Behavioral and Social Science最新文献

{"title":"Abstract B25: Empowering Latinas to obtain breast cancer screenings: Comparing intervention effects, part 1","authors":"Y. Molina, L. S. Miguel, Lizeth I. Tamayo, Sylvia Gonzalez, Rosa de la Torre, Kryztal Peña, A. Lucio, O. Hernandez, J. Arroyo, M. Medina, N. Coronado","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Latinas suffer disproportionately from breast cancer relative to non-Latina Whites (NLWs), partially due to lower guideline-concordant screening. In response, a significant body of work first sought to characterize disparities and associated determinants. Second, multiple approaches were developed to address this disparity, including community health worker (CHW)-driven education to the target population and empowerment interventions, wherein CHWs train a subset of the population to disseminate education to other members of the target population and mobilize in the context of health. The next logical step is to compare the relative effectiveness of interventions for future large-scaled implementation. Objective: We report emerging evidence from an ongoing, quasi-experimental trial that compares the effects of education and empowerment approaches on Latinas who are nonadherent to US Preventive Services Task Force breast cancer screening guidelines. Methods: The setting for this trial is in two Latino, lower-income communities in Chicago (Pilsen/Little Village, East Side/Chicago). Women are recruited via two community-based organizations (The Resurrection Project, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego) and snowball sampling. Eligibility criteria include: 1) age of 50-74; 2) lack of screening within past 2 years; 3) no previous breast cancer diagnosis; and 4) no prior health volunteerism experience. After screening and providing informed consent, women are assigned to a cohort (6-10 sessions) and participate in a three-week intervention (three 2-hour sessions). The education intervention is administered in East Side/Chicago and the empowerment intervention is administered in Pilsen/South Chicago to avoid contamination effects. The education intervention consists of a session focused on breast cancer and methods of early detection, a session focused on diet as a method of prevention, and a session focused on physical activity as a method of prevention. The empowerment intervention consists of a session focused on breast cancer and methods of early detection, a session focused on one-on-one conversations with family and friends about breast cancer, and a session focused on health-related volunteerism. For women who wish to obtain mammography (from either arm), study team provides navigation to free/low-cost services and tracks participants throughout the continuum of care. Three questionnaires are given: baseline (before Session #1), postintervention (after Session #3), and a follow-up (6 months after Session #3). Receipt of screening is confirmed by study and medical records for women who have completed HIPAA forms. Participants are compensated $80 for their participation. As well, during and after the intervention, participants may refer other nonadherent Latinas to the study for a small incentive ($15). Results: Our current sample is 37 women (20 education; 17 empowerment). The average age was 61.62 years old (SD = 6.02). Approximately 89% of part","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131219778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B07: Asian American women's perspectives toward donating healthy breast tissue: Implications for recruitment methods and messaging","authors":"K. Ridley-Merriweather","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B07","url":null,"abstract":"As long as they remain in their homelands, Asian women have a lower risk than Caucasians, African Americans, and Latinas of developing breast cancer (BC). Yet once Asians move to the U.S. their risk rates measurably increase. The Susan G. Komen® Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB) is the only biobank of its kind in the world that collects healthy breast tissue from women of all racial groups to use as controls in BC research. The KTB represents a critical tool in efforts to treat and prevent BC; however, Asian American (AA) women display marked reticence towards donating breast tissue to the KTB. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the basic components of Grounded Practical Theory to explore potential messaging that may result in AAs9 more positive outlook on breast tissue donation. This study recruited seventeen (N=17) AA women to share their perspectives on donating breast tissue for research purposes. Participants took part in an interactive focus group exploring potential messaging for successfully recruiting AA women to the KTB study. Findings revealed that: a) participants retained a culturally embedded discomfort with donating, and a general distrust that their donation would be handled ethically and appropriately; b) the women possessed an extraordinary need for knowledge about all facets of the donation process; c) participants perceived that they lack a personal connection to BC, making it difficult for them to generate any truly altruistic tendencies to perform the desired behavior, or to understand a need