玛潜水者的身份来生活

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.47

Mai Yoshimura

引用次数: 1

Multi Functionalization of the Fishing Village and Port Facilities 渔村及港口设施的多功能化

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.29

Shigeki Maeda

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Pre-Disaster Recovery Programs for Fishing Village in Wakayama Prefecture 和歌山县渔村灾前恢复计划

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.39.39

Takayuki Hirata

{"title":"Pre-Disaster Recovery Programs for Fishing Village in Wakayama Prefecture","authors":"Takayuki Hirata","doi":"10.2750/arp.39.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2750/arp.39.39","url":null,"abstract":"和歌山県の漁業は不振が続いている。生産量は 1980 年代の 1/6 に,産出額は 1/4 に落ちている。漁業不振に連動して漁業人口も減っており,1985 年から 2013 年までの 28 年間で,漁業従事者は 4割に,漁業世帯員人数は 1/4 にまで減った。60 歳以上の漁師が約 6割を占めるが,すでに高齢化のピークは過ぎている。漁は北部と南部で大きく異なっている。北部の漁村は瀬戸内海に面しており,シラス・イカ・マダイなどの近海魚を獲る。京都の夏の風物詩のハモや,高級魚として韓国に出荷されるタチウオは和歌山北部で取れたものが多い。小型漁船による底曳網漁業や一本釣り漁業が主流で,家族経営が多く,高齢化も激しい。南海トラフ地震が発生した場合,沿岸の多くは浸水するが,発災から浸水までに 20 分程度の時間があるため,避難することは可能である。南部は黒潮がすぐ近くに流れる太平洋を漁場とし,カツオやマグロ類を対象とした曳縄釣(ケンケン)漁業や延縄漁業,さらに定置網やマグロ養殖,イセエビの刺網漁業や捕鯨など様々な漁業が営まれている。経営体の規模も様々で,観光業と連携した 6次産業化で成果をあげるところも多い。一方,南海トラフ地震の震源に近く,発災数分で 10mを超える津波が到達する想定がされ,復興はもとより避難すら難しいという難題を抱えている。","PeriodicalId":272722,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128644515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Proposal for Systematic Collection and Recording of On-site Knowledge for Disaster Restoration Acquired during Large-Scale Earthquakes 系统收集和记录大地震灾害恢复现场知识的建议

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.2750/arp.38.468

H. Arita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Tatsumi Tomosho, Kunio Ono, Narufumi Fukuyo, M. Nakajima, Y. Uchikawa, Katsumi Chiba, Mototsugu Ochiai, Masaharu Gohko, Takahiro Tamura, T. Hattori

{"title":"Proposal for Systematic Collection and Recording of On-site Knowledge for Disaster Restoration Acquired during Large-Scale Earthquakes","authors":"H. Arita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Tatsumi Tomosho, Kunio Ono, Narufumi Fukuyo, M. Nakajima, Y. Uchikawa, Katsumi Chiba, Mototsugu Ochiai, Masaharu Gohko, Takahiro Tamura, T. Hattori","doi":"10.2750/arp.38.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2750/arp.38.468","url":null,"abstract":": Eventuality is continuous in the restoration work following large-scale earthquake disasters. While the government of ﬁ cials in charge of the restoration work are in a dif ﬁ cult situation, both they and response workers create practical measures and ingenuity, awareness, and lessons learned to solve problems at hand. The authors refer to such wisdom acquired through practical experience as on-site knowledge . Such knowledge tends to be limited to individuals and even small circles of groups, but if it is widely shared among engineers, its effect upon problem-solving potential at disaster restoration sites is great. At present, most on-site knowledge is consumed in a small area and is tends to be forgotten without being recorded. However, since large-scale disasters are highly unique and rare, and because the same conditions are poorly reproducible, active and conscious recording of on-site knowledge is indispensable for appropriate and effective recovery efforts following future disasters. The purpose of this paper is to establish a basic understanding that will lead to the accumulation of on-site knowledge for future use, based on the experience of recording on-site knowledge in the department of agricultural and rural development during disaster restoration following the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011. For this reason, the authors de ﬁ ne on-site knowledge by discussing its characteristics and clarifying its utility in disaster response. In addition, we will present the matters that should be considered in terms of description format and quality control in on-site knowledge documentation. We then propose a method of continuous systematic collection and management.","PeriodicalId":272722,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131236042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Current Activities of Participatory Mapping with Volunteered Geographic Information 参与式地理信息测绘的当前活动

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.2750/ARP.38.460

Toshikazu Seto

{"title":"The Current Activities of Participatory Mapping with Volunteered Geographic Information","authors":"Toshikazu Seto","doi":"10.2750/ARP.38.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2750/ARP.38.460","url":null,"abstract":"2014 年に特集された本誌の特集号「スマートな農山漁村の実現に向けて」の拙稿で紹介したように,こんにちのデジタルデータを基礎とする「地図」の生成段階において,これまで一般的であった政府や公共機関によって公的に測量された地理空間情報のほかに,主に個人の自発的な意志による参加に基づき,インターネットを介して蓄積される「ボランタリーな地理情報 (Volunteered Geographic Information: VGI)」が台頭し始め,ソーシャルメディア等を通した店舗や施設に関する情報共有,道路や建物,土地利用など基盤的な地理空間情報の構築,さらには専門家と市民が一緒に環境モニタリングや生態系調査を行うような,いわゆるシチズン・サイエンスに類する活動なども行われてきた。このような流れの中で拙稿では日本の農山漁村を中心とする中山間地域において,このようなVGI に基づくローカルな取り組みが始まりつつある状況について,幾つかのフィールド事例を紹介した。拙稿から 5年以上が経過し,情報通信技術(ICT)のさらなる進展とともに,機械学習(Machine learning: ML)や深層学習(Deep learning: DL)などの人工知能を中心とする技術革新や,データ面でも大規模化や各種センサーを通したリアルタイム取得などが可能になった。このような急速な発展・展開を背景に,VGI をめぐる環境や社会的状況も大きく変貌を遂げつつある。本報告では,参加型による地図作成について,現在最もグローバルに活動されている「オープンストリートマップ (OpenStreetMap: OSM)を中心に,先端技術等をVGI 的な活動に取り入れた事例を解説する。","PeriodicalId":272722,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115795583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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