{"title":"A Vacuum Multi-Finger Transistor in CMOS Technology","authors":"S. Ghotbi, H. Pajouhi, S. Mohammadi","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442158","url":null,"abstract":"Electron filed emission is the process of emission of electrons from a conductor into the vacuum by means of an applied electric field and has a wide range of applications such as displays, electron guns, scanning electron microscopes, high power microwave amplifiers and micro- and nano-vacuum tubes. Vacuum electronic technology became obsolete by its poor reliability characteristics compared to semiconductor technologies. On the other hand, electrons in vacuum can accelerate to close to the speed of light, leading to potentially ultra-high speed devices if the gap between the emitting electrode (Cathode) and an opposing electrode (Anode) is very small (nanometer scale). In such nano-vacuum transistors [1]–[3], fabrication simplicity and reproducibility, high current density, good reliability characteristics and low cost fabrication are of prime importance. In this paper, a high density array of metallic nano-emitters are designed in a standard 45 nm CMOS technology, and are then post-processed using a simple one-step dry etching technology. No lithography is used in the post-CMOS fabrication. Field emission characteristics of the vacuum transistors have been measured. These devices show well-behaved transistor characteristics and are very promising for low-power high-speed applications.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114544495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ferroelectric Aluminum-Doped Hafnium Oxide for Memory Applications","authors":"Hojoon Ryu, Kai Xu, Ji Guo, Wenjuan Zhu","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442244","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric complex perovskites, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT), and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) have been widely used in ferroelectric devices. However, these traditional ferroelectric materials have a limitation in thickness scaling and are incompatible with CMOS processes. In the last few years, doped metal oxides, including hafnium oxide (Hf02) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2), were found to have ferroelectric phase [1]–[2]. Ferroelectric HfO2 has the advantages of a high coercive field, excellent scalability (down to 2.5nm), and good compatibility with CMOS processing [3]–[7]. In this paper, we systematically investigate Al-doped HfO2 with various electrodes, Al compositions and annealing temperatures. We found that Ti/Pd is a promising candidate as top electrode material for ferroelectric HfO2.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126962756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubhadeep Bhattacharjee, Pranandita Biswas, Swanand V. Solanke, R. Muralidharan, D. Nath, N. Bhat
{"title":"Optoelectronics based on Vertical Transport in Multi-layer MoS2","authors":"Shubhadeep Bhattacharjee, Pranandita Biswas, Swanand V. Solanke, R. Muralidharan, D. Nath, N. Bhat","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442171","url":null,"abstract":"High photon absorption and photoconductive gain observed in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides make them exciting candidates for high performance photodetectors and photovoltaics [1]. However, slow response times and low $mathrm{V}_{mathrm{oc}}$ (open circuit voltage) have hindered the development of reliable optoelectronic devices [1]. Most attempts to mitigate these disadvantages involve fabrication of complex heterostructures [2]–[4], which may render them unfit for large area production. Besides, almost all reports on MeSi-bascd opto-electronics exploit its lateral transport while studies on vertical transport towards detectors and photovoltaics are at an embryonic stage. In this work, we demonstrate that a facile vertical metal/multilaycr-Mo'Sc/rnctal device can be engineered to enable both excellent photodetectors (with high responsivity $> 3mathrm{A}/mathrm{W}$ & good speed ~ 1 ms) OR high $mathrm{V}_{mathrm{oc}}(sim 0.5mathrm{V})$ photovoltaics. We adopt a conscious design strategy of employing vertical instead of lateral transport through multilayer Mos2 as this provides both larger area for photon absorption, as well as short charge transfer length (enabling effective separation) [Fig l(a)].","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128196330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Skierbiszewski, H. Turski, M. Zak, K. Nowakowski-Szkudlarek, G. Muzioł, M. Siekacz, A. Feduniewicz-Żmuda, M. Sawicka
{"title":"Tunnel junctions for two-color nitride light emitting diodes and laser diodes grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy","authors":"C. Skierbiszewski, H. Turski, M. Zak, K. Nowakowski-Szkudlarek, G. Muzioł, M. Siekacz, A. Feduniewicz-Żmuda, M. Sawicka","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442192","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most challenging issues to address in nitride based devices like light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) is poor conductivity of p-type region. Additionally, high resistance of the p-type contact, that is very difficult to reduce, determines performance and influences design of InGaN LEDs and LDs. Recently, there has been increasing attention given to the interband tunnel junctions (TJ) for effective carrier conversion between n-type and p-type material region in nitride LEDs and LDs. It was clearly demonstrated that TJ resistance for wide bandgap semiconductors can be effectively suppressed by making use of the piezoelectric fields in the region of the junction [1]. Low resistance TJ were investigated and realized using GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructures. The MBE technology seems to be more efficient than MOVPE for practical realization of the devices with TJ. For MOVPE it is difficult to activate the p-type conductivity in the (In)GaN:Mg layers which are deeply buried below n-type layers due to the fact that diffusion of hydrogen is completely blocked through n-type layers. Therefore several attempts for hybrid MOVPE/MBE growth was performed and TJ LEDs [2], TJ LDs [3] and TJ VCSELs [4] were shown where active p-i-n region was grown by MOVPE and p-n TJ by MBE. However, the presence of the impurities in the MOVPE p-type surface used for MBE regrowth can deteriorate/limit performance of devices grown by hybrid method.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125130194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Fadi, W. Wei, E. Pallecchi, M. Anderson, J. Stake, M. Deng, S. Frégonèse, T. Zimmer, H. Happy
