Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Thermo-catalytic depolymerization of lignin over Pd-based catalysts: Role of catalyst support on monoaromatics selectivity","authors":"José R. Colina ,&nbsp;Maray Ortega ,&nbsp;Jose Norambuena-Contreras ,&nbsp;Stef Ghysels ,&nbsp;Frederik Ronsse ,&nbsp;Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The condensed structure of technical lignin presents significant challenges in converting it into valuable functionalized building blocks, such as single-ring aromatics. In this study, we explored how palladium-based catalysts influence the selectivity of monoaromatics during the fast pyrolysis depolymerization of lignin. A systematic study on the influence of the pyrolysis temperature (500 &lt; <em>T</em> &lt; 700 °C) and catalyst support nature (SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Carbon) was carried out by analytical pyrolysis. Creosol and guaiacol were the predominant species after non-catalytic and Pd/SiO₂ catalyzed pyrolysis of Kraft lignin. However, when Pd/C and Pd/Al₂O₃ were applied, the selectivity to monoaromatics increased drastically, to 50.9 % and 34.4 %, respectively. The catalytic activity of Pd/C and Pd/Al₂O₃ was ascribed to the presence of medium and weak acid sites in the supports, which provides active sites for phenolics adsorption and deoxygenation. Additionally, metallic Pd sites activated the C-O and H₂ bonds to further assist deoxygenation reactions, thus inducing a bifunctionality to these materials. This study offers valuable insights into the bifunctional effects of supported catalyst during the thermo-catalytic depolymerization of lignin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar in sustainable agriculture and Climate Mitigation: Mechanisms, challenges, and applications in the circular bioeconomy","authors":"Abdul Waheed,&nbsp;Hailiang Xu,&nbsp;Xu Qiao,&nbsp;Aishajiang Aili,&nbsp;Yeernazhaer Yiremaikebayi,&nbsp;Dou Haitao,&nbsp;Murad Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass, has gained significant attention for its potential in sustainable agriculture, environmental management, and climate change mitigation. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research on biochar production, characterization, and its roles in enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity, focusing on novel insights and emerging applications. Biochar improves soil structure, nutrient retention, water-holding capacity, and microbial activity, benefiting degraded soils such as acidic, sandy, and nutrient-poor soils, which are prone to poor water retention and nutrient leaching. Studies have shown that biochars produced from wood and agricultural residues are particularly effective for long-term carbon sequestration and improving soil fertility. Furthermore, biochar has demonstrated significant impacts on boosting crop yields, with some studies reporting up to a 30 % increase in yields for crops grown in nutrient-poor soils. Biochar sequesters carbon for centuries, reduces greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., nitrous oxide by up to 50 %), and mitigates water contamination by adsorbing excess nutrients and heavy metals. Despite these benefits, large-scale biochar application faces challenges, including variable effectiveness across soil types and climates, high production and transport costs, and the need for standardized production methods. This review emphasizes the integration of biochar into waste management and bioenergy systems, aligning it with the principles of a circular bioeconomy. It also underscores the importance of further research to optimize production processes, assess long-term impacts on soil health and crop productivity, and explore biochar's role in enhancing resource efficiency and addressing critical agricultural and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the biogas potential of raw Agave leaf juice: Exploring a novel biomass source","authors":"Maiki S. de Paula ,&nbsp;Oscar F. Herrera Adarme ,&nbsp;Maria Paula C. Volpi ,&nbsp;Carla I. Flores-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Marcelo F. Carazzolle ,&nbsp;Gustavo Mockaitis ,&nbsp;Gonçalo A.G. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of plants from the <em>Agave</em> genus as biomass for biofuel presents great potential for energy transition due to its physiological traits and non-competitiveness with food crops. Brazil, the largest producer of sisal, presents a promising opportunity to use agave residues as substrate for anaerobic digestion. However, few studies address the potential for conversion of raw juice extracted from these plants into methane. This study evaluated the physicochemical and composition characteristics of raw agave juice, as well as its impacts on anaerobic digestion for biogas production and energy recovery. Biochemical Methane Potential assays were conducted with agave juice at concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 