Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of sugar beet pulp via gasification for hydrogen-rich syngas production: Experimental study, optimization, and modeling","authors":"Serkan Karadeniz,&nbsp;Tolga Kaan Kanatlı,&nbsp;Nasrin Pourmoghaddam,&nbsp;Şehnaz Genç,&nbsp;Salahaldeen M.A. Aljafreh,&nbsp;Nezihe Ayas","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-rich syngas production through gasification of sugar beet pulp (SBP), a byproduct of sugar processing factories, was investigated in the presence of dolomite-supported Ni and Ni-La catalysts. For this purpose, catalysts with varying metal loadings (10, 20% Ni and 10–1, 10-3% Ni-La by wt%) were synthesized via the impregnation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Gasification experiments with 10% Ni/Dolomite catalyst examined the effects of gasification temperature (600, 700, and 800 °C), and equivalence ratio (ER = 0.03, 0.09, 0.15), where the highest hydrogen concentration of 23.1 mol% (2.2 mol H₂/kg SBP) was achieved at 700 °C, 0.03 ER. In the subsequent steam gasification experiments, the effects of catalyst type, steam-to-biomass (S:B) ratio, reaction temperature, and gasification duration were studied. Experimental highest hydrogen concentration (61.6%) and syngas calorific value (7535 kJ/m³) were achieved with the 10-3% Ni-La/Dolomite catalyst. Optimization studies were performed using full factorial design, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Modeling of the gasification process employed Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using Keras model in Python. Optimum gasification conditions were identified as 711.20 °C, 14.58 min, and S:B = 4.99, yielding 57.7 mol% hydrogen for 10% Ni/Dolomite catalyst. This study demonstrates that optimized steam gasification effectively valorizes sugar beet pulp by achieving high hydrogen yields and concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascading fractionation of sugarcane bagasse via a novel bio-based organic amine solvent mediated green biorefinery process","authors":"Jun Deng ,&nbsp;Xinshu Zhuang ,&nbsp;Changlin Miao ,&nbsp;Yuanlong Xu ,&nbsp;Quan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing renewable, biodegradable organic solvent systems remains a significant challenge. In this study, two solvent systems ethanolamine-aqueous (EA-H₂O) and ethanolamine-potassium hydroxide (EA-KOH) were constructed to investigate their effects on the solid recovery, cell wall components, and polymers extraction in sugarcane bagasse. Additionally, the feasibility of using the organic waste liquid generated during lignocellulose fractionation process as a liquid fertilizer was evaluated. Under optimal conditions combining 20 % (v/v) EA and 1 % (w/v) KOH at 70 °C for 3 h, 77.1 % of lignin and 21.8 % of hemicellulose were removed with 94.1 % of cellulose retention. Also, the optimal pretreated residue achieved 82.4 % glucose yield and 78.2 % xylose yield with enzymatic hydrolysis by removing lignin and boosting cellulose accessibility. Notably, the EA-KOH aqueous solvent system demonstrated effective recyclability and reusability. And the recovered lignin exhibits reduced heterogeneity with low molecular weight. Furthermore, the liquid waste resulting from lignin recovery stimulates rice seedling growth by boosting biomass yield and photosynthetic pigments content. Hence, this eco-friendly EA-KOH system allows for the effective and complete utilization of all components in sugarcane bagasse, facilitating the green biorefinery realization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in separation and storage of lignocellulosic biomass-derived liquid and gaseous biofuels: A comprehensive review","authors":"Aditya Sharma ,&nbsp;Suman Salhotra ,&nbsp;Ranju Kumari Rathour ,&nbsp;Preeti Solanki ,&nbsp;Chayanika Putatunda ,&nbsp;Meenu Hans ,&nbsp;Abhishek Walia ,&nbsp;Ravi Kant Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global availability of nearly 200 billion tonnes of lignocellulosic biomass has intensified the pursuit of advanced separation, purification, and storage technologies to enhance the quality, yield, and accessibility of sustainable biofuels. The complex composition of biomass hydrolysates, the presence of inhibitory byproducts, and the energy-intensive nature of separation and storage often contributing 40–70 % of total production costs present major challenges for the efficient separation and storage of biomass-derived liquid and gaseous biofuels. Novel approaches to liquid biofuel purification, such as advanced distillation (extractive, azeotropic), membrane separation (nanofiltration, pervaporation), and adsorption (molecular sieves, activated carbon), have shown