{"title":"DE LA GUERRA DEL CHACO A LA DICTADURA STRONISTA. ASCENSO DEL ACTOR MILITAR EN LA POLÍTICA Y EL DISCURSO NACIONALISTA DEL PARAGUAY","authors":"Ana Couchonnal","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I9.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I9.1409","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo analiza la Guerra del Chaco, conflicto bélico que enfrentó al Paraguay contra Bolivia entre 1932 y 1935, como momento clave de inflexión en el proceso de constitución política del Paraguay y de consolidación del discurso nacionalista paraguayo. Sostenemos que la guerra del Chaco operó como contrapunto histórico de la abrumadora derrota sufrida por el país durante la guerra de la Triple Alianza (1864-1870), lo que tuvo como efecto inmediato la expansión efectiva del dominio nacional sobre gran parte del territorio chaqueño, de la mano del poder militar. De este modo, la guerra del Chaco contribuyó a configurar una arquitectura política e ideológica que completó la tarea iniciada tras el final de la primera guerra perdida, consolidando el discurso identitario nacionalista y la presencia del actor militar en la escena nacional. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000This article analyzes the Chaco War, which faced Paraguay and Bolivia between 1932 and 1935, as a key moment in the process of political constitution of Paraguay and the consolidation of Paraguayan nationalist discourse. We argue that the Chaco War operated as a historical counterpoint of the overwhelming defeat suffered by the country during the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), which had the immediate effect of an effective expansion of the national domain over much of the Chaco territory, with the help of military power. Thus, the Chaco War contributed to shape a political and ideological architecture that completed the task begun after the end of the first lost war, consolidating nationalist identity discourse and the presence of military actor on the national scene.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130835900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.25074/th.v0i10.1395
Marco Feeley
{"title":"Jaime Valenzuela Márquez, FIESTA, RITO Y POLÍTICA. DEL CHILE BORBÓNICO AL REPUBLICANO.","authors":"Marco Feeley","doi":"10.25074/th.v0i10.1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/th.v0i10.1395","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen libro: FIESTA, RITO Y POLÍTICA. DEL CHILE BORBÓNICO AL REPUBLICANO.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133668860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I10.1386
Francis Goicovich
{"title":"UN ESCENARIO PARA DOS ACTORES: COMERCIO FORMAL E INFORMAL, LA DOBLE ARTICULACIÓN DE LA JUSTICIA (SANTIAGO DE CHILE, 1796-1797)","authors":"Francis Goicovich","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I10.1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I10.1386","url":null,"abstract":"El estudio de un pleito judicial entre mercaderes formales y comerciantes informales ocurrido a fines de la Colonia en la Plaza Mayor de Santiago, es una excusa para adentrarse en temáticas históricas como el enfrentamiento de clases sociales, sus códigos de conducta, y los divergentes conceptos de justicia sobre los que sustentaban su derecho a la actividad que ejercían en el principal espacio público de la capital del Reino de Chile. El caso presentado se enmarca en el contexto histórico de las consecuencias que para la elite criolla significaron las Reformas Borbónicas, dejando en evidencia no solo el inconcluso proyecto de disciplinamiento social llevado adelante por los funcionarios de la casa gobernante, sino también la creciente pérdida de confianza en la eficiencia del aparato monárquico. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000The study of a lawsuit that involved formal merchants and informal traders at the late Colony times in the Plaza Mayor of Santiago, is an excuse to delve into historical topics such as the clash of classes, their codes of conduct, and the divergent concepts of justice on which supported their right to exercising such activity in the main public space of the Kingdom of Chile. The case presented here is framed in the historical context of the consequences that meant for Creole elite the Bourbon Reforms, giving account not only of the unfinished project of social regulation carried out by officials of the ruling House, but also of the growing loss of confidence in the efficiency of Monarchy.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I10.1389
Leonardo Solis