to do so; and d) they possess a strong desire to learn why it seems important to the KTB to collect their tissue, and especially about the increased BC rates and risk for Asians who move to or are born in the U.S. The findings from this study have important implications for others who work in applied clinical settings and are interested in addressing racial disparities in medical research through more effective and targeted recruitment messaging. Citation Format: Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather. Asian American women9s perspectives toward donating healthy breast tissue: Implications for recruitment methods and messaging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127644363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A27: Diversity in multiple myeloma clinical trials","authors":"N. Duma, M. G. Velez, Jesús Vera-Aguilera, Richardo Parrondo, V. Mariotti, J. Paludo, Yucai Wang, R. Go, A. Adjei","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and 10% of hematologic malignancies in the United States (U.S.). MM occurs in all races, but the incidence in African Americans is two to three times higher than in non-Hispanic whites. MM is also slightly more frequent in men than women (1.4:1). Many clinical trials lack appropriate representation of specific patient populations, limiting the generalizability of the evidence obtained. Therefore, we determined the representation of ethnic minorities, the elderly, and women in MM clinical trials. Methods: Enrollment data from all therapeutic trials reported as completed in clinicaltrial.gov from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Clinical trials including other hematologic malignancies and with recruitment outside of the U.S. were excluded. Enrollment fraction (EF) was defined as the number of enrollees divided by the 2013 SEER database MM complete prevalence. Chi-square test was used to estimate differences in categorical data. Results: Out of 177 MM clinical trials (CT), 78 (44%) reported ethnicity with a total of 12,055 enrollees. Regarding enrollees9 ethnic composition, 84% were non-Hispanic White (NHW), 8.6% African American (AA), 2.8% Asian, 1.8% Hispanic, and 0.1% Native American/Alaskan Indian. Out of those 78 CT, 52 (66%) were phase II, 15 (19%) phase III, and 11 (14%) phase I. Most of the results were published from 2012 to 2016 (74%). Forty-six (59%) trials were sponsored by industry, 7 (9%) by NCI, and 25 (32%) were investigator initiated. Participation in CT varied significantly across ethnic groups, NHW were more likely to be enrolled in CT (EF of 0.23) than AA (EF of 0.08, p Conclusions: Despite the higher incidence of MM in African Americans and the elderly, the former only represented 8.6% of the study participants and 66% of these were less than 65 years of age; therefore, we are lacking data in the tolerability of these new agents in our aging MM population. We also observed that industry studies were less likely to recruit AA patients. Collaborations between investigators, sponsors, and the community are necessary to increase our minority and elderly patients9 access to clinical trials. Citation Format: Narjust Duma, Miguel Gonzalez Velez, Jesus Vera-Aguilera, Richardo Parrondo, Veronica Mariotti, Jonas Paludo, Yucai Wang, Ronald Go, Alex Adjei. Diversity in multiple myeloma clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132595297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B06: Social media and colorectal cancer communication: The reach of Facebook Live and Twitter chat in Utah","authors":"Jennyffer Morales, Garrett Harding, J. Decker, Lisa Anderson, A. Geisler, Jane Ostler, Donna Branson, Jeffrey Yancey, A. López","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B06","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: The purpose is to demonstrate the reach of social media in cancer communication to urban and rural populations in Utah. Online communications, tools, and aids offer easy, cost-effective ways to reach a large number of people across geographic distances. In 2008, 79% of U.S. adults were online and 80% of online adults were searching for health information. Social media provide an ideal platform to communicate and educate large audiences across vast geographic areas such as Utah, which is defined as either rural ( Methods/Results: The CHE collaborated with HCI9s social media team to conduct a Twitter chat and a Facebook Live event with the goal of increasing the reach of reliable and accurate cancer communication across the state of Utah. Twitter chats comprise individuals, representing themselves or an organization, who meet at a prearranged chat time to discuss a specific topic and use a unique hashtag to link public conversations. The HCI chat focused on the NCI Screen to Save (S2S) initiative aimed at starting conversations and raising awareness about colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings in targeted populations. In Utah CRC screening rates in rural and frontier areas are lower compared to the state (68.3%) and national averages (65.7%). The chat had participation from physicians, researchers, and local and national cancer organizations. The Twitter chat reached 12,244 people--4 times the average daily reach--showing a sharp increase of online