promise whereas integrated membrane-distillation systems, further, reduce energy consumption by up to 57 % while achieving &amp; &gt; 99.5 % purity in ethanol and butanol. In bioethanol, biobutanol, liquid-liquid extraction, and gas stripping have gained popularity, while pyrolysis oil fractional condensation is used to separate valuable fractions. Advancements in gaseous biofuel purification include pressure swing adsorption for biogas upgrading and membrane technologies for CO₂ and H₂S removal. Emerging technologies like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents offer potential for energy-efficient, selective separation, while cryogenic storage at −253 °C and pressures up to 700 bar, along with hybrid storage systems, further improve the safety and stability of gaseous fuels. Process intensification through modular and integrated systems, combined with the use of (Artificial Intelligence) AI for optimization, is reshaping purification workflows. Sustainability assessments highlight the importance of striking a balance between efficiency and environmental impact. This review emphasizes the importance of separation and storage in enabling the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biofuels, as well as providing insights for developing renewable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of miscanthus biomass grown in a field contaminated with diesel: Focus on yield, lignocellulose and hydrocarbons","authors":"Hana Burdová ,&nbsp;Diana Polanská Nebeská ,&nbsp;Dominik Pilnaj ,&nbsp;Sylvie Kříženecká ,&nbsp;Josef Trögl","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Miscanthus x giganteus</em> (<em>Mxg</em>) is a second-generation energy crop that exhibits potential for cultivation in degraded lands. However, the suboptimal soil conditions can affect biomass production and quality. The impact of diesel contamination (12 g kg⁻¹) on biomass yield and properties was examined under field conditions. The petroleum hydrocarbons removal rate during one growing season reached an average of 62 %. Surprisingly, the biomass yield in the contaminated soil (4.8 t ha⁻¹) was six times higher than in the uncontaminated plot (0.9 t ha⁻¹). The lignocellulose composition of leaves and stems was not altered by pollution. The values were 5.9 ± 0.2 % for lignin, 30.6 ± 3.0 % for cellulose and 32.0 ± 1.0 % for hemicelluloses. The analysis of hydrocarbons in leaves and stems showed no evidence of translocation of contaminants from soil or air, identifying the different sets of compounds. The main long-chain n-alkanes analyzed in the leaves were components of plant epicuticular waxes of natural origin. Namely, n-heptacosane (C27), n-nonacosane (C29) and n-hentriacontane (C31) were the dominant compounds. These results demonstrate the potential of <em>Mxg</em> as a suitable candidate for phytomanagement of diesel-contaminated sites without compromising biomass yield, quality or its potential for bioenergy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-treatment of organic biomass in the context of stand-alone and integrated anaerobic digestion–pyrolysis for enhanced product recovery: A critical review of challenges and opportunities","authors":"Habiba Sarwar ,&nbsp;Arun Vuppaladadiyam ,&nbsp;Adithya Venkatachalapati ,&nbsp;Nimesha Ratnayake ,&nbsp;Kamrun Nahar ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Jena ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Hari Vuthaluru ,&nbsp;Kalpit Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic biomass is a widely available renewable resource with significant potential to reduce dependence on fossil-based energy and support large-scale sustainable biorefineries. Nonetheless, to enhance the suitability of organic wastes for conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels, identifying effective pre-treatment strategies that can reduce the inherent structural complexity and resistance to degradation is critical. This review critically examines various pre-treatment techniques, including mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological methods, and their influence on biomass structure, inhibitor generation, and conversion performance in stand-alone and integrated anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis (Py) systems. The review explores how pre-treatment facilitates improved biodegradability in AD and alters thermal decomposition behaviour in Py, thereby enhancing the yield and quality of resulting products such as methane, bio-oil, and biochar. Furthermore, with growing interest in integrated AD–Py configurations to maximise resource recovery and process efficiency, this study discusses the role of pre-treatment in bridging these two