{"title":"VENTAS DE TIERRAS MAPUCHES EN LOS PREÁMBULOS DE LA PACIFICACION DE LA ARAUCANIA: NACIMIENTO, 18641866.","authors":"Leonardo Solis","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I10.1389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I10.1389","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se analiza la venta de tierras tribales en los distritos aledaños a la villa de Nacimiento en los años previos a la dictación de la Ley Indígena de 1866; se contextualiza el proceso de enajenación llevado a cabo por miembros de las tribus llanistas y abajinas (lelfunche y nagche, respectivamente) como una expresión inesperada de la modernización y el mercantilismo fronterizo, fenómeno que experimentó una notoria aceleración a medida que el Estado chileno promulgaba decretos que prohibían dichas ventas; se plantea que como resultado de esta coyuntura, se produjo una suerte de connivencia entre vendedores (mapuches) y especuladores (winkas), originando algunas prácticas fraudulentas que son analizadas a lo largo del texto. La base documental proviene de la Notaría de Nacimiento. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000This article examines the sale of tribal lands in the district of Nacimiento during the years preceding the introduction of the Indian Law of 1866; it argues that the aforementioned sale, carried about by members of the Lelfunche (llanista) and Nagchez (Abajinos) tribes, was an unexpected response to the process of modernization and mercantilism that affected the frontier region during those years, hastening further when the Chilean Government announced laws prohibiting the sale of Indian lands. It also argues that, under such pressure, both sellers and buyers forged different methods to evade the law. The documentary evidence derives from the notarial acts of Nacimiento. ","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129245386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/th.v0i13.1362
J. D. Del Pozo
{"title":"Armando Cartes Montory, “UN GOBIERNO DE PUEBLOS...” RELACIONES PROVINCIALES EN LA INDEPENDENCIA DE CHILE.","authors":"J. D. Del Pozo","doi":"10.25074/th.v0i13.1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/th.v0i13.1362","url":null,"abstract":"Revisión libro: Armando Cartes Montory, “UN GOBIERNO DE PUEBLOS...” RELACIONES PROVINCIALES EN LA INDEPENDENCIA DE CHILE.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133174696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I13.1360
Enzo Videla Bravo, Hernán Venegas Valdebenito
{"title":"INTERVENCIÓN SANITARIA Y CALIDAD DE VIDA. EXPERIENCIA COTIDIANA EN COMPLEJOS SOCIO INDUSTRIALES CHILENOS. 1920-1950","authors":"Enzo Videla Bravo, Hernán Venegas Valdebenito","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I13.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I13.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo propone reconocer las prácticas institucionales y discursivas en el ámbito social desarrolladas por iniciativas empresariales dirigidas a mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores, durante el proceso de expansión industrial ocurrido en Chile a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Un grupo de grandes industrias generó programas de vivienda, salubridad, alimentación, entretención y de saberes que en ocasiones se adelantaron, rivalizaron o complementaron con las iniciativas impulsadas por las agencias del Estado. Interesa reconocer sus costos y resultados, así como los impactos positivos y paradójicos de las políticas de bienestar entre los trabajadores industriales y sus familias. Las industrias que serán focalizadas en el análisis corresponden a la Sociedad Fábrica Cemento El Melón, Compañía Manufacturera de Papeles y Cartones, y la pionera Compañía Minera e Industrial de Lota. ABSTRACT This article intends to recognize the institutional and discursive practices in the social field developed by entrepreneurial initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of workers during the process of industrial expansion that occurred in Chile from the first decades of the last century. A group of large industries generated housing, health, food, entertainment and knowledge programs that were sometimes advanced, complemented by initiatives promoted by state agencies. It is interesting to recognize their costs and results, as well as the positive and paradoxical impacts of welfare policies among industrial workers and their families. The industries that are focused on the analysis correspond to the Company Cemento El Melón, Manufacturing Company of Papers and Cartons, and the Mining and Industrial Company of Lota.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I12.1376
Karen Donoso Fritz
