Geografie bariér最新文献

{"title":"Brněnský archiv příkladů dobré praxe: proč ne Metodika?","authors":"Pavel Doboš, Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý, Daniel Kaplan, Simona Surmařová, Stanislav Škop","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-9","url":null,"abstract":"The ninth chapter presents Examples of good practice for the creation of accessible urban space, which have been practiced by multiple actors in Brno city under specific circumstances and which can serve as inspiration and motivation for other municipalities in their barrier-free policies and practice. While being the source for inspiration can be their principal goal, another goal is to archive the good practice. The authors start the chapter defining themselves against methods guidelines for barrier-free space; methods are introduced as a certain conceptual tool for strict, systematic and universal creation of barrier-free/accessible space, which can be too binding and less open to eventual changes. On the other hand, Examples of good practice represent a different approach, open to eventual developments, unexpected phenomena and trying to inspire for creation of accessible space everywhere and every time, in pragmatic, unprecedented and diverse ways. As has been indicated above, Methods guides for barrier-free space can be bound by three universalities, which usually prevent experimenting and creativity. Examples of good practice aim to inspire and incent creativity, and thus represent a universal “will” to be creative, unhinged and active. Each example consists of several parts: Illustrative story presenting the barriers and related pitfalls by describing the original situation and the need for intervention; Analysis concentrating on the pitfalls; Suggested solution with a discussion; a Concrete realization in Brno city, showing the concrete process of dealing with the so-far describe accessibility; then Solution limits are presented; Conclusion, which offers insight for future application, and Time axis outlining the whole process from a chronological perspective. Each Example is also documented by photographs showing the original state full of barriers and pitfalls, and the state when a chosen solution has been realized.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politiky zpřístupňování městského prostoru v České republice","authors":"Jana Línová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-5","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth chapter discusses policies and planning of accessible public space. The text works with the approaches of universal design and tactical urbanism and applies them to concrete practical examples. It demonstrates the limits of various space designs and introduces their possible complementarity with the aim to give an overview of practical examples of municipal efforts to make public space accessible. The data collected via semi-structured interviews and the analysis of conceptional and strategic municipal documents in the Czech Republic identified cities (Brno, Olomouc, Pardubice a Praha), which have already institutionalized the agenda of barrier-free space. These cities can be placed on a timescale corresponding to subsequent phases of this institutionalization, with Olomouc being at front (after 18 years of experience with accessibility policies) and Brno, which started to remove barriers systematically only in 2017, at the opposite side. Urban municipalities use diverse tools and define their goals for in strategies and conceptions that serve as guides for multiple working groups. Some of these groups have their own budgets, in which European and state support can be used. The working groups usually belong under one of three types based on their activities: the actual barrier-removing work, conceptional and methodic work and educational work. Most visible results are usually found in public transport (public transport stops, crossings, lowering sidewalk and traffic island curbs, etc.). Strategic and systematic effort in removing barriers, which has been carried out by these four cities, can undoubtedly be an inspiration for other municipalities.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114392368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taktické mapování bariér","authors":"Jakub S Trojan, T. Krejčí, Eva Nováková, Robert Osman","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-7","url":null,"abstract":"The seventh chapter focuses on an illustrative demonstration of the application of tactical urbanism and tactical mapping on the example of the city of Brno. Here we used six related tactics. First, in cooperation with the Advisory Board for a Barrier-Free Brno, we identify the types of spaces of priority interest. Then (also in cooperation with the Brno City Advisory Board for Accessibility) we prioritize places and institutions that are key for people with disability. In the third tactic, we identify the spatial concentrations of these priority places (in order to identify priority areas). We then identify barriers in the prioritized areas through field research and categorize these into several classes. We then subject each barrier to an assessment of how challenging it is to remove - either in terms of the nature of the barrier or through the lens of ownership/management of the barrier. In the final sixth tactic, we design comprehensive barrier-free routes connecting priority institutions and focusing on removing precisely those barriers that would provide the greatest \"benefit\" (i.e., most help to make the route more accessible) in the spirit of tactical urbanism. The design of the tactical mapping process is not one-size-fits-all and openly deals with dead ends. For example, it has been shown that it is not necessary to use sophisticated instruments to successfully describe the nature of barriers (but a common smart phone will suffice) or that barriers cannot be narrowed down to point objects, but we must also work with linear barriers (such as missing guide lines, warning strips, etc.). It is also important to have a broader interdisciplinary team involved in tactical mapping - in addition to social geographers and cartographers, this includes barrier specialists (so that barriers in space can be clearly identified) and public administration representatives who are in charge of accessibility. However, it should be taken into account that this is an illustrative example working in a specific city. Although we expect that the transferability can be high (especially to similarly sized cities), it is important to utilize the methodology for the realities and needs of a particular settlement. The purpose of anchoring our methodological approach in Brno is to provide guidance on where to start and how to approach the mapping. The resulting implementation is then always personalized for the specific city.