gVS/L, both with and without nutritional supplementation. The substrate concentration and nutritional supplementation increased methane production by 3.77- and 2-fold, respectively, showing that increasing substrate concentrations — at constant substrate/inoculum ratio — and nutritional supplementation significantly boosts methane production from agave. This optimization yielded methane yields of up to 626.97 ± 33.20 NmL CH₄/gVS, along with 49.81 kWh of electric energy and 332.98 MJ of thermal energy for each ton of processed agave leaves. These findings enhance our understanding of optimizing biogas production from agave juice, supporting the transition to sustainable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of torrefaction severity on the energy recovery from amazonian wood residues for decentralized energy conversion systems","authors":"Edgar A. Silveira ,&nbsp;Giulia Cruz Lamas ,&nbsp;Pedro Paulo de O. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Normando P.B. Souto ,&nbsp;Bruno Sant’Anna Chaves ,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Galvão ,&nbsp;Lucélia A. Macedo ,&nbsp;Juliana Sabino Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Sandra M. Luz ,&nbsp;Patrick Rousset ,&nbsp;Thiago de Paula Protásio","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil features over 196 isolated energy systems, mainly in the Amazonia, relying on diesel-fired conversion for about 96 % of their energy supply. Given diesel's cost and pollution, there's a significant potential for waste wood from sustainable forest management. This study originally assessed torrefaction (225–275 °C, 60 min) to enhance the energy density of a blend (AB) consisting of six (16.66 %) waste wood: <em>Peltogyne lecointei</em>, <em>Erisma uncinatum</em>, <em>Martiodendron elatum</em>, <em>Handroanthus incanus</em>, <em>Dipteryx odorata</em>, and <em>Allantoma decandra</em>. Torrefaction was evaluated through severity indexes, morphological modification, analytical (proximate, ultimate, and calorific) characterizations and kinetic modeling. TGA assessed the torrefied blend's combustion behavior, and related emissions were determined numerically. Torrefaction modifies the raw material by significantly reducing H/C (from 1.87 to 1.05) and O/C (from 0.70 to 0.47) ratios. Considering AB₂₇₅, fixed carbon sees a 159 % increase, and volatile matter (VM) decreases by 68.3 %. The low ash (0.63 %) in the final product indicates the potential for direct burning and blending for low-ash biofuel. The higher heating value improved from 20.22 to 21.64 MJ kg⁻¹ (1.07 energy densification). Morphological analysis indicated increasing particulate matter and enhanced porosity. The two-step kinetic modeling precisely predicted the solid yield, with R² values of 0.9979, 0.9951, and 0.9996 for AB₂₂₅, AB₂₅₀, and AB₂₇₅. Torrefaction improved thermal stability, impacting ignition dynamics due to lower O/C and VM. Emission factors from the combustion of torrefied products reported lower emissions than diesel, coal and other biomasses: CO₂, NOx, and SO₂ at 1281.67–1487.48, 1.12–1.72, and 0.16–0.25 kg ton⁻¹, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107515"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of advancements in biomass pyrolysis modeling: Applications, challenges, and future perspectives in rotary reactors","authors":"Chaowei Ma ,&nbsp;Ruinan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yulei Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Yu ,&nbsp;Cheng Tan ,&nbsp;Shiliang Yang ,&nbsp;Huili Liu ,&nbsp;Jianhang Hu ,&nbsp;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass pyrolysis holds promise for both economic value and environmental benefits, while rotary reactors offer advantages in material handling and heat transfer. Efficient pyrolysis requires addressing performance metrics, and modeling plays a key role in improving yield and manageability. However, the complexity of biomass composition has limited the effectiveness of many existing models, despite significant progress in the field. This study examines the distinct operational conditions of rotary reactors, offering an extensive overview of the present state of biomass pyrolysis modeling while investigating possible approaches to enhance the accuracy of these models. Additionally, the paper highlights experimental research and advancements in CFD modeling related to biomass pyrolysis within rotary reactors. The paper begins with a detailed introduction to the biomass particles’ motion behavior and the heat transfer mechanisms within rotary reactors. Following this, a critical evaluation of existing biomass pyrolysis modeling methods, including macroscopic kinetic modeling, molecular dynamics modeling, CFD modeling, and machine learning algorithms, is presented. Specifically addressing biomass pyrolysis in rotary reactors, the paper summarizes relevant experimental studies, discussing optimal conditions for producing pyrolysis oil under different operational parameters. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth discussion on the development and application of predictive modeling tools based on the two-fluid model and coupled CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Method). Finally, the paper highlights challenges in biomass pyrolysis modeling and recommends focusing on particle model optimization, refining chemical reaction kinetics, and improving parallel computing efficiency for future research on modeling pyrolysis in rotary furnaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of slow-release performance of high-sugar biomass waste filter mud and sugarcane bagasse by co-hydrothermal carbonization and potential evaluation of hydrochar-based slow-release fertilizers","authors":"Sisi Chen ,&nbsp;Xingying Tang ,&nbsp;Jiquan Chen ,&nbsp;Yuyang Xue ,&nbsp;Yinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Donghai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the impact of process parameters, including reaction temperature (180–300 °C), residence time (30–120 min), and mixing ratios (1:0∼5:1), on hydrochar properties of high-sugar biomass waste filter mud and sugarcane bagasse in the co-hydrothermal carbonization. The hydrochar is comprehensively characterized using Proximate analysis, industrial analysis, scanning electron microscopy, multi-point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The urea release patterns from hydrochar-based slow-release fertilizers were assessed across different hydrochar-to-fertilizer ratios, and the reaction path during co-hydrothermal carbonization was analyzed. The findings reveal that hydrochar produced 240°C-60min-5:1 had a notably high specific surface area (45.921 m²/g), abundant functional groups, and exceptional adsorption capabilities, which was suitable for preparing slow-release fertilizers. The hydrochar-based slow-release fertilizer formulated at a hydrochar-to-fertilizer ratio of 5:1 had the optimal slow-release performance, and the cumulative release rate of urea in 7d was 49.65 %, which was more than 40 % lower than that of pure urea. These results underscore the promising agricultural applications of products derived from the co-hydrothermal carbonization of filter mud and sugarcane bagasse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107557"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on preparation of new solid fuel and its combustion performance from bio-oil and waste cooking oil mixture via vacuum distillation","authors":"Shanshan Shao ,&nbsp;Miaoling Luo ,&nbsp;Xiankun Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Li ,&nbsp;Shiliang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixture of bio-oil and waste cooking oil with long carbon-chain was used to produce bio-coal via vacuum distillation, so as to improve its physicochemical properties especially its combustion performance as a new solid fuel. The effect of ratio of meat or vegetable oil represented by lard and soybean oil in the mixture (L-Oil and S-Oil) on the physical and chemical properties of bio-coal was studied emphatically. The results revealed that the bio-coal obtained via vacuum distillation of bio-oil mixed with 40 % S-oil (SBC) including more carbon content and fatty acid presented better physicochemical properties than that of bio-coal obtained by mixing L-oil (LBC) with higher carbon content (82.74 %) and calorific value (34.19 MJ/kg) basically similar to that of the commercial coal. The above bio-coal and anthracite were mixed to investigate their combustion characteristics. The TG analysis revealed that there is a synergistic effect in the combustion of the mixed bio-coal and anthracite, and the combustion temperature range of bio-coal are lower than that of anthracite. Further mixing of bio-coal was helpful to improve the flame stability and reduce the ignition temperature. Kissen-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-WallOzawa (FWO) and Starink were used for the kinetic analysis, and the statistical R² factors of the three methods were greater than 0.973, which reflected the high reliability of the calculation methods, and proved that the kinetics of the process are significantly influenced by the calorific rate. Overall, the high-valued utilization of bio-oil and food waste was realized in this study to produce a sustainable fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biodiesel production and properties enhancement from locally sourced Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as an alternative biofuel feedstock in Thailand","authors":"Sumana Tawil ,&nbsp;Wuttichai Roschat ,&nbsp;Sunti Phewphong ,&nbsp;Aonuma Wonam ,&nbsp;Thapanapong Kaisri ,&nbsp;Krittiyanee Namwongsa ,&nbsp;Aekkaphon Thammayod ,&nbsp;Tappagorn Leelatam ,&nbsp;Bunterm Maneerat ,&nbsp;Preecha Moonsin ,&nbsp;Boonyawan Yoosuk ,&nbsp;Pathompong Janetaisong ,&nbsp;Vinich Promarak","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of