engagement. Facebook Live events are live video streams that populate the newsfeed of followers, offering opportunities for direct online discussion and participation. Individuals may access the video during live steaming or at a later time. The HCI Facebook Live focused on cancer health equity, S2S, prevention efforts, and community resources. HCI9s Director of Cancer Healthy Equity, a medical oncologist, led the 1-hour discussion with participation from HCI9s Community Outreach Manager and questions from the Facebook community. The event reached 4,902 people and had 1,568 views, a significant rise of online engagement. Conclusion: Using social media can be an effective way to broaden the reach of cancer communication to urban and rural populations. Social media utilization can provide urban and rural populations with accurate information from a credible source (an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center) in their preferred learning medium and on their own time. Considering the number of individuals reached and hours associated with social media cancer communications, cancer educators can utilize social media communication as cost-effective educational methods. Further research is needed to determine which social media platform has the greatest reach in rural populations, how to better target rural populations with social media communications, and the effectiveness of social media on educating individuals. Citation Format: Jennyffer Morales, Garrett Harding, Janae Decker, Lisa Anderso","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124746125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A16: Invisible men: Men of color in health disparities research","authors":"Antonio Delesline, Sanford E. Jeames","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: As the 21st century has brought a myriad of newfound discoveries for cancer researchers, the inclusion of men of color in this research remains minimal. It is as if men of color are invisible in these discussions and gaps in health disparities widen even as survivorship and treatments expand for other populations. The new focus on precision medicine has created stronger emphasis on expanding the research ideas currently being discussed and examined. The new protocol focus for immunotherapy and use of genetic biomarkers has transformed cancer research because of its ability to create innovative cellular models for cancer cell development. New Methodologies Needed: Clinical trials continue to contain disproportionate representation of African American participants, and yet the gaps that exist within mortality rates and survivorship remain lower among African American participants. The health care/cancer research arena reports outcomes that are satisfactorily accepted as reasonable measures of cancer strategies and outcomes. The significant question is whether these outcomes measures are valid in their findings due to inadequate representation of some groups who are identified as most vulnerable from nonsatisfactory cancer outcomes. Summary: The development of programs targeted toward under-represented populations and evaluation of communications strategies to assess the effectiveness of such programs to improve health outcomes is essential to diminish disparities. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of a community education program and initiative to highlight health disparities among high-risk populations. The Men of Color Health Awareness (MOCHA) initiative has been in existence since 2010 in Springfield, Massachusetts; since its inception it has reached almost 1,000 men of color in educational settings, and some 400 men have participated in its exercise and empowerment programs. MOCHA has been a key player in providing health information and interventions to men of color. Activities include hosting a prostate cancer symposium, recruitment for free PSA screenings, digital story-telling documentation, ongoing participation in community activities, and focusing on domestic violence. MOCHA plays a key role with academic institutions and health organizations in gathering information about health disparities that exist among men of color. Conclusions: A utilization of community-based programs that focus on minority populations can represent an effective strategy and approach to communicate with special populations--particularly as it relates to clinical trials education, recruitment, and accrual. Community-based organizations and faith-based institutions that contain men of color in key leadership roles and positions build trust within the community and may improve accrual and retention in clinical trials research. MOCHA has a Program Coordinator and Outreach Coordinator in key positions and decision-making processes. M","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"468 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116192614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B05: An evaluation of a community-based breast education and navigation program: Highlights and lessons learned from the Pitt County Breast Wellness Initiative","authors":"Essie Torres, A. Richman","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pitt County is located in a rural disadvantaged part of Eastern North Carolina (ENC) and maintains persistent breast