technologies. In addition, the techno-economic and environmental implications of pre-treatment are also evaluated, highlighting trade-offs such as increased energy input or chemical usage versus improved energy recovery and product quality. The review identifies critical challenges, including inhibitor management, process scalability, and sustainability barriers. It also outlines future research directions to develop robust, low-impact, cost-effective pre-treatment strategies tailored for individual and integrated AD–Py pathways. This work aims to support the design of next-generation biorefineries capable of achieving high-efficiency, circular bioresource utilisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and quantitively analysis on the high solid biowaste de-sanding utilizing hydrocyclone","authors":"Xiang Fang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Fan ,&nbsp;Xiujin Li ,&nbsp;Xueren Li ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Tu ,&nbsp;Zhengbiao Peng ,&nbsp;Dazhao Gou ,&nbsp;Jianrong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient separation of inorganic particulate matter from organic waste during pretreatment is crucial for enhancing anaerobic fermentation performance. This study presents a numerical investigation of the de-sanding process in high-solid biowaste using a dual-inlet hydrocyclone. The flow behavior and particle dynamics under various operating conditions were analyzed. Results show that organic particles tend to follow the liquid flow pattern, whereas the motion of sand particles is significantly influenced by total solids (TS) concentration and feed velocity. Separation efficiency decreases with increasing feed rate and TS concentration, with feed velocity having a more pronounced effect. Notably, 100 % separation efficiency was achieved at a feed velocity of 2.5 m/s with 2 % TS concentration. Quantitative analysis further revealed that optimal sand separation occurred when particle velocities approached 3 m/s. These findings offer valuable insights into the biowaste de-sanding mechanism and provide guidance for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived carbon co-processed in a laboratory-scale coking unit: Detailed chemical evaluation of liquid products and their distillation cuts","authors":"Raquel V.S. Silva ,&nbsp;Adriana M. Borges ,&nbsp;Vanessa O. Nunes ,&nbsp;Vinicius B. Pereira ,&nbsp;Karen T. Stelzer ,&nbsp;Andrea R. Pinho ,&nbsp;Débora A. Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insertion of biofuels into conventional refineries is a promising option that can increase the green carbon content of traditional fossil fuels and products. However, the influence of bio-oil (BO) inclusion in the typical steps of conventional refineries is still understudied. This work aims to perform individual chemical structural elucidation of coking liquid products from slow pyrolysis bio-oils co-processed with vacuum residue (VR), as well as their distilled fractions to evaluate the influence of BO inclusion in a conventional refinery process. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in positive and negative modes were used. Liquid products were obtained in a laboratory-scale coking unit using three batch loadings: (A) 100 % VR, (B) 95 % VR and 5 % BO; and (C) 90 % VR and 10 % BO. The biomass-derived carbon inclusion in the coking batch promoted the reduction of alkane, olefin, and alkyl-thiophene concentrations in the liquid product. Biogenic C1-alkyl-cyclopentenones (42.7 μg g⁻¹) and C1-C3 alkyl-cyclopentenones (392.3 μg g⁻¹) were detected in liquid product B and C, respectively. After distillation, a greater bio-oil contribution was observed in light gasoils. Thus, biomass-derived carbon co-processed in the coking unit can increase the green carbon content, particularly in naphtha and light gasoil products, and can represent a good option for a fair energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, assessment, and efficiency of rice husk ash (RHA) infused by eggshell as a hybrid catalyst towards biodiesel synthesis from iluppai ennai oil","authors":"Amit Kumar Rajak ,&nbsp;Devi Lal Mahato ,&nbsp;Shivani Dalal ,&nbsp;Syeda Fatima Zeenath ,&nbsp;Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad ,&nbsp;Ramyakrishna Pothu ,&nbsp;Masimukku Srinivaas ,&nbsp;Senthilkumar Nangan ,&nbsp;Rajender Boddula","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the growing demand for sustainable fuel alternatives by developing a solid, eco-friendly catalyst for biodiesel production. Waste eggshells and rice husks were repurposed to create a heterogeneous alkaline catalyst, offering a low-cost and efficient solution. Rice husks were alkali-treated to extract silica, which