biodiesel production from roselle seed oil (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> L.) as a sustainable energy source. The oil extraction, performed via Soxhlet extraction with hexane, yielded a higher oil content of 21.10 ± 0.53 % w/w, compared to the cold pressing method (8.94 ± 0.10 % w/w). Notably, the cloud point and pour point were both below 0 °C, effectively reducing wax formation in cold conditions. Chemical composition analysis revealed that roselle seed oil contains a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (79.65 %), predominantly <em>cis</em>-oleic acid (C_18:1) and <em>cis</em>-linoleic acid (C_18:2). Structural confirmations were obtained through ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FT-IR analyses, validating the fatty acid structure and functional groups in the oil. In terms of biodiesel production, the reaction rate constant for roselle seed oil was determined to be 6.27 × 10⁻¹ h⁻¹, comparable to other vegetable oils. Blending the biodiesel with B7 diesel at 20 % ratio significantly enhanced fuel properties: kinematic viscosity decreased from 4.50 ± 0.05 cSt to 3.85 ± 0.03 cSt, density decreased from 882 ± 4 kg/m³ to 864 ± 4 kg/m³, and acid value dropped from 0.43 ± 0.021 mg KOH/g oil to 0.28 ± 0.011 mg KOH/g oil, benefiting engine longevity. Additionally, the heating value increased from 9410 ± 67 kcal/kg to 9864 ± 73 kcal/kg, improving combustion characteristics. The findings indicate that roselle seed oil can serve as an effective raw material for biodiesel production, supporting the development of renewable energy sources in Thailand and contributing to the nation's energy security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107596"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive utilization of pentanol and its blends as diesel engine fuel: A review","authors":"Yahya Çelebi ,&nbsp;Mazlum Cengiz ,&nbsp;Hüseyin Aydın","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating concerns over greenhouse gas emissions coupled with energy security challenges have intensified the search for alternatives to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels. Fuel type is a critical factor influencing combustion behavior, engine performance, and exhaust gas emissions. Pentanol emerges as a promising next-generation fuel candidate, though its current production relies heavily on petrochemical materials. Market volatility and diminishing oil reserves have accelerated research efforts toward developing sustainable production methods and scaling up renewable pentanol synthesis. This review covers pentanol from multiple perspectives including raw materials, manufacturing techniques, supply and demand dynamics, alternative fuel applications as a diesel engine fuel. It focuses on providing a comprehensive analysis of the performance metrics, emission profiles, and combustion characteristics of pentanol and its blends in diesel engines. Through detailed assessment of existing research, this study identifies with key findings and proposes future directions. It serves as an essential reference for researchers exploring pentanol as an alternative fuel source, providing them with comprehensive and up-to-date information on this promising energy carrier in compression ignition engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonization of rice husk in an oxygen-limited counter-current combustion and KOH activation of the biochar","authors":"Xiaobin Qi ,&nbsp;Liuyong Jin ,&nbsp;Songyan Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biochar prepared from biomass by carbonization has been widely used due to the developed pore structure and chemically active surface. In this study, one carbonization method of rice husk via self-sustaining oxygen-limited counter-current combustion was proposed. Such a combustion process has a dynamic propagating combustion front with a temperature of 632–1023 °C, allowing the effective carbonization of rice husk with a removal ratio of volatile matter inside rice husk as high as 98.3 %. For this special combustion process, increasing the oxygen concentration achieves a milder but faster carbonization process, characterized with shorter residence time, lower combustion front temperature and higher biochar yield. Compared to the pyrolyzed biochar prepared by the external heating method, the biochar prepared via this combustion process is of a more developed amorphous structure and more oxygen-containing function groups, making the biochar more easily chemically etched and inspiring more activation reactions. Such biochar is suitable to prepare the mesopore-dominated activated carbon, especially at low mass ratios of KOH to char. At the ratio of 4, an optimal activation effect with a specific surface area (<em>S</em>_BET) of 2863 m² g⁻¹ and total pore volume (<em>V</em>_TOT) of 1.854 cm³ g⁻¹ is achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107599"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}