cancer disparities among minority women as compared to their white counterparts. Pitt County has the highest breast cancer mortality rate among minority women in ENC, with breast cancer mortality rates for minority women being twice as high compared to their white counterparts (42.4 vs. 21.9, respectively). Furthermore, minority women are diagnosed at later stages of the disease, with the rate of diagnosis at stage 4 being almost three times higher than white women in Pitt County. The Pitt County Breast Wellness Initiative provides culturally tailored breast cancer education and navigation to age-appropriate screening services for uninsured/underinsured Black and Latina women ages 25 and older. Methods: We conducted a qualitative evaluation to assess the effectiveness of our education and navigation components. We contacted program participants via telephone and administered a structured interview guide. Out of the 85 participants that were both educated by our program and received a free mammogram and clinical breast exam, we reached 60% (n=51) of these women. Results: This funded program has created a network of 20 community-based lay breast health educators, which includes faith leaders, breast cancer survivors, community advocates, and ECU BS in Public Health students. In a span of 2 years, we have educated over 600 women in eastern North Carolina (ENC) on breast health and breast cancer screening guidelines, and navigation services have been provided to 275 women, of whom 230 were given breast health assessments and 85 received a mammogram. We have identified five lessons learned to share in the successful implementation of a community-based cancer screening intervention: (1) community partnerships are critical for successful community-based cancer screening interventions; (2) assuring access to screening and appropriate follow-up should precede interventions to promote increased use of cancer screening; (3) the reduction of access barriers is effective in increasing cancer screening; (4) culturally tailored interventions can overcome barriers to screening for diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups; and (5) multicomponent interventions that include multiple community-health strategies are effective in increasing screening. Up-to-date results from program participants will be reported during the presentation. Conclusion: Although PCBWI can improve, we have been successful at increasing knowledge and screening for our population. Future community-based interventions must go beyond the overall assessment of effectiveness and expand current understanding of why given strategies are effective and analyze the cost-effectiveness of these strategies, to ensure replicability and sustainability. Citation Format: Essie Torres, Alice Richman. An evaluation of a community-based breast education and navigation program: H","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"71 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121191679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B13: New messages and opportunities for prevention to empower African American women through community-based outreach and education on breast and cervical cancer risk","authors":"E. Rodriguez, F. Saad-Harfouche, Christy A. Widman, Clark S. Nikia, Clarissa Martinez, D. Johnson, Lina Jandorf, D. Erwin","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the Study: Historically, African American women have suffered from breast cancer less but died more often than other racial and ethnic minority groups. New data show that the gap in incidence is closing, with African American women now being diagnosed more frequently than previously recognized, while still having much higher death rates. Additionally, new scientific research now clearly demonstrates that having more children, at earlier ages (formerly linked to lower risk), and not breastfeeding actually increases risks of aggressive, triple-negative breast cancer in African American women. This important paradigm shift is not currently being disseminated in the lay community. Over the past 20 years, The National Witness Project (NWP) has been implemented, replicated, and disseminated in more than 40 sites across 22 states, with over 400 volunteers, reaching over 15,000 women annually, and increasing mammography as much as 43%. Using this well-established network, we implemented a community-engaged approach to revise and pilot both the community-based training and education program content to reflect current scientific findings and trend data. Methods: Three pilot sites for testing the new community-based education were selected: the established NWP sites in Buffalo, New York City, and Arkansas. Health education staff and volunteers at each of the sites were trained to deliver the new program, which includes information on the following topics: breast cancer risk factors including new information on breastfeeding and parity, genetic risk, myths, mammography-screening guidelines, breast health awareness, role-model video stories for breast and cervical cancer, HPV risk factors and causes, modes of virus transmission, HPV vaccine, and Pap test. Additional video segments featuring community partners sharing their personal experiences were also included to further enhance the educational