Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Process design, techno-economic, and life cycle assessment of methanol production routes","authors":"Hamed Hadavi,&nbsp;Yasaman Amirhaeri,&nbsp;Ivan Kantor","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol plays a crucial role as a versatile chemical feedstock and energy carrier. Urgent and increasing environmental impacts require exploring renewable pathways for methanol production to achieve a sustainable transition. This article evaluates five scenarios for methanol production: the conventional method (baseline – natural gas), biomass gasification-based configurations, and CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> hydrogenation with hydrogen produced through water electrolysis. Thermodynamic analysis conducted to assess energy efficiency, with pinch analysis employed for heat integration in all pathways, effectively utilizing waste heat to enhance system efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of each scenario, with a focus on identifying the most significant parameters influencing these impacts. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis is performed to assess the profitability of each scenario. Results indicate that the scenario of biomass-based methanol production producing biochar (BPBCB) achieves the highest energy efficiency at approximately 69%. In terms of environmental performance, the scenario of biomass-based methanol production without producing biochar (BWOBB) has the lowest impact on total human health, while CO₂ hydrogenation (DCM) demonstrates the lowest impact on total ecosystem quality. Both BWOBB and DCM scenarios exhibit the lowest climate change impacts, with 0.15 and 0.19 _CO₂,eq/kg_methanol, respectively, highlighting the role of biomass and renewable hydroelectricity in mitigating climate change. Economically, the natural gas scenario is the most favorable, but among renewable methods, BPBCB achieves the best net present value of 2.043 B$ and a payback period of 6.2 years, making it the most viable alternative to fossil-based methanol production under current conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108324"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiourea-modified silk cotton carbon as an efficient sulfur host: A green approach for advanced aluminum-sulfur battery","authors":"Muhammad Faheem ,&nbsp;Arshad Hussain ,&nbsp;Ananda Sholeh Rifky Hakim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Abbas Saeed Hakeem ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum-sulfur batteries (AlSBs) hold immense promise for sustainable energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density and low-cost materials. However, rapid capacity fading caused by polysulfide shuttling and sluggish reaction kinetics limits their practical viability. Herein, thiourea-modified, biomass-derived carbon (DSC-800), synthesized from silk cotton, is a high-performance sulfur host for AlSBs. DSC-800 achieves a hierarchical porous structure, nitrogen, sulfur co-doping, and enhanced graphitic ordering through hydrothermal treatment and carbonization, enabling effective polysulfide confinement and improved ion and electron transport. The DSC-800-S cathode, with a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹, has an initial discharge capacity of 535 mAh g⁻¹ and retains 200 mAh g⁻¹ (37.4 % retention) after 160 cycles, greatly outperforming the SC-800-S counterpart, which retains only 20 mAh g⁻¹ equivalent over the same period. Impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry further confirm that the hierarchical porosity and heteroatom doping synergistically mitigate polysulfide shuttling and reduce charge-transfer resistance. This work demonstrates the viability of sustainable biomass-derived carbons for advanced sulfur cathodes and delivers a scalable approach to increase the cycling stability of AlSBs for large-scale energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst driven optimization of cogasification and economic evaluation for enriched hydrogen syngas production from lignocellulosic waste toward biorefinery applications","authors":"Suhaib Umer Ilyas ,&nbsp;Muddasser Inayat ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz ,&nbsp;Shaharin A. Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Noor A. Merdad ,&nbsp;Aymn Abdulrahman","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing environmental concerns have driven the search for renewable energy sources, particularly H₂ production. This study evaluated conversion of coconut shells and wood blends in downdraft gasifier to maximize H₂ yield and minimize tar formation in syngas, using mineral catalysts of cement, dolomite, and limestone. Effects of key parameters temperature (700–900 °C), catalyst loading (0–30 wt%), and blending ratio (20–80 wt%) were investigated. Process optimization was performed in Design of Expert and economic analysis was carried out at optimal conditions. Results revealed that dolomite achieved highest H₂ yield, with significant increased from 4.49 to 23.31 vol% as temperature varied from 700 to 900 °C at 15 wt% catalyst