Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Next generation sustainable aviation fuels powered by renewable energy","authors":"Hamna Khalid ,&nbsp;Labeeb Ali ,&nbsp;Ayesha Alam ,&nbsp;Abrar Inayat ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alraeesi ,&nbsp;Mohammednoor Altarawneh","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonizing aviation has emerged as a significant challenge in the pursuit of global climate neutrality, given its reliance on high-energy-density liquid fuels and the lack of credible alternatives to zero-emission propulsion for long-haul flights. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) have emerged as the most realistic near-to intermediate-term option for reducing aviation greenhouse gas emissions, while being fully compatible with current aircraft and infrastructure. In this comprehensive and critical review, we provide a synthesis of existing and emerging SAF pathways, specifically, those involving renewable energy-driven systems. This review provides an overview of several ASTM-certified technologies: hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, Fischer Tropsch-synthetic paraffinic kerosene, alcohol-to-jet, and synthetic iso-paraffins; as well as next-generation routes, including renewable electricity, green hydrogen, and carbon capture and utilization, such as power-to-liquid electrofuels, hybrid biomass-renewable pathways, solar thermochemical synthesis, and waste-to-fuel processes. Techno-economic and life-cycle analyses indicate that mature biomass-based pathways achieve GHG emissions reductions of 50%–80%, whereas renewable-powered SAF achieves reductions of 95%–98% when fully accounting for green inputs. Enabling factors are also explored in the review, including electrolyzer efficiency, carbon utilization strategies, infrastructure integration, and policy frameworks (CORSIA, ReFuelEU, SAF Grand Challenge) that could support the transition to larger-scale development. Overall, this review emphasizes that cost-competitive, net-zero pavement will depend on coordinated progress across renewable energy systems, hydrogen economies, and global policy alignment to drive the next generation of SAFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of biomethane production through anaerobic co-digestion of sugarcane bagasse and napier grass: Effects of substrate ratio, inoculum loading, and kinetic behaviour","authors":"Nidhi Chhabra Talreja ,&nbsp;Jaydeep Pandit ,&nbsp;Ajay S. Kalamdhad","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective valorization of agro-industrial residues is pivotal to advancing the bio-based industry, ensuring sustainable energy resilience and waste management in India. Sugarcane bagasse (BG), a fibrous by-product of the sugar industry, remains largely underutilized despite its abundance and carbon-rich composition. This study investigates the synergistic co-digestion of BG with napier grass (NG), a fast-growing perennial energy crop, to enhance biomethane production and establish a sustainable waste-to-energy pathway. Batch biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays were conducted to optimize the feed-mixing ratio (FMR) and substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) ratio, while kinetic modelling using the Pseudo-first-order and Modified gompertz models elucidated degradation behaviour and methane generation dynamics. The optimal combination of 40:60 (BG:NG) at an S/I ratio of 0.5 achieved the highest methane yield of 203.5 mL CH₄ g⁻¹ VS_added, accompanied by the maximum co-digestion performance index (CPI), indicating strong synergistic effects. Co-digestion improved hydrolysis efficiency, degradation kinetics, and overall methane productivity compared to monodigestion. The results of this study highlight the potential of using BG and NG for biomethane production which serves as a strategy for transforming sugar-industry waste into renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic integration of biomass in Brazil's future energy mix: Implications for electricity generation and sustainability","authors":"Olasunkanmi Opeoluwa Adeoye,&nbsp;Electo Eduardo Silva Lora,&nbsp;Leonardo Peña Pupo,&nbsp;Rubenildo Vieira Andrade,&nbsp;Laura Vieira Maia de Sousa,&nbsp;Diego Mauricio Yepes Maya,&nbsp;René Lesme Jaén,&nbsp;Osvaldo José Venturini","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged droughts and subsequent river flow variations have reduced Brazil's hydropower output, creating a critical energy supply gap. To maintain grid reliability amidst the inherent variability of solar and wind expansion, electricity generation matrix has increased its dependence on environmentally detrimental alternatives. Although bioelectricity in Brazil is predominantly sourced from sugarcane, a substantial portion of the country's biomass potential remains underutilized. This study quantifies the theoretical, technical, and economic potentials of untapped biomass sources, including dedicated energy forests, crop residues, forest residues, vinasse, animal manure, municipal solid waste and excess electricity generation from the sugar industry, and assesses their integration into Brazil's future electricity mix from 2023 to 2050 using the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP). Two