content. Educational programs implemented an Audience Response System (ARS) to test pre- and post-items related to breast and cervical cancer risk, myths, self-efficacy to screen, and intent to screen. Scores from the pre- and post-knowledge tests were computed as the average percent correct of the responses to each question and were compared across all participants and by site. Comparisons of pre-post test scores were made using paired-sample t-tests. Results: A total of 332 participants were reached during 31 programs across all three sites. Age ranges of the African American women who participated were 19 to 102 years old with a mean age of 51 years. We found 44% of participants answered 55% of all questions correctly prior to the program and at post-test answered 92% correctly (p > 0.000). For breast-cancer items only, 53% of participants answered 48% of pre-test questions correctly compared to 75% correctly at post (p > 0.000). Similarly, 57% of participants answered 46% of pre-test cervical cancer items correctly and 78% correctly at post (p > 0.000)","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127151808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B24: Salud!, por la Vida, an educational intervention to increasing colorectal cancer screening in Puerto Ricans","authors":"V. Colón-López, Camille Vélez-Álamo, Adrianna I Acevedo-Fontánez, Marievelisse Soto-Salgado, Y. Serra-Martínez, Ileska M. Valencia-Torres, Maria E Fernandez","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the second highest incidence in both men and women in Puerto Rico (PR). This cancer is the leading cause of death in PR. Although largely preventable through screening and treatment of precancerous polyps, colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) using fecal occult blood test (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy remains low for adults in PR. Data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System indicate that only 18.5% of the PR population 50+ years has undergone an FOBT within the past two years compared to 12.8% in the United States of America (USA). Additionally, only 50.6% of age-eligible Puerto Ricans report ever having a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy compared to 68.8% in the USA. Therefore, given the higher burden of CRC and the low CRCS rates in the island, we developed iSalud!, por la Vida (SLPV), an educational program that aims to increase CRCS in nonadherent men and women 50 years and older who attend Federally Qualified Health Clinics (FQHCs) in PR. Methods: Intervention mapping (IM) was used as the guiding framework to develop an educational intervention that is theoretically sound and grounded in evidence. For the development of SPLV, steps 1 to 4 of IM were completed: step 1: a needs assessment conducted through focus groups and face-to-face interviews with patients, medical directors, and other key informants from the FQHCs to gather quantitative and qualitative data for the development of the logic model and the program; step 2: development of a logic model of change and matrices of change objectives; step 3: selection of theory and evidence-based methods and strategies; and step 4: program production, components, and materials of a CRCS patient-education intervention. Results: The needs assessment (step 1) data revealed five main themes: (1) limited knowledge about CRC and CRCS practices; (2) patients9 fear of the CRC test results; (3) low risk perception of CRC; (4) reporting not having received a provider recommendation regarding the screening test; and (5) the importance of social support in making the decision of getting screened for CRC. Key informant interviews showed that the vast majority of the clinics offer FOBT as part of the CRCS protocol, with 74.0% of these having a clinical laboratory at their facilities. Over one half (53.0%) had already implemented electronic medical records (EMR) and 82.0% had health educators as part of their full-time staff. A logic model was developed by combining personal behaviors with behavioral determinants and identifying beliefs targeted by the intervention (step 2). Tailored interactive multimedia intervention (TIMI) and small media were selected as the practical application to deliver the intervention (step 3). Development of the program included 5 components: (1) script development for fictional videos; (2) testimonials; (3) animations; (4) written materials; and (5) newsletter. After all five components were developed, the team com","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124563133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B09: Partnering around cancer clinical trials: Preliminary report of an intervention to improve patient-physician communication and clinical trial enrollment of Black and White men with prostate cancer","authors":"L. Hamel, L. Penner, E. Heath, D. Lansey, M. Carducci, T. Albrecht, E. Barton, Mark A Manning, Tanina S Foster, Mark R. Wojda, S. Eggly","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-B09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few patients, especially racial/ethnic minorities, enroll in clinical trials (CTs) in the United States, in part due to factors related to patient-physician interactions. We describe a theory-based patient