loading. In case of cement, H₂ yield increased from 13.22 to 20.57 vol% followed by limestone. CO yield increased from 17.82 to 25.96 vol% at higher temperature. coconut shell proportion in blend marginally improved CO yield. However, higher catalyst loading reduced CO yield. Among all catalysts, limestone yielded highest CO (30.13 vol%) at 900 °C, 30 wt% catalyst loading, and CS50:W50 blend. Tar formation was reduced significantly from 8.02 to 1.17 g/Nm³ with increasing temperature and catalyst loading (dolomite case). Under optimal conditions (900 °C, 30 wt% catalyst loading, CS50:W50) process achieved maximum 23.31 vol% H₂ yield and minimum 1.17 g/Nm³ tar formation. Economic analysis indicated 3.09 MYR/kg syngas production cost that could be further reduced by process scale-up and adopting autothermal gasification. Overall, this study aids in selecting an effective catalyst for biomass gasification and provides an economic analysis to assess its commercial viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the performance optimization and mechanism of Dawson-type P-W-V polyoxometalate catalyzed oxidative depolymerization of lignin to aromatic monomers","authors":"Siao Jiang ,&nbsp;Qi Chu ,&nbsp;Jiran Gao ,&nbsp;Junyou Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin is the most abundant renewable source of aromatic compounds in nature. However, its complex structure poses significant challenges for efficient depolymerization and catalyst design. In this study, a series of Dawson-type vanadium-substituted phosphotungstic polyoxometalates (POMs) were synthesized and used to catalyze the oxidative depolymerization of natural larch lignin to produce aromatic compounds. The reaction mechanism was investigated in depth. By adjusting the vanadium content, the acidity and oxidation ability of the catalyst were precisely controlled at the atomic level. The results showed that the vanadium content significantly affected the monomer yield. Under the optimal conditions (170 °C, 3 h, 1 MPa oxygen, catalyst-to-lignin ratio 1:1), H₉P₂W₁₅V₃O₆₂ achieved the highest aromatic compound yield of 11.42 %, with the selectivity of vanillin and methyl vanillic acid reaching 93.5 %. During the reaction, the acidic and redox properties of POMs promoted the selective conversion of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin to carbonyl structures. This change altered the polarity of the C_α-C_β bond, increased its reactivity, and facilitated bond cleavage. This work achieved precise control over the catalytic activity of POMs and enabled efficient and selective conversion of lignin into high-value phenolic compounds. Additionally, the mechanistic insights obtained in this study provide valuable theoretical and practical support for the high-value utilization of lignin and the development of a sustainable bioeconomy based on biomass resources, which is of significant scientific and economic importance for sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable and eco-friendly rice husk-derived mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with benzotriazole for enhanced corrosion inhibition","authors":"Leni Rumiyanti ,&nbsp;Shania Gracia ,&nbsp;Nurul Imani Istiqomah ,&nbsp;Dyah Ayu Larasati ,&nbsp;Yuliyan Dwi Prabowo ,&nbsp;Nugraheni Puspita Rini ,&nbsp;Wiwien Andriyanti ,&nbsp;Posman Manurung ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma ,&nbsp;Daoud Ali ,&nbsp;Chotimah ,&nbsp;Edi Suharyadi","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion prevention remains a critical global challenge, with inhibitor-loaded nanocontainers offering a promising route to long-term protection. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were sustainably synthesized from rice husk (RH) biomass via an eco-friendly sol–gel method, loaded with benzotriazole (BTA) by impregnation, and incorporated into an epoxy binder to develop a durable, bio-derived corrosion-inhibition system. Transmission electron microscopy revealed uniform particles with an average diameter of 55.3 nm, while X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the SiO₂ phase. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis indicated a pore diameter of 4.7 nm, a specific surface area of 16 m² g⁻¹, and a pore volume of 0.1 cm³ g⁻¹. Corrosion rate testing using the weight-loss method showed a substantial reduction from 3.89 to 1.02 × 10⁻⁴ mm yr⁻¹ with increasing BTA loading, consistent with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results that demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance and reduced double-layer capacitance. Surface morphology analysis confirmed that BTA effectively mitigated typical corrosion defects, including pits, cracks, and irregular deposits. For practical application, RH-MSN–BTA was dispersed into epoxy immediately before coating, ensuring uniform distribution, strong interfacial adhesion, controlled release at microcracks, and extended service life with reduced maintenance requirements. This approach integrates renewable nanocontainers, optimized inhibitor dosage, and in-situ epoxy incorporation to achieve high protection efficiency with environmental compatibility and energy savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of a biocompatible and a distillable solvent for pretreatment of mixed bioenergy feedstocks","authors":"Md Maksudur Rahman ,&nbsp;Matteo Ceriani ,&nbsp;Seontae Kim ,&nbsp;Venkataramana R. Pidatala ,&nbsp;Hemant Choudhary ,&nbsp;Blake A. Simmons ,&nbsp;John M. Gladden ,&nbsp;Alberto Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass deconstruction is a crucial step in the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. However, identifying and selecting an optimal pretreatment solvent that enhances enzymatic saccharification while being cost-efficient and ensuring sustainability remains a challenge. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of the biocompatible ionic liquid cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]) against the distillable solvent ethanolamine, when used for the pretreatment of mixed bioenergy feedstocks, including poplar, switchgrass, and sorghum. [Ch][Lys] was used at a concentration of 10 % wt. in a one-pot configuration without biomass washing and ethanolamine was used in a concentrated form and removed with a vacuum oven, before performing enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial conversion. Our results show that ethanolamine pretreatment consistently enhances the glucose yield across various biomass types compared to [Ch][Lys], with improvements ranging from 22.0 % to 52.7 %. The highest combined sugar release was observed when the three feedstocks were combined in equal amounts and pretreated with ethanolamine, achieving a glucose yield of 84.6 % and a xylose yield of 76.6 %. Additionally, ethanolamine exhibited exceptional solvent recovery efficiency, with removal efficiencies exceeding 99.8 % at 120 °C across all feedstocks, highlighting its advantage over non-distillable solvents. While both solvents produced biocompatible hydrolysates, the hydrolysates prepared using ethanolamine resulted in higher bioproduct formation. These findings highlight the industrial relevance of selecting recyclable and biocompatible solvents for scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective bioenergy production. This study contributes to the development of economically viable and scalable pretreatment technologies for bioenergy applications using different feedstocks and process configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palm oil shell-derived SiO2/hard-carbon-like nanocomposites for a potential application as dual carbon battery electrode","authors":"Kusuma Wardhani Mas'udah ,&nbsp;Diky Anggoro ,&nbsp;Hideki Nakajima ,&nbsp;Ratchadaporn Sapruangnet ,&nbsp;Fahmi Astuti ,&nbsp;Retno Asih ,&nbsp;Darminto Darminto","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm oil shell waste was converted into SiO₂/hard-carbon-like (HC-<em>like</em>) nanocomposites for a dual carbon Na-ion battery through a one-step air pyrolysis process. Heating the shells for 5 h at 400–1000 °C (5 °C min⁻¹) generated hierarchical porosity with BET surface areas of 570–650 m² g⁻¹. X-ray diffraction and elemental mapping confirmed amorphous HC-<em>like</em> carbon intermixed with SiO₂ nanodomains, while XPS and Raman spectroscopy (D <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>1350</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, G <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>1590</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>; weak 2D <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>2700</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) tracked temperature-dependent bond ordering. The electrode prepared from biomass pyrolyzed at 700 °C exhibited the highest specific capacitance (137.0 F g⁻¹), whereas the highest ion diffusion coefficient was observed for the 550 °C sample (5 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10⁻¹³ cm² s⁻¹). Electrochemical performance indicated rapid Na⁺ ion transport at 550 °C and 700 °C, suggesting these as optimal processing temperatures to balance material structure and electrode performance. This study demonstrates that palm oil shells are a sustainable and high-performance precursor for sodium-ion battery anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly-microporous carbon created by mechanochemical recycling herbal waste for supercapacitor with superior energy density","authors":"Shufen Gan ,&nbsp;Xingyan Xie ,&nbsp;Liu Wan ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Du ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingjiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable method for synthesizing highly microporous carbon from recycled biomass waste is an efficient way to repurpose waste resources and produce a promising material for supercapacitor (SC). Herein, a mechanochemical approach was developed to create porous carbon by mixing Plantago seed waste (PS) with K₂CO₃ activator through ball milling, followed by carbonization and water washing, in which over 95 % K₂CO₃ can be recovered. The resulting products exhibit a microporosity ratio exceeding 90 %, hydrophilic surface, amorphous structure, and abundant oxygenic groups. Due to its high microporosity, the symmetric supercapacitor tests revealed that the PSC could store energy across a wide voltage range of 0–4.0 V in a 1.0 M TEABF₄/AN electrolyte, achieving a remarkable energy density of 78.