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tvorba sofwaru pro veřejnou správu","authors":"Jan Martínek, L. Suchá, Stanislav Škop","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-8","url":null,"abstract":"The eighth chapter focuses on pitfalls in the development of software services for public administration. The contemporary standard for services is agile process, which helps to lower the risks connected to a more traditional model of project (waterfall) management of technological projects. First, the chapter shows the specifics of agile development in the context of public services, and then it introduces a unique work on the development of an information system, a website and an interface for suggestions for the Brno City Advisory Board for Accessibility. In the development of this software, multiple tensions arose – such as those stemming from the discrepancy between the strategic organizational direction and actual available capacity for such technology developments, the discrepancy between good practice and the possibilities of the contracting authority, and finally, tensions between time and sources, a limited project and the agile process development. Using examples of these tensions, the chapter illustrates its main thesis that the factors of a successful technological project do not so much depend on technology, as on the strategies compensating such tensions, on the overall project organization and the composition of its team.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128453511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navrhování digitální přístupnosti měst","authors":"L. Suchá, Jan Martínek, Stanislav Škop","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-4","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth chapter outlines the context and methods for designing accessible, usable, and useful urban services. Digital services are introduced as an integral part of city services, connecting urban infrastructure with the services of a city (an example of digital urban service in the context of removing barriers can be accessibility maps). At the beginning, methods that help municipalities to design better services are presented, focusing on the digital aspect and being part of so-called human-centered design or design thinking. Special attention is devoted to dual diamond method, characterized by combination of methods to be able to better determine and analyze the needs of potential users, and to create and test the developing design. Involvement of future users is of key importance not only in the preparatory phase, but also through participative design and user-oriented evaluation. As the methods are very broad, it is necessary to include representatives of various skills and multidisciplinary perspectives. The chapter also offers three criteria for evaluating good public digital services – accessibility, usability, and usefulness. Each of these concepts is discussed in more detail, in order to equip the readers with the cues to their own evaluation. At the very end, the chapter offers a critical summary of contemporary approaches to design, taking into account – among others – also the perspective of people with disability.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geografie bariér","authors":"Robert Osman, Hana Porkertová, Veronika Kotýnková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-1","url":null,"abstract":"The first chapter of the book has multiple goals. It introduces the topics and the chosen title Geography of Barriers and discusses why it is important to study it. It shows how the above-mentioned accessibility of space, services and information depends on various types of barriers. Their influence on policies of accessibility in public space frames the whole book. Thinking about barriers is not limited to the dimension of streets or squares, but considers the broader meaning of barriers: in public buildings, institutions, services, websites, information systems, applications, etc. A barrier does not have to be material, it can be of social, communication, or technological nature. Our book distinguishes among three types of barriers. The first type is represented by those annoying material high curbs, missing guide, unlabeled earthwork, etc. – i.e., the barriers of our everyday life. When talking about examples of removing the first type of barriers, we already consider the second type – so-called political barriers one encounters in the introduction of policies of accessibility. The last type of barriers is devoted only peripheral attention, being represented by so-called post-socialist barriers, i.e., barriers stemming from the meaning of disability in a post-socialist society. All three types of barriers and their implications for establishing policies of accessibility in the Czech Republic are gradually introduced. This chapter also outlines the following chapters, their authors and their diverse approaches to disability. It offers a guide to the whole book, its structure, the language it uses, and explains various highlights and frames, inviting the readers to open the volume.