Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical duplex LAMP on single carbon electrodes for the real-time detection of bacterial wound infections","authors":"Dominic Kleinknecht ,&nbsp;Martin Trotter ,&nbsp;Cornelia Keß ,&nbsp;Judith Sum ,&nbsp;Kilian Eyerich ,&nbsp;Stefanie Hübner ,&nbsp;Ioannis Athanasiou ,&nbsp;Dimitra Kiritsi ,&nbsp;Nadine Borst ,&nbsp;Felix von Stetten ,&nbsp;Andreas Schreiber","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiplexed detection at the point-of-care remains challenging when sample volumes are limited, and robust multiplexing methods within a single reaction cavity are lacking. Electrochemical detection of loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) reactions is a promising approach to make sensitive, miniaturized molecular diagnostics available at the point-of-care. Emerging probe-based LAMP methodologies have adopted universal designs that increase analytical specificity and significantly simplify the development process. However, these approaches are limited to the detection of only one target per working electrode. Here we introduce duplex multiplexing on a single electrode using generic surface probes and methylene blue and anthraquinone redox labels to overcome this limitation, thereby expanding the electrochemical mediator displacement (eMD) LAMP toolbox. The <em>uidA E. coli</em> housekeeping gene and the <em>CTX-M1</em> antibiotic resistance gene found in ESBL <em>E. coli</em> are both successfully detected in singleplex down to 10 CFUs per reaction and show semi-quantitative amplification signals. Our novel electrochemical real-time LAMP assays show equal sensitivity and similar time-to-positive as their optical counterparts while improving the signal-to-noise ratio for the used primer sets. The combined duplex LAMP detects both targets within 40 min, and its clinical matrix compatibility was preliminarily validated using five clinical wound swab samples. The duplex LAMP specifically detects the <em>E. coli</em>–positive sample in presence of eleven other wound-associated bacterial species. Our label-based real-time multiplexing approach doubles the detection capabilities per working electrode and presents the first real-time probe-based electrochemical signal-on duplex LAMP detection, paving the way for miniaturized sample-to-answer point-of-care devices with an increased degree of multiplexing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What could go wrong? Promoting success by planning for failure in label-free biosensor assay development","authors":"Sajida Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Samantha M. Grist ,&nbsp;Avineet Randhawa ,&nbsp;Maggie Wang ,&nbsp;Karyn Newton ,&nbsp;Lauren S. Puumala ,&nbsp;Yuting Hou ,&nbsp;Lukas Chrostowski ,&nbsp;Sudip Shekhar ,&nbsp;Karen C. Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Label-free biosensors offer powerful platforms for detecting molecular interactions, but developing robust assays on these systems presents several challenges due to the complexity of the testing systems and intersection of disciplines. In this work, we describe a lightweight, 3-step experimental workflow supporting troubleshooting and root cause analysis that we developed during the design and optimization of silicon photonic biosensor assays in an academic research setting. Because such environments often lack the resources and formal quality-management infrastructure available in industry, our approach emphasizes practicality and ease of adoption. Drawing from our own assay failures and successes, we identify common failure modes, propose structured troubleshooting workflows, and provide examples illustrating the application of established frameworks and tools, including the Five Whys, Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, Open-Narrow-Close, and Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram. By applying this framework to our research, we increased our assay yield by a factor of 2, from ∼45% to ∼90%. This paper aims to support other teams engaged in label-free assay development by equipping them with practical tools and experimental best practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive and selective dopamine detection using zirconia-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite via differential pulse voltammetry","authors":"Arpana Parihar ,&nbsp;Karthika Nambiar ,&nbsp;Sagar Pawar ,&nbsp;Raju Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine dysregulation is implicated in critical neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, necessitating rapid and precise quantification in clinical diagnostics. This work reports the fabrication of a high-performance electrochemical sensor employing a reduced graphene oxide–zirconium dioxide (rGO–ZrO₂) nanocomposite for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in physiological samples. The ZrO₂–rGO nanocomposite was synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal route, and its structural, morphological, and optical characteristics were verified using UV–Vis spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analysis, employing differential pulse voltammetry, revealed that the ZrO₂–rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity, enabling a linear detection range from 10 nM to 1 mM with ultra-low detection limits of 0.63 nM in phosphate-buffered saline and 2.36 nM in serum samples. The fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, enabling the quantification of dopamine in both buffer and serum samples. The outstanding analytical performance is attributed to the uniform dispersion of ZrO₂ and rGO within the nanocomposite, which augments electron transfer efficiency and catalytic responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomembrane sensor-integrated central venous catheter for continuous monitoring of electrolytes in blood serum","authors":"Ka Ram Kim ,&nbsp;Garan Byun ,&nbsp;Jimin Lee ,&nbsp;Jihee Min ,&nbsp;Mahsa Dadjou ,&nbsp;Janice Newsome ,&nbsp;Zachary Bercu ,&nbsp;Hanzhou Li ,&nbsp;John T. Moon ,&nbsp;Woon-Hong Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged hospitalization often leads to repeated blood draws, particularly in critically ill patients, which causes up to 70 % of them to develop hospital-acquired anemia. Sodium and potassium are regularly included in laboratory metabolic panels and are crucial electrolytes that influence clinical decisions, especially concerning essential cardiac and neurologic functions. For this reason, sodium and potassium ions are selected as target analytes for a thin-film sensor integrated with a central venous catheter (CVC). Here, we develop a sodium- and potassium-selective nanomembrane sensor system integrated with a CVC. This sensor suite features ionophore-based membranes deposited on graphene transducers through a customized airbrushing process, creating micro-thin coatings on conductive substrates. To enhance stability, we encapsulate the sensing units within elastomeric layers, assembled in a layer-by-layer manner. An experiment study verifies the long-term stability of the sensor using buffer and serum-diluted solutions at body temperature. The results of this study offer valuable insights for improving material robustness and reducing signal drift. Ultimately, this research aims to support continuous electrolyte monitoring, addressing the issue of hospital-acquired anemia in critically ill patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable sensors for health monitoring: Current applications, trends, and future directions","authors":"Fatma Kurul ,&nbsp;Damla Aydoğan ,&nbsp;Sevval Janat ,&nbsp;Irem Aydın Kırlangıc ,&nbsp;Hüseyin Oğuzhan Kaya ,&nbsp;Seda Nur Topkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable sensors are redefining health, wellness, and performance monitoring by enabling continuous, non-invasive measurement of biochemical and biophysical signals directly on the body. In this review, we focus on two major classes of wearable technologies: <strong>wearable biochemical biosensors,</strong> including sweat, tear, saliva, and epidermal-based biochemical sensing, and <strong>wearable physical sensors</strong>, which monitor pressure, strain, temperature, motion, and other non-biological signals. We summarize recent advances in materials, microfluidics, and electronics that are enabling more practical and versatile wearable sensing platforms. Particular attention is given to multimodal systems that combine chemical and physical measurements on a single device, on-body fluid handling and sampling strategies, and data processing with embedded algorithms. Commercial examples such as continuous glucose monitors, smart patches, and consumer wearables are also highlighted. Key challenges include getting enough biofluid in a reliable way, reducing signal drift and biofouling, dealing with user-to-user variability, keeping data secure, making sensors comfortable to wear, and setting clear on-body or clinical validation protocols. We also highlight recent efforts that aim to address these issues through better surface coatings, more stable sensor designs, new power and energy-harvesting options, and improvements in data management and manufacturing. This review mainly covers studies published between 2018 and 2025, with a particular focus on work from the last 4–5 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensing of perfluorooctanoic acid in wastewater: Characterization of a molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor","authors":"Patrick Severin Sfragano ,&nbsp;Anna Emanuele ,&nbsp;Serena Laschi ,&nbsp;Giovanni Ferraro ,&nbsp;Emiliano Fratini ,&nbsp;Ilaria Palchetti","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stricter guidelines are progressively established to control the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water bodies due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment. This study focused on the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted poly(<em>o</em>-phenylenediamine) film to detect PFOA in aqueous matrices. A comparative evaluation of sensor fabrication and analytical performance was performed on gold (AuE) and glassy carbon (GCE) electrodes. Experimental conditions influencing electropolymerization behavior, template removal, polymer morphology, and PFOA recognition were studied. Characterizations using electrochemical techniques and Raman spectroscopy were correlated with analytical performance. These were assessed in spiked buffer solution, yielding concentration-dependent trends over a wide dynamic range, with detection limits of 23.0 and 20.2 ppt for the AuE and the GCE, respectively, meeting the sensitivity requirements of current EU regulations. Selectivity was evaluated by studying sensor response in the co-presence of potential interferents. The sensor was then tested on real samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant. A minor matrix effect was registered in the filtered effluent, supporting the applicability of the sensor for rapid on-site PFOA screening near regulatory thresholds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and challenges in digitally connected point-of-care biosensing","authors":"Abdellatif Ait Lahcen ,&nbsp;Jegan Rajendran ,&nbsp;Gymama Slaughter","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Point-of-care (POC) biosensors are undergoing a paradigm shift from isolated diagnostic tools to digitally connected, intelligent platforms that enable continuous and decentralized healthcare delivery. This review critically examines recent advances in wearable, implantable, and portable biosensors, highlighting how integration with wireless communication, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), and artificial intelligence is transforming their functionality and clinical