{"title":"Interfacial reaction and dissolution behavior of Cu substrate in molten Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu-nano Mo composite solder","authors":"M. M. Arafat, A. Haseeb","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416407","url":null,"abstract":"In electronic packaging, solder alloy is used to connect the electronic devices on the copper pad to switch on the functionality of those devices. When solid copper comes in contact with a liquid solder alloy, reaction takes place and intermetallic compound (IMC) layer forms at the solid-liquid interface. To reduce the diffusion of the substrate, the major issue is to slow down the interfacial reactions between the solder and the substrate metallization. The diffusion rate depends to a large extent on the elemental compositions of the solder and the solid metal. In this study, Cu wire having a diameter 250 µm is immersed in the liquid composite solder at 250ºC up to 15 min. Composite solder were prepared by adding various amount of nano Mo into the Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solder paste. Generally the dissolution rate increases with increasing time but decreases with increasing the nano Mo content in the SAC solder. The IMC thickness increases with increasing the reaction time but nano Mo can hinder the growth of IMC layer. As a result, nano Mo is effective for the SAC solder to reduce the diffusion of copper substrate.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127143377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Xie, M. Chew, C. Premachandran, Li Zhang, Siti Rafeah Mohamed Rafei, H. Ji, R. Rajoo, K. Tang, Yu Chen, K. Teo, K. S. H. Lau, V. Chow, C. Heng, Kian-Leong Ong, R. Tan
{"title":"Design of a fully-enclosed disposable bio-micro fluidic cartridge with self-contained reagents for infectious diseases diagnostic applications","authors":"Ling Xie, M. Chew, C. Premachandran, Li Zhang, Siti Rafeah Mohamed Rafei, H. Ji, R. Rajoo, K. Tang, Yu Chen, K. Teo, K. S. H. Lau, V. Chow, C. Heng, Kian-Leong Ong, R. Tan","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416555","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the requirements of infectious diseases identification, a sealed and fully enclosed cartridge with self-contained reagents was developed. The inlet and outlet ports of the cartridge are self-sealing. The waste produced during the diagnostic process was collected in a waste bag, which is enclosed in the cartridge. Two different types of waste bags were designed to reduce the overall thickness of the cartridge. A silicon chip with filter, binder and mixer components was integrated into the microfluidic cartridge for the extraction of the nucleic acid sample from the infectious virus sample. By using a switch valve the nucleic acid sample and waste were split and collected in a PCR tube and a waste bag respectively. The PCR tube, modified with self-sealing elastomer cap, was used for collecting the nucleic acid. The whole extraction process was carried out automatically in a small table-top actuator system. With the dengue virus as the input sample, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is extracted and subjected to RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) which detected the diagnostic size of the target amplicon.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126962353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of strain rate and temperature on tensile flow behavior of SnAgCu nanocomposite solders","authors":"B. Rao, K. M. Kumar, K. Zeng, A. Tay, V. Kripesh","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416539","url":null,"abstract":"The tensile flow behavior of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) nanocomposite solders have been studied with strain rates ranging from 10−5 to 10−1s−1 and at temperature of 25, 75 and 125°C. The flow stress and the Hollomon parameters were observed to increase substantially with increasing strain rate. The strain hardening exponent increased substantially with increasing strain rate and decreasing with temperature for all the composite solders investigated. The strain rate dependence of strain hardening exponent was stronger at higher temperatures for SAC387 solder alloy, while it is weaker for composite solders reinforced with nano sized Mo particles. The strain hardening exponent was found to be less sensitive to temperature at higher strain rates. The fractographic features of ambient and elevated temperature tensile fracture surfaces of the nanocomposite solders deformed at various strain rates are discussed.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115074047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of ultrasound and bond force to reduce pad stress in thermosonic Cu ball bonding","authors":"A. Shah, M. Mayer, Y. Zhou, J. Persic, J. Moon","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416580","url":null,"abstract":"Ball bonding processes are optimized on Al pads with a 25.4 µm diameter Cu wire to obtain maximum average shear strengths of at least 120 MPa. To quantify the direct effect of bond force and ultrasound on the pad stress, ball bonding is performed on test pads with piezoresistive microsensors integrated next to the pad and the real-time ultrasonic signals are measured. By using a lower value of bond force combined with reduced ultrasound level, the pad stress can be reduced by 30%. An ultrasound/bond force process window for low-stress copper ball bonding is determined, which shows that a proper optimization of ultrasound and bond force leads to Cu ball bonds of high quality while transmitting lower stress to the pad during the bonding process.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122644250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and modeling of liquid cooled heat sinks with alternating honeycomb structure","authors":"H.Y. Zhang, Y. Mui, M. Tarin","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416561","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the analysis and modeling of a new type of liquid cooled heat sink are conducted. The heat sink is represented by alternating metallic foil layers with nearly honeycomb-shaped porous structure. The major advantage of this type of heat sink lies in the ease of fabrication with controllable geometrical parameters. The solid volume fractions and effective thermal conductivity in heat flow direction are analyzed with strut geometry and cylinder size. In order to examine the thermal performance with electronic packages, the simulation model is constructed with an off-the-shelf honeycomb heat sink (HCHS) with footprint size of 42mm × 42mm. The flow fields, pressure and temperature profiles are obtained based on the present model. Parametric effects including the flowrates, the solid struts, and base plate bonding materials on thermal performance are examined. Experimental study was also conducted to verify simulation modeling.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122649913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Warpage improvement for large die flip chip package","authors":"B. Xiong, Mj Lee, T. Kao","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416574","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips, as the demand for higher speeds and enhanced functionality increases, the size of the flip chip die grows accordingly to offer higher number of logic cells. Large flip chip die also requires a large package for efficient signal routing. This paper shows a warpage improvement study including lid design and process optimization to solve warpage issue of large die FPGA flip chip packages with more fragile bump (23 * 23 mm die and 42.5 * 42.5 mm package). Though package warpage is well controlled for standard eutectic bump BOM (bill of materials) and process, it encountered problem when using higher Tg underfill, which is for better bump protection and reliability. A detailed finite element analysis was performed to simulate the effect of different lid structures (foot width, thickness etc) and lid materials (Cu, Al etc) on warpage. Actual units were built using improved lid structures and process. It was found that thicker Cu lid and lower underfill cure temperature are effective ways for warpage control, less than 8 mils warpage was achieved by lid design and process optimization for this 42.5 mm package with 23 mm die with more fragile bump.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"41 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. K. Bernasko, S. Mallik, Nduka Nnamdi (Ndy) Ekere, A. Seman, G. Takyi