{"title":"“LOS ZARPAZOS DEL LEÓN” LA CENSURA POLÍTICA CONTRA LA PRENSA EN EL SEGUNDO GOBIERNO DE ARTURO ALESSANDRI. CHILE, 1933-1938","authors":"Karen Donoso Fritz","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I12.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I12.1376","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se estudiará la relación que estableció el segundo gobierno de Arturo Alessandri con la prensa de oposición, considerando la diada censura/libertad de expresión. Como hipótesis sostenemos que la censura política a la prensa tuvo como objeto disciplinar al movimiento social y la oposición política, y mantuvo líneas de continuidad en la práctica represiva de los gobiernos anteriores. Para ello, utilizó cuatro mecanismos de censura, que identificamos como administrativa, judicial, policial y previa. Analizaremos estos tipos de censura a partir de un análisis histórico, considerando los agentes represores, el marco legal y coyunturas represivas. Finalmente, concluiremos que la censura política fue una política de estado durante el segundo Alessandrismo.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124198653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I13.1359
E. Campos
{"title":"¿DE FASCISTAS A GUERRILLEROS? UNA CRÍTICA A LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA DEL MOVIMIENTO NACIONALISTA TACUARA Y SUS DERIVAS HACIA LA IZQUIERDA PERONISTA EN LA ARGENTINA","authors":"E. Campos","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I13.1359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I13.1359","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las narrativas históricas sobre el Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara (MNT), y sus derivas hacia la izquierda peronista en la Argentina. Las investigaciones de Tacuara se pueden agrupar en dos tendencias: la primera ve al MNT como un producto del nacionalismo de entreguerras en Europa, continuador de las derechas radicales de 1930 y 1940. La segunda prioriza las rupturas hacia la izquierda, enfatizando el vínculo con los años 50, 60 y 70. La hipótesis de trabajo considera que los argumentos “continuistas” y “rupturistas” corren el riesgo de negarle una temporalidad específica a la coyuntura política en la que surge el MNT. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000The purpose of this work is to analyze the historical narratives about the Nationalist Movement Tacuara (MNT), and its derivations towards the Peronist left in Argentina. Tacuara’s research can be grouped into two tendencies: the first sees MNT as a product of interwar nationalism in Europe, which continues the radical right organizations of 1930 and 1940. The latter prioritises leftwing ruptures, emphasizing the link with the 50, 60 and 70. The working hypothesis considers that the arguments of contininuity and rupture run the risk of denying a specific temporality to the political conjuncture in which the MNT arises.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132355465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/TH.V0I13.1355
Enrique Fernández Domingo
{"title":"EL PAISAJE COMO CONSTRUCCIÓN CULTURAL: LA MIRADA DE LOS VIAJEROS EUROPEOS SOBRE EL LAGO TITICACA (SIGLO XIX)","authors":"Enrique Fernández Domingo","doi":"10.25074/TH.V0I13.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/TH.V0I13.1355","url":null,"abstract":"A partir de la definición de paisaje y la importancia de la mirada en sus representaciones y su historicidad, proponemos en este artículo el análisis de los relatos de cinco viajeros europeos (Charles Wiener, Paul Marcoy, Théodore Ber, Luigi Balzan y Manuel de Almagro y Vera) en los cuales describen su confrontación con el lago Titicaca y sus orillas. El paisaje lo concebimos en este trabajo como una adquisición cultural, una representación producida por la mirada, es decir, una perspectiva intelectual situada en el espacio y el tiempo, una abstracción que moviliza referentes y procesos culturales. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000In this article we propose the analysis of the accounts of five European travelers (Charles Wiener, Paul Marcoy, Théodore Ber, Luigi Balzan y Manuel de Almagro y Vera). Your books describe your confrontation with the lake Titicaca and his shores. We define the landscape as a cultural acquisition, a representation produced by the look, an intellectual perspective placed in the space and the time, an abstraction that mobilizes modals and cultural processes. ","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132087140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiempo HistóricoPub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.25074/th.v0i13.1363
Alejandro Esteban Carrasco Luna
{"title":"Raphael Hoetmer, Miguel Castro, Mar Daza, José De Echave C. y Clara Ruiz. (edit.), MINERÍA Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES EN EL PERÚ.","authors":"Alejandro Esteban Carrasco Luna","doi":"10.25074/th.v0i13.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25074/th.v0i13.1363","url":null,"abstract":"Revisión libro: MINERÍA Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES EN EL PERÚ.","PeriodicalId":255208,"journal":{"name":"Tiempo Histórico","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}