energy scenarios were modelled, Business-As-Usual (BAU) and Available-Potential-Scenario (APS), which fully utilize the calculated economic potential. Results show that the economic potential of bioenergy could increase from 599.86 PJ in 2023 to 1455.27 PJ by 2050, supporting up to 70 GW of installed capacity. Under the APS, the renewable share in electricity generation increases from 87% (BAU) to 95% by 2050, with bioenergy contributing up to 26% of total electricity generation. This transition boosts energy availability by 42% compared to BAU and increases total installed capacity by 62% relative to the base year. Investment analysis showed that the additional installed bioenergy capacity does not create an investment burden, but rather reallocates capital toward cleaner energy alternatives. This research provides a practical strategy for Brazil to achieve its emissions reduction goals in electricity generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109147"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production from discarded fish waste lipids using CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst: kinetics modeling, process optimization and validation using Artificial neural network","authors":"Umrana Maheer ,&nbsp;Md Mokarram Badsha ,&nbsp;Fatin Najwa Joynal Abedin ,&nbsp;Venugopal Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;Saima Sohni ,&nbsp;Muzafar Zulkifli ,&nbsp;Anita Ramli ,&nbsp;Md Sohrab Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explores the effective conversion of lipids extracted from discarded fish waste into biodiesel using a CaO(Ca₃Al₂O₆) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The properties and the catalyst structure were explored using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analyses. The lipid extraction from discarded fish waste was performed through Soxhlet extraction utilizing methanol as a solvent. The catalytic transesterification of biodiesel from discarded fish waste lipids was conducted employing CaO(Ca₃Al₂O₆) as a heterogeneous catalyst by varying lipids-to-methanol ratio (1:6-1:16), catalyst doses (1-6 wt%), reaction time (1-6 h), and temperature (40-70 °C). The experimental conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and validated using an artificial neural network (ANN). The highest biodiesel yield obtained was about 93% at optimal experimental conditions of lipid to methanol ratio of 1:8.79, reaction time of 4.11 h, reaction temperature of 65.49 °C, and catalyst loading of 4 wt%. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies discovered that the transesterification reaction is non-spontaneous and endothermic, and it requires a low activation energy (12.787 kJ/mol). Physicochemical properties of the synthesized biodiesel complied with the biodiesel standard specifications of EN 14214 and ASTM <span><span>D6751</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>highlighting</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> its suitability as a renewable alternative to conventional diesel fuels. This study offers a sustainable strategy for waste management and cleaner energy production, highlighting the potential of fish waste as a valuable resource for the bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change mitigation potential of producing wood-based materials and energy from restoring degraded land in Indonesia – A nation-wide scenario analysis","authors":"Rio Aryapratama ,&nbsp;Simon Schulte ,&nbsp;Stefan Pauliuk","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing land use and land cover changes (LUCC) in Indonesia significantly contribute to climate warming and land degradation. At the same time, competing policy frameworks and land contestation are emerging, particularly regarding degraded land utilization for restoration and commodity production (e.g., timber, bioenergy). However, no study has assessed, at the national scale, the spatial availability of degraded land suitable for timber plantations and the associated carbon implications. Here, we combine a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based land suitability analysis with a dynamic material flow and life cycle assessment (MFA–LCA) framework to evaluate the climate mitigation potential of restoring degraded lands for wood materials and energy in Indonesia. The GIS analysis identifies 0.44–3.60 Mha of degraded land suitable for Acacia, Teak, and Rubber plantations, depending on degraded land definitions and biophysical constraints. The dynamic MFA–LCA model quantifies temporal carbon emissions and sequestration from biospheric and technospheric carbon flows over a 200-year time horizon. Our results show reforesting degraded land exhibits the highest climate benefit, achieving up to −456 Mt CO₂-eq over 200 years. In comparison, wood plantations yield less mitigation effects, with cumulative emissions ranging from −324 to 1130 Mt CO₂-eq depending on species and scenarios. Teak offers the greatest long-term carbon sequestration potential (−47 to −324 Mt CO₂-eq), while fast-growing Acacia supports short-term targets, potentially reducing Indonesia's 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) emissions by 5.7%. These findings highlight the need for policies that balance immediate emission reductions with