{"title":"Effect of reflow profile and thermal cycle ageing on the intermetallic formation and growth in lead-free soldering","authors":"P. K. Bernasko, S. Mallik, Nduka Nnamdi (Ndy) Ekere, A. Seman, G. Takyi","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416398","url":null,"abstract":"The formation and growth of intermetallic compound layer thickness is one of the important issues in search for reliable electronic and electrical connections. Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are an essential part of solder joints. At low levels, they have a strengthening effect on the joint; but at higher levels, they tend to make solder joints more brittle. If the solder joint is subjected to long-standing exposure of high temperature, this could result in continuous growth of intermetallic compound layer. The brittle intermetallic compound layer formed in this way is very much prone to fracture and could therefore lead to mechanical and electrical failure of the joint. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to investigate the growth of intermetallic compound layer thickness subjected to five different reflow profiles. The study also looks at the effect of three different temperature cycles (with maximum cycle temperature of 25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) on intermetallic compound formation and their growth behaviour. Two different Sn-Ag-Cu solder pastes (namely paste P1 and paste P2) which were different in flux medium, were used for the study. The result showed that the growth of intermetallic compound layer thickness was a function of ageing temperature. It was found that the rate of growth of intermetallic compound layer thickness of paste P1 was higher than paste P2 at the same temperature condition. This behaviour could be related to the differences in flux mediums of solder paste samples used.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128524981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plastic circuit reliability and design for recycling","authors":"D. V. Thiel, Madhu Neeli, S. Raj","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416425","url":null,"abstract":"Electronics is a major contributor to solid waste streams around the world. The manufacturing and the recycling processes currently used in the electronics industry are energy intensive and are accompanied by noxious gaseous and liquid waste. Circuits in Plastic (CiP) is a new technology designed to address issues. Circuit components are placed in a plastic substrate, conductive tracks are screen printed and the completed completed by thermally binding a cover sheet of the same material. The circuits are disassembled by mechanical means. While the process requires much less energy and produces minimal waste, the process must be reliable. Mechanical experiments and thermal modeling have supported the viability of the technology. Microcontroller circuits manufactured in this way have remained functional over 4 years and a water proof and mechanically reliable.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. A. Sasangka, C. Gan, C. Thompson, W. Choi, J. Wei
{"title":"Effect of bonding and aging temperatures on bond strengths of Cu with 75Sn25In solders","authors":"W. A. Sasangka, C. Gan, C. Thompson, W. Choi, J. Wei","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416527","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the interaction between thin film Cu and non-eutectic Sn-In is studied. The effects of the bonding and aging temperature on microstructure, IMC formation and also shear strength are investigated by SEM/EDX, XRD and shear testing. The bonding mechanism is proposed based on the obtained results. The bonding mechanism is proposed to occur over 2 stages: • An increase in bonding temperatures leads to an increase in the true contact area, and • The aging temperature leads to interdiffusion and assists formation of the IMC. The type of IMC that forms is η phase (Cu6(Sn,In)5) which is similar to the interaction between Cu and eutectic Sn-In. The shear strength increases with increasing the bonding temperature. On the other hand, the aging temperature does not have a significant impact on the shear strength. This indicates that the shear strength is mostly affected by the true contact area rather than the IMC formation.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129275926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeqing Su, Xiao Wei, C. Hu, Y. W. Jiang, Poh Zi-Song
{"title":"Influence of plasma cleaning on silicon die back adhesion performance","authors":"Yeqing Su, Xiao Wei, C. Hu, Y. W. Jiang, Poh Zi-Song","doi":"10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2009.5416447","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesion performance between silicon die back and paste is one of major concerns in die attach process during semiconductor assembly. A peculiar phenomenon that attached dies were flied off from pads of lead frame was reported during assembling in power QFN packages with occurrence rate at ppm. level. Backside surface of failed dies are very “clean” without any paste residual. It is mostly concerned backside surface was contaminated. In this study, attach experiment was conducted on the dropped dies with/without plasma treatment as well as normal dies. Their adhesion performance was investigated through shearing test. Simultaneously, the characteristic of backside surface with/without plasma treatment including wettability, composition and roughness was analyzed. As a result, it was indicated plasma cleaning improves the interfacial adhesion performance between silicon die and paste significantly. The similar failure mode occurred on the dropped dies without plasma, but after plasma clean, paste residual can be found on die backside and pad surface with adhesion strength increased as much again. The plasma cleaning improvement is also demonstrated by wetting test and component analysis. The wetting performance was modified from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity and carbon percentage was reduced to low level with surface cleanness. There is no significant difference for roughness before/after plasma treatment. Furthermore, the characteristic of contaminant and possible resource introduced also be addressed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":256843,"journal":{"name":"2009 11th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}