{"title":"2D RF Electronics: from devices to circuits - challenges and applications","authors":"D. Fadi, W. Wei, E. Pallecchi, M. Anderson, J. Stake, M. Deng, S. Frégonèse, T. Zimmer, H. Happy","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442190","url":null,"abstract":"We developed process technologies dedicated to high frequency graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). We used graphene from different sources (graphene growth directly on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique [1], CVD graphene growth on Cu foil and transferred on Si02/Si substrate [2]) to realize two GFET structures (top gate and back gate transistors). After fabrication, we have explored the high frequency performances of GFETs including noise performances. The performances of GFET achieved are comparable to the state of the art with the gate length. The noise parameters of the transistors are mandatory for circuit design (linear application such as amplifier). These parameters limit the performances of the device when small signals are considered. The effort was made here to measure the noise parameters of GFET $(mathrm{NF}_{min}, mathrm{R}_{mathrm{n}}, Gamma_{mathrm{opt}})$. It is well known that these parameters depend both on intrinsic properties of the graphene material (noise generated in the channel under the gate), as well as extrinsic parameters related to the technological process (mainly noise generated by access resistances, …). Based on the reliability of the process, RF circuits were designed and fabricated. These circuits demonstrated the potential to achieve high performances in the field of linear circuit such as amplifiers, and non-linear circuits such as mixers.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122554297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying the thermal boundary conductance of 2D-substrate interfaces","authors":"C. Foss, Z. Akšamija","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442183","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential for next-generation nano- and opto-electronics [1], [2]. However, heat dissipation and its removal from hot spots in the monolayer remains a critical concern to the design of 2D-based devices [2], [3]. Thermal currents flowing in a atomic layer can either dissipate through source/drain contacts, as in a transistor configuration, or through a supporting substrate via van der Waals (vdW) coupling to it. When a 2D mateiral is supported by a substrate, the interfacial area formed between it and the substrate is often far larger than the lateral source/drain contact area. Thus, it is suspected that the majority of waste heat is removed across the 2D-substrate interface and then via the substrate. Therefore, it is imperative that the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) between the 2D layer and substrate be well characterized for reliable 2D device performance. Herein we tackle the question of selecting the best substrate for each 2D material from the point of view of heat dissipation.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114989430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Room temperature resonant tunneling in metal-insulator-insulator-insulator-semiconductor devices","authors":"J. Reyes, H. Uribe-Vargas","doi":"10.1109/drc.2018.8442151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc.2018.8442151","url":null,"abstract":"High-k dielectrics are widely used in advanced CMOS technology due to a large dielectric constant $(mathrm{k} > 8)$ and low leakage current [1]. On the other hand, resonant tunneling (RT) devices based on one or more insulator layers are attractive devices for nano electronics [2] due to their nonlinear properties, which can be used in high speed applications [3]. Nevertheless, there are still challenges that need to be solved in order for this technology to be a mainstream solution in these applications, like 1) achieving sufficient non-linearity, 2) high asymmetry and 3) low dynamic resistance to achieve high efficiency [4]. Asymmetry is defined as the ratio of the current at positive bias to that at negative bias at certain voltage J+/J–. The dynamic resistance is defined as dV/dI. Non-linearity is defined as the ratio of the static to dynamic resistance (V/I) /(dV/dI), and needs to be greater than about three [4].","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132948302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey A. Smith, H. Takeuchi, R. Stephenson, Yi-Ann Chen, M. Hytha, R. Mears, S. Datta
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of N-Channel Oxygen-Inserted (OI) Silicon Channel MOSFETs with High-K/Metal Gate Stack","authors":"Jeffrey A. Smith, H. Takeuchi, R. Stephenson, Yi-Ann Chen, M. Hytha, R. Mears, S. Datta","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442231","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate CMOS compatible oxygen-inserted Silicon (OI) n-channel MOSFETs with high-K/metal gate stack. Initial results for high-K/metal gate OI transistors show (i) 2.7x lower gate leakage for matched electrical oxide thickness, TOX, E and (ii) 23% increased room temperature electron mobility at 0.6MV/cm Eeff, consistent with previous reports on OISi MOSFETs with SiON/Poly-Si gate stack.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"46 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132031267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junrui Zhang, F. Bellando, M. Rupakula, E. G. Cordero, N. Ebejer, J. Longo, F. Wildhaber, H. Guérin, A. Ionescu
{"title":"CMOS 3D-Extended Metal Gate ISFETs with Near Nernstian Ion Sensitivity","authors":"Junrui Zhang, F. Bellando, M. Rupakula, E. G. Cordero, N. Ebejer, J. Longo, F. Wildhaber, H. Guérin, A. Ionescu","doi":"10.1109/DRC.2018.8442197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRC.2018.8442197","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) has been fabricated using a variety of technologies [1] based on the idea of an ion-sensitive gate. In the effort to bring ISFETs into Point-of-Care applications and wearable products [2], their compatibility with industrial CMOS processes is crucial for realizing miniaturized integrated sensor system. The challenges are high, knowing that it is very difficult to change any processing steps in established CMOS Front-End-of-the-Line. Moreover, the majority of ISFETs fabricated in commercial CMOS processes and reported to date showed low sensitivity, especially when using oxynitrides as sensing gate insulator [3]. In this work, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a post-processed $0.18 mu mathrm{m}$ commercial CMOS chip where the transducing transistor and the sensing gate electrode are vertically co-integrated, resulting a 3D-Extended Metal Gate ISFET (3D-EMG-ISFET). The top electrode is made of Al with an Al2O3 native oxide connected to the transistor gate by using vertical vias. With this approach, a sensitivity of 56.8 mV/pH is achieved. The proposed ISFET is validated as a full-scale pH sensor and it can be fabricated in a non-modified commercial CMOS process.","PeriodicalId":269641,"journal":{"name":"2018 76th Device Research Conference (DRC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132110704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}