long-term carbon sequestration through spatially targeted degraded land restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147360736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and evaluation of the energy potential of orange bagasse","authors":"Washington Fernandes de Souza ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Sbrolini Tiburcio ,&nbsp;Edgard Gonçalves Cardoso ,&nbsp;Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche ,&nbsp;Luana Maria Tavares Rosa ,&nbsp;Antônio Garrido Gallego ,&nbsp;Reynaldo Palacios-Bereche ,&nbsp;Rafael Augusto Sotana de Souza ,&nbsp;Lais Galileu Speranza ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Pereira Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, fossil fuel depletion, and rising global energy demand underscore the need for strategic alternatives in energy conversion. In this context, the citrus processing industry, particularly orange juice production, represents a promising pathway for bioenergy recovery. Global orange processing (17.14 million metric tons), led by Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, generates large volumes of wastes such as peel, pulp, and seeds. This study characterized the chemical and thermophysical properties of these wastes and evaluated their energy availability potential. The results revealed attractive fuel characteristics, with a heating value (<em>HHV</em>_<em>db</em> = 17.64 MJ kg⁻¹) and ultimate and proximate compositions comparable to those of sugarcane bagasse, a biomass extensively used in Brazilian sugar–energy facilities. Despite the high theoretical energy potential (∼429 thousand toe), the high as-received moisture content (&gt;80%) remains a major barrier to efficient combustion. To address this constraint, scenarios combining mechanical pressing (reducing moisture to 65%) and subsequent thermal rotary drying were evaluated in terms of net energy availability. Under these conditions, the net energy available (∼202 thousand toe) not only met the thermal demand of the juice concentration stage but also generated surplus energy for processes such as juice pasteurization or sale through cogeneration. Although the use of orange wastes as solid biofuels may not yield the highest financial returns, it presents a technically viable strategy to strengthen energy self-sufficiency, reduce dependence on external fossil fuels, and mitigate environmental liabilities in the citrus industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109193"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147360753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step fabrication of porous carbon via molten salt-assisted pyrolysis and evaluation of its CO2 adsorption performance","authors":"Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Run Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Ding-wang Qiao ,&nbsp;Qi Niu ,&nbsp;Ze-jun Luo ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of effective CO₂ adsorbents sourced from biomass has attracted significant research interest in the area of carbon capture. However, conventional biomass-derived porous carbons often underperform due to their simplistic pore structure. In this work, a high-performance porous carbon material for CO₂ adsorption was prepared in this work via one-step pyrolysis of poplar wood chips, using an innovative KCl-K₂CO₃ molten salt mixture as the activator. This study systematically investigated the modulation of physicochemical properties and CO₂ adsorption capabilities in the resulting porous carbons by this KCl-K₂CO₃ molten salt system. The molten salt enhanced the uniformity of the reaction between K₂CO₃ and the carbon framework due to its superior dispersing effect. This led to the formation of a hierarchical pore architecture that included both narrow and wide micropores. Under optimal process conditions, the porous carbon material (KK-3-700), synthesized under optimal conditions (poplar wood chips: KCl mass ratio = 5:3, KCl: K₂CO₃ molar ratio = 0.624:1, 700 °C activation), possessed an extensively interconnected porous network with a high BET surface area of 1499 m²/g. The pore size distribution was dominated by pores in the 0.5-0.8 nm range, with an additional peak near 1 nm, yielding a substantial volume of narrow micropores. The distinct pore structure contributed directly to high CO₂ adsorption performance, with capacities of 6.26 mmol/g at 0 °C and 4.38 mmol/g at 25 °C under 1 bar, while maintaining a CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 16.6-24.2. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, KK-3-700 retained 97.3% of its initial CO₂ uptake capacity, demonstrating considerable potential for industrial carbon capture applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual valorization of seaweed-industry wastes into mechanically robust activated carbon pellets for CO2 capture","authors":"Nizar Amir ,&nbsp;Farihahusnah Hussin ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ,&nbsp;Misri Gozan","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dual valorization of seaweed-industry waste into mechanically robust activated carbon (AC) pellets for carbon dioxide (CO₂) adsorption in the flue gas streams provides a sustainable solution to mitigate global CO₂ emissions and industrial waste burdens. Therefore, this study addresses the limited research regarding the detailed conversion of dual seaweed-industry waste streams into AC pellets for CO₂ adsorption. In this work, raw seaweed waste was prepared, then synthesized into AC via KOH activation, followed by pelletization using a binder from carrageenan waste to develop AC pellets, which were then evaluated for detailed CO₂ adsorption performance. The kinetic mechanism of CO₂ adsorption was also investigated. The optimal parameters for AC development were a precursor:KOH weight ratio of 1:2 and an activation temperature of 700 °C. Under these conditions, the produced AC exhibited a BET surface area of 783.67 m²/g, microporosity exceeding 74%, and an average pore diameter of 2 nm. The breakthrough time and CO₂ adsorption capacity reached approximately 26 min and 0.79 mmol/g, respectively, at 25 °C, with a mixed-gas flow rate of 200 mL/min and a CO₂ concentration of 15%. The Avrami kinetic model provided the best fit for describing the CO₂ adsorption mechanism. The results of this study provide practical guidance for academia, industry, and policymakers to mitigate waste burdens and CO₂ emissions, in line with Sustainable Development Goals 9, 13, and 15. This work also demonstrates that seaweed-industry waste can be transformed into CO₂ adsorbents, providing a scalable strategy for climate action and a sustainable circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from organic waste on environmental protection: A bibliometric analysis","authors":"Hadiza Shehu Giwa ,&nbsp;Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid ,&nbsp;Farah Hanani Zulkifli ,&nbsp;Jianbo Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of industrial and agricultural activities has led to the excessive generation of organic waste, intensifying environmental pollution and resource depletion. This study presents the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of green-synthesised CQDs derived from organic waste and their environmental applications. A total of 323 peer-reviewed articles and reviews published between 2012 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science database and analysed using VOSviewer. The dataset was compiled from 10,515 citations, with an average of 32.55 citations per document and an H-index of 53, indicating a steep rise and growing influence of the research area. The network and co-occurrence analyses revealed four prevailing thematic clusters, namely eco-friendly waste valorisation, wastewater treatment and pollutant sensing, green synthesis of graphene and carbon quantum dots, and CQD-based energy storage systems. Most highly cited studies have used food, agricultural, and sewage wastes as sustainable carbon precursors and have shown that these materials can be used for heavy-metal detection, photocatalytic destruction of organic pollutants, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. The keyword analysis revealed a focus on photoluminescence, nanoparticles, selective detection, and low-cost synthesis methods. The findings highlight the importance of waste-derived CQDs for circular-economy and clean-water applications, while identifying research gaps in scalability, stability, and waste-stream diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146777816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated co-digestion and dual fixed-bed Fe2O3/Ca(OH)2 biogas upgrading using fruit and vegetable waste and cattle manure","authors":"Clara I. Sandoval Camarillo ,&nbsp;Fidel A. Aguilar-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Violeta Y. Mena-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Raúl Hernández-Altamirano","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-cost biogas upgrading remains a major barrier to decentralized biomethane deployment, particularly where conventional scrubbing or membrane systems are impractical. This study quantifies the performance envelope of a dual fixed-bed upgrading train operated in series (Fe₂O₃ for H₂S removal followed by solid Ca(OH)₂ for CO₂ capture) while treating real biogas generated on-site. Semi-continuous co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste and cattle manure (30:70 on a VS basis) was used solely as a realistic and stable biogas supply to provide representative CH₄/CO₂/H₂S loads to the upgrading unit. Under favorable hydrodynamic conditions, biomethane-quality enrichment was achieved (CH₄ ≥ 99.4%) with near-complete CO₂ removal (∼99.7–99.95%) and H₂S reduced to low-ppm/sub-ppm levels (0.624–1.54 ppm; &gt;99%). Performance losses at higher throughput indicated that CO₂ capture in the Ca(OH)₂ bed is the limiting step under demanding conditions. Post-use characterization (SEM, TGA/DTG, XRD) confirmed carbonation of Ca(OH)₂ to CaCO₃ and transformations consistent with sulfide capture in the iron bed, linking performance trends to sorbent evolution. System-level indicators yielded 66 m³ biogas·t⁻¹ and 44.22 m³ CH₄·t⁻¹ (≈1583 MJ t⁻¹, LHV basis) and a simplified benefit of ≈0.895 t CO₂_eq t⁻¹ avoided within the defined boundary. The results demonstrate that biomethane-quality upgrading can be achieved under mild operating conditions using low-cost solid sorbents in a compact fixed-bed train.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}