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 2000 W/kg. These results highlight the superior energy storage capabilities of the PSC compared to other carbon-based SCs, including an industrially utilized activated carbon (YP-80F) based SC with energy density of 40.6 Wh/kg at 1500 W/kg. This research demonstrates great potential for practical energy storage applications using the developed material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking sustainable biomass conversion: Enhanced cellulose degradation by a mutant Trichoderma viride JC-1U7","authors":"Jiajia Sun ,&nbsp;Ao Guo ,&nbsp;Lina Tan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Weihao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shenglong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose degradation is a critical process for sustainable biomass conversion, yet finding efficient microbial strains remains a challenge. Current industrial processes often rely on harsh chemical treatments or less efficient enzymatic systems. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel <em>Trichoderma viride</em> JC-1, which exhibits high cellulolytic activity. Through ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis, we generated a mutant strain JC-1U7, with enhanced cellulose-degrading capabilities. The mutant strain demonstrated significant improvements in filter paper activity (FPA), endoglucanase (CMCase), and exoglucanase (<em>p</em>NPCase) activities, with FPA reaching 0.49 U/mL on day 8, CMCase peaking at 3.3 U/mL on day 6, and <em>p</em>NPCase achieving 0.11 U/mL on day 8. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed the structural basis for the enhanced 1,4-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase,1,4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase, and β-1,4-glucosidase enzymatic activity, highlighting the critical roles of key amino acid residues in substrate binding and catalysis. The optimal conditions for Forestry waste's (PPGL) cellulose degradation by strain JC-1U7 were determined to be an inoculum volume of 5 %, pH 5, and a temperature of 25 °C for 8 days. These findings underscore the potential of strain JC-1U7 as a robust biocatalyst for sustainable biomass conversion, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its cellulolytic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108323"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, emissions, life cycle assessment and circular economy analysis of microalgae biodiesel blends in micro gas turbine engines","authors":"A. Pugazhendhi ,&nbsp;S.K. Kamarudin ,&nbsp;Beata Gavurova ,&nbsp;T.R. Praveenkumar ,&nbsp;Manigandan Sekar","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional aviation fuels contribute significantly to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Developing sustainable alternative fuels and propulsion technologies, including microalgae based fuels and fuel cell systems, is critical to reducing the aviation industry's carbon footprint. This study investigates microalgae fuel blends' performance and ecological characteristics in a micro gas turbine (MGT) engine. In addition, life cycle assessment (LCA) and circular economy (CE) analysis were performed to calibrate the effect of the fuel blends on the environment. Four microalgae blends based on the concentration ranging from 20% to 35% (A20, A25, A30, and A35), are prepared by mixing <em>Nannochloropsis</em> sp. microalgae biodiesel with neat Jet A fuel in various proportions. A series of tests were conducted on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics, along with LCA. The MGT was tested at speeds ranging from 30,000 to 70,000 RPM. The LCA and CE study assess the environmental performance of the fuel blends, considering energy efficiency, global warming potential, and well-to-wheel emissions of both carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The experimental results indicate that microalgae blends lead to a reduction in the production of thrust and an increase in thrust-specific fuel consumption compared to Jet A fuel. However, the <em>Nannochloropsis</em> sp. blends exhibit lower turbine inlet and exhaust gas temperatures due to the cooling effect caused by the moisture content in the blends. This has a direct implication on engine component durability. The blends' NOx emissions are slightly higher than those of Jet A fuels, while CO₂ emissions are consistently lower. The LCA and CE results show that the microalgae biodiesel blends have lower energy efficiency but exhibit reduced global warming potential and well-to-wheel CO₂ emissions compared to Jet A fuel. In this study, the combination of experimental testing, LCA and CE provided key insights into the performance and environmental characteristics of these alternative fuels in the MGT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}