utility. Particular attention is given to innovations such as smartphone-enabled interfaces, cloud-based analytics, and machine learning-assisted analysis, which collectively enhance sensitivity, specificity, and user accessibility across diverse healthcare settings, from personalized home monitoring and bedside diagnostics to deployment in resource-limited regions. The review also considers regulatory, ethical, interoperability, and cybersecurity challenges that influence their adoption. By synthesizing recent technological breakthroughs with systemic barriers, this article provides a comprehensive perspective on how connected POC biosensors are redefining the future of biosensing and decentralized healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation polarimetric biosensors: machine learning–driven GeSe photodetectors for noninvasive glucose monitoring","authors":"Maximilian B. Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and painless glucose monitoring remains a critical need in diabetes management. Here we present a compact, polarization-sensitive biosensing platform that integrates anisotropic Germanium selenide (GeSe) photodetectors with machine-learning calibration for non-invasive glucose detection. Flexible GeSe devices fabricated on polyethylene-terephthalate substrates convert glucose-induced optical rotation directly into electrical signals without external polarizers. In-vitro tests across 50–300 mg dL⁻¹ glucose demonstrated linear phase sensitivity of 1.59 × 10⁻² ° (mg dL⁻¹) ⁻¹ and a detection limit of ≈12 mg dL⁻¹ (R² = 0.96). Preliminary in-vivo reflectance measurements from a fingertip confirmed feasibility of needle-free operation with R² = 0.91 versus glucometer readings. Gradient-boosting regression applied to polarization-photocurrent data improved prediction accuracy by &gt; 20 %, achieving MAE = 8.6 mg dL⁻¹ and RMSE = 11.2 mg dL⁻¹. These findings indicate that GeSe-based polarimetric photodetectors, enhanced by data-driven modeling, offer a practical route toward compact, intelligent, and painless glucose-monitoring technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in saliva-based glucose sensors","authors":"Abhinav Sharma ,&nbsp;Hendrik Faber ,&nbsp;Nahoko Okimi ,&nbsp;Thomas D. Anthopoulos ,&nbsp;Taka-aki Yano","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world, with estimations resulting in currently over 400 million patients and projections foreshadowing further increasing case numbers in the years to come. This chronic disease impacts the patients’ quality of life and places a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide. An effective diabetes management critically needs adequate glucose monitoring to maintain optimal blood glucose levels and to prevent complications. The conventional blood glucose monitoring practices are inconvenient and invasive, posing challenges for various patient populations especially infants, the elderly and those with limited mobility. These methods could further increase the risk of infection and discomfort. Saliva is an easily accessible and non-invasive fluid that offers a promising alternative to conventional glucose tests. This review provides an overview of recent important developments in saliva-based glucose sensing and discusses the progress made in sensing methods, nanomaterials and various approaches. In addition, the review examines the progress for the development of nanomaterial-based glucose sensors from 2022 to 2025 including electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET) and optical sensors. These sensor types are evaluated based on their analytical performance which includes sensitivity, detection range, limit of detection, selectivity, stability and accuracy in measuring glucose levels in real/artificial saliva. This review addresses some of the challenges facing the measurement of glucose levels in saliva such as low concentrations of glucose and interference from interfering substances. In addition, future perspectives are presented for the development of efficient and robust saliva-based glucose sensors to enhance diabetes care and patient management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensing of hormonal serotonin levels in crayfish","authors":"Sydney N. Overton ,&nbsp;Kanishka Balamurugan ,&nbsp;Jens Herberholz ,&nbsp;Reza Ghodssi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated as a key biomarker that regulates a range of neurobehavioral functions. 5-HT also plays a prominent role in modulating social behavior across species. Here, we report the successful differentiation of hormonal (circulatory) 5-HT concentrations in socially isolated and communal crayfish samples by a surface-modified carbon fiber microelectrode electrochemical sensor. Monitoring 5-HT concentrations across social conditions provided important insights into mechanisms linking isolation to neurohormones that guide behavior. Utilizing surface coatings and electrochemical etching, our sensor can detect endogenous, nanomolar concentrations of 5-HT <em>in vitro</em> from crayfish hemolymph (i.e., blood) collected from communally housed animals and those isolated for one or seven days. Our measurements revealed that crayfish responses to isolation varied by species: <em>Procambarus</em> crayfish isolated for seven days exhibited a major increase in 5-HT compared to communally housed or short-term isolated conspecifics, whereas for <em>Faxonius</em> crayfish, the hormonal concentrations of 5-HT peaked after one day of isolation but paralleled the levels of communally housed crayfish after one week of isolation. These findings underscore the complex nature of neurochemical pathways in response to social conditions, demonstrate the sensor's utility for studying 5-HT dynamics, and provide a method for monitoring temporal changes in hormonal 5-HT following social isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}