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Budování strategie přístupnosti města","authors":"Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-6","url":null,"abstract":"The sixth chapter describes the making of a concrete document for a designated time, i.e., the Strategic plan for gradual removal of barriers in 2021–2030, which was created for the Brno City Advisory Board for Accessibility. The authors chose to introduce it via the perspective of a dialogic space that enables to organize the procedure composed from a variety of voices, opinions, and arguments. The heteroglossia metaphor is exemplified by the concept of “carnival” of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, when “strangers” speaking in different “voices” are brought together. At the beginning, there were activities by several individuals mostly from NGO and academic environment, who started to integrate and institutionalize accessibility policies. For the latter, political support of established actors was necessary, and thanks to it, the above-mentioned Advisory Board was founded. Therefore, the positions of the bursar and the chair of the board are labeled “victorious voices” in our “carnival”. Subsequently, the semi-structured interviews tried to determine visions, attitudes and priorities of all involved persons, namely “the voices of Advisory board members”. Their strategic plan defined target groups, on whom the accessibility policies would focus (senior citizens, parents with strollers, wheelchair users and people with sight or hearing impairment). At the same time, the “legislative voices” needed to be respected, which were to ensure accessibility for all social groups. The principles of tactical urbanism were used to make space accessible within functional wholes and according to societal needs. The final document was also influenced by the “voices of users” that helped to identify spaces, which should be prioritized. Our “voices of producers” had a dominant influence over the working draft of all three parts of the document (analysis, suggestions, and implementation). What appeared to be of crucial importance, was the definition of individual goals, measures and activities leading to the realization of the vision (processional, realization and educational priorities in the document). The process of creation also allowed “expert voices”, who modelled the final form of the document in meetings and workshops. Last but not least, “voices of approval“ (namely, the city council and municipality) took part in the process that authorized the strategic plan and rounded off more than three years of its complex construction.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"59 14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134142760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studia postižení","authors":"Hana Porkertová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-2","url":null,"abstract":"The second chapter talks about the development of disability studies and its key points such as the intersection of activism and academia, the social model of disability, or interconnection of various disciplines. The ways of thinking about ability, disability, normal and abnormal bodies and people, are highly formed by the society – by education, media, expert and lay discourses ranging from medicine to social policy – and influence how cities, streets and houses are designed. Therefore, the aim of disability studies is to change the discourses and modes of behavior so that they are more inclusive. The chapter discusses beginnings of this field at the interconnections of activism and academia, and its difficult position in the Czech Republic, where it is not an established major at any university. Here, especially the public discourse revolves around the medical model of disability that sees the core of the problem in one’s impairment, instead of focusing on disabling processes leading to discrimination, which the social model of disability, pivotal for disability studies, does. However, the chapter also discusses various critiques of the social model. It tends to unify disability and thus overlooks individual differences, as well as differences between diverse regions. As a reaction to these critiques, critical disability studies were established at the beginning of 21st century. They raise questions about relevance of some older concepts and premises of disability studies in the postmodern world and late capitalism. Critical disability studies challenge the very differentiation between normality and abnormality and at the related binaries on which disability is built. Departing from the humanist perspective of the social model, CDS adopt a posthumanist perspective abandoning the notion of an independent, autonomous, Subject. They focus on interconnectivity of the social and the material, the human and the nonhuman, the organic and the inorganic. Instead of the “capability and usability of the body,” critical disability studies ask about the meanings of “ability and disability.”","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129229834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geografie znevýhodnění","authors":"Robert Osman","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021-3","url":null,"abstract":"This third chapter offers a Czech introduction to a subdiscipline of social geography – disability geography, its development and main research topics. It also grounds the whole book and our project in a broader thinking about the relationship between space and the body. In between the general beginning towards a concrete ending of this book, it turns our attention from the study of disability to space and shows how space participates on social disadvantage and this disadvantage is inscribed in space. The chapter focuses on the interactions of diverse bodies with diverse space and notices, what these interactions enable and what they disable, and how certain spaces participate in dis/abling and enabling of certain bodies. The question resonating through the whole book is “how space participates on disadvantaging of our bodies”, or “how diversity of our bodies translates into the form of space”? The chapter is divided into two parts; the first one discusses geography of disability and tries to show how discussions within disability studies are transferred with some delay into disability geography, where they interact with the research on space. The second part is devoted to three selected examples of space experience: the experience of people with physical impairment, the experience of people with sight impairment and the experience of „d/Deaf“ people. Each of the examples discusses two or three broader topics that have represented or might represent key research streams of the respective spatial experience. Thus, first example introduces research on space accessibility and everyday experience of wheelchair users, the example of people with sight impairment mentions imagining space, and the influence of assistive technologies and weather on experience with space, and the example of “d/Deaf” people comments on identity research, DeafSpace, and virtual space. The end of the chapter connects the two parts and concludes by presenting the phases of disability geography that study the mentioned topics.","PeriodicalId":267154,"journal":{"name":"Geografie bariér","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}