was mixed with eggshells and calcined at 800 °C to produce calcium silicate in varying ratios (10 %–50 %). Among them, the catalyst containing 30 % eggshell (RHA+30 % EH) exhibited the highest calcium (44.58 %) and silica (51.82 %) content and was selected for transesterification of Lluppai ennai oil into biodiesel. Process parameters ethanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst loading, temperature, and time were optimized, yielding a maximum biodiesel conversion of 94.8 % under ideal conditions: 15:1 ethanol-to-oil molar ratio, 2 wt% catalyst, 150 min at 80 °C. The catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, XRF, and XPS, while the biodiesel product was validated via FT-IR, GC, and NMR techniques, meeting ASTM standards. The catalyst retained its efficiency over five reuse cycles, confirming its potential for industrial application as a sustainable, reusable, and effective catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biochar production from shrimp pond algal waste: Optimization of pyrolysis parameters using the L9 Taguchi method","authors":"Shushree Prachi Palai ,&nbsp;Soumyaranjan Senapati ,&nbsp;Sthitiprajna Muduli ,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Panda ,&nbsp;Tapan Kumar Bastia ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar Parhi","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algal blooms <em>(Spirogyra)</em>, a common environmental challenge in shrimp farming, offer a valuable opportunity for sustainable waste conversion into biochar. This study evaluates the feasibility of producing biochar from algal biomass through pyrolysis, focusing on optimizing three key process parameters: temperature, residence time, and heating rate. An L9 Taguchi orthogonal array was used to design the experiments. Biochar yield and quality were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques, including PXRD, FESEM, EDAX, CHNS, RAMAN, FTIR, BET, XPS, analysis, particle density, and pH measurement, to understand the physicochemical properties of the resulting biochar. From the characterization data, the optimization of biochar yield in the context of the functional group's perspective and surface area is 70.5 % and 66.1 %, respectively. The pyrolyzed product, pristine biochar, demonstrated that processing conditions significantly influence biochar structure and properties quantitatively and qualitatively. These findings provide insight into optimal pyrolysis parameters for enhancing biochar quality, with potential applications in environmental remediation and agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fertility management for sustainable Miscanthus × giganteus production: Increased tiller weight from nitrogen management explains yield gains in aged miscanthus","authors":"Nictor Namoi ,&nbsp;Chunhwa Jang ,&nbsp;Thomas Voigt ,&nbsp;DoKyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging-related yield decline in <em>Miscanthus × giganteus</em> (miscanthus) remains a major constraint to sustainable biomass production. This study evaluated how nitrogen (N) management and soil fertility influence yield-component traits and productivity in aging miscanthus. Trials were conducted at two sites established in 2008 at the University of Illinois Energy Farm, Urbana, IL. (i) The Sun Grant trial received 0, 60, and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ annually until 2015. Starting 2021, half of each plot received 60 or 120 kg N ha⁻¹, resulting in six legacy-contemporary treatments: 0N–0N, 0N–120N, 60N–0N, 60N–60N, 120N–0N, 120N–120N. (ii) The Energy Farm trial remained unfertilized until 2014, when one half of each plot received 56 kg N ha⁻¹, forming two treatments: 0N–0N, 0N–56N. Sun Grant trial results showed N fertilization increased tiller density (tillers m⁻²) and tiller weight (g tiller⁻¹) in juvenile to early-mature miscanthus (2011–2015). After N withdrawal, both traits declined (20 % and 40 %), though legacy effects persisted in tiller weight in the aging stands (2020–2023). Contemporary N had little effect on tiller density but increased tiller weight by 34 %–77 %, resulting in 23 %–106 % higher machine-harvested biomass yield in 0–120N, 60-60N, and 120-120N plots. At the Energy Farm trial, 0N–56N plots yielded 59 %–108 % more biomass than 0N–0N. Soil total N increased (Sun Grant: 47 % by 2020; Energy Farm: 58 % by 2023), while Mehlich-3 P (42 %–44 %) and K (21 %–46 %) declined. These findings identify tiller weight as a key determinant of biomass yield in aging miscanthus and highlight the need for P and K management for long-term productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108394"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}