intervention to improve communication and enrollment of Black and White men in prostate cancer CTs. We also report on preliminary baseline data comparing Black and White participants9 demographic and social characteristics and their willingness to discuss a CT with a physician. Method: A team of communication scientists, psychologists, and clinicians collaborated to create a theory-based, patient-focused intervention. Theories included the common ingroup identity model, which suggests people from different social groups can better achieve goals when they see themselves as members of the same team, and patient-centered communication, which suggests that patient active participation improves clinical communication. The intervention is in the form of a booklet given to patients prior to meeting with their oncologist. The booklet includes a) encouragement to view the patient and physician as a team and participate actively in clinical interactions, and b) 33 questions about participating in a CT. Preliminary data from one data collection site (Detroit, Michigan) include 72 Black (n=40) and White (n=32) men with prostate cancer who completed baseline measures assessing age; education; income; breadwinner status; marital status; health literacy; perceived economic burden (e.g., how difficult is it for you to live on your total household income right now?); general trust in physicians; group-based medical mistrust (including three subscales--suspicion, perceived racial health care disparities, and perceived health care provider support); and willingness to discuss a CT with a physician. Chi-square and independent samples t-tests were conducted to determine racial differences. Results: Black patients were younger (p=.04), had less education (p=.006) and lower annual incomes (p Discussion: Black and White patients differed in many demographic and social characteristics. Both groups indicated they were very willing to discuss a CT with their physician, although Whites were significantly more willing. This finding suggests the intervention may be especially beneficial for Black patients, who are disproportionately under-represented in CTs. Next steps involve analysis of the effect of the intervention and addition of a physician-focused intervention. Citation Format: Lauren M. Hamel, Louis A. Penner, Elisabeth Heath, Dina Lansey, Michael Carducci, Terrance L. Albrecht, Ellen Barton, Mark Manning, Tanina Foster, Mark Wojda, Susan Eggly. Partnering around cancer clinical trials: Preliminary report of an intervention to improve patient-physician communication and clinical trial enrollment of Black and White men with prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121321879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A18: An enhanced shared decision-making model to address willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer screening and follow-Up treatment","authors":"C. Erkmen, Mark Mitchell, S. Randhawa, S. Sferra, Rachel Kim, V. DiSesa, L. Kaiser, G. Ma","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP17-A18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Failure to address willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer treatment before lung cancer screening could cause patients unnecessary anxiety, cost, and care. We employed an enhanced shared decision-making (SDM) model to address willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer screening of low-dose CT (LDCT) scanning. We hypothesized that enhanced SDM was feasible and did not discourage patients from undergoing lung cancer screening. Methods: We performed a prospective study of patients referred for lung cancer screening. We measured adherence to the LCS protocol, including consent to discuss lung cancer treatment if cancer is found and direct questions to patients about willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer treatment. We measured race, gender, adherence to the consent process, and questions regarding willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer treatment and subsequent uptake of LDCT. Results: All 190 patients have a documented SDM visit addressing the risks and benefits of lung cancer screening and consented to discuss lung cancer treatment if lung cancer is diagnosed. One hundred and seventy-nine (179) of 190 (94%) answered yes to being willing and able to undergo lung cancer treatment. One hundred and eighty-seven (187) patients underwent LDCT (98.4%). Conclusions: Discussion about willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer treatment should be an essential component of an SDM discussion prior to LDCT. This study demonstrated that an enhanced SDM experience is feasible in a clinical setting. Furthermore, patients proceeded with LDCT following the enhanced SDM process. Citation Format: Cherie P. Erkmen, Mark Mitchell, Simran Randhawa, Shelby Sferra, Rachel Kim, Verdi DiSesa, Larry R. Kaiser, Grace X. Ma. An enhanced shared decision-making model to address willingness and ability to undergo lung cancer screening and follow-Up treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.","PeriodicalId":254061,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Social Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114258835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}