{"title":"Indian Exploitation of Kashmir Through the Phenomenon of Terrorism: A Case Study","authors":"Raja Wasim Shahid","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).06","url":null,"abstract":"The genesis of conflict roots back to the exploitation of the Muslim majority by the Hindu rulers from1846 on-wards. Conflict broke out between India and Pakistan in 1947 as India took the matter to the UNSC which decided on a plebiscite to determine the will of the people. After the initial agreement, India slowly deviated to portray Kashmir as her internal issue. Having failed to suppress Kashmiri sentiment, India tried to crush resistance through brutal laws enacted in the garb of combating terrorism. In the process, it unleashed the worst form of state terrorism against the Kashmiri masses through a process of huge military deployment, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests, rapes and intimidation. This article makes an attempt to understand how the Indian state, used terrorism as a weapon to obfuscate, mask and in fact change the nature of a pure struggle for the right of self-determination to tag it as terrorism.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115719827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sardar M. A. W. K. Arif, Bushra Bannian, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi
{"title":"The Doctrine of Use of Force in Self-defense and International Law: Prospects and Contours","authors":"Sardar M. A. W. K. Arif, Bushra Bannian, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).02","url":null,"abstract":"The law on “Use of Force in Self-Defense under International Law” aims to secure both state sovereignty and international peace. This is not only one of the most significant doctrines developed by the United Nations (UN) but is also most challenging to implement in true spirit as its interpretation often get spoliticised. The controversies spark not on the legality of self-defense but on proper identification of the circumstances under which it applies, and the debate continues till date (Azubuike, 2011). Hence changing interpretations of this norm by states continue to arise different response and threats every time this notion is applied. The present article is an effort to analyse the true meaning of the doctrine of \"use of force (UOF) in self-defense (SD)”, it highlights the scope of SD, and examines its various aspects. The article concludes that while the principles on UOF in SD are very well drafted, there exist an immense need to understand the applicability of this norm, the willingness of states to exercise it in its true spirit, and collective effort by states, international organizations, and the UN can prove effective in this respect.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122081625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iranian Perspective for a Nuclear Free Zone in the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Rida Tanvir, Qandil Abbas, Waseem Ishaque","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).03","url":null,"abstract":"Iran has remained a controversial topic for many decades among the international actors as well as some regional actors of the Middle East. The nuclear program of Iran has been the center of U.S. attention, and thus Iran underwent various sanctions. It was not until 2015 that the doors to U.S. cooperation opened for Iran, only to be closed two years later in 2017 by U.S. President Donald Trump.This bolted all prospects of Iranian intentions for negotiating a similar deal for Israel to have a nuclear-weapon-free Middle East. Despite being subjected to various allegations and sanctions, Iran continues in its efforts to make the Middle East a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone. This initiative will open doors for various opportunities for the regional as well as the periphery states.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129201978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"External Dynamics in China's Afghan Policy Behavior","authors":"M. N. Akhter","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).04","url":null,"abstract":"As the US leaves Afghanistan, China rushes to fill the void. The transformation in China’s foreign policy behavior towards Afghanistan is somewhat an aberration from historical trends. Now, growing bilateral relations between China and Afghanistan are making policy experts surprised to what is behind this recent diplomatic push up of China. The paper analyses three external factors shaping China’s Afghanistan approach: (1) withdrawal of the US-led western forces from Afghanistan forcing China to anticipate inimical forces will take the lead in Afghanistan, (2) Indian role and its long-lasting effects on Chinese interests in Afghanistan, (3) how regional countries around Afghanistan view the post-withdrawal situation and its policy implications for China. The research concludes that these external determinants, less or more, have far-reaching implications for China’s foreign policy towards Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124138348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Latent Operational Sway of Modern Indian Conventional Weapons on the Armed Forces of Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ali Baig","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iv).05","url":null,"abstract":"Attaining and maintaining operations security remains the primary objective of armed forces on modern battlefields. Due to their flexibility in employment, conventional weapons are the true weapons of war and warfare, and in turn, significantly affect the operational environment based on their offensive as well as defensive capabilities. South Asia being a nuclear flashpoint is still characterized by conventional weapons. This paper intends to investigate the traditional weapon modernization undertaken by India and the likely impact of systems such as the Russian-built T-90S Main Battle Tank and S-400 Missile System, French-built Rafale Omni-role aircraft, and the Indian Navy aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya on the Armed Forces of Pakistan. The paper aspires to examine how and why these weapons and their acquisitions and deployments are likely to affect the operations security of both rival armed forces and recommend several conventional responses to enhance it, with special regard to Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122650967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Great Power Competition And Covid-19","authors":"Noor Fatima, Tayyaba Zaman Janjua, S. Abbas","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).01","url":null,"abstract":"The competition among great powers in the COVID-19 is the prime focus of this paper. As the great powers China, Russia and United States instead of cooperating in the crisis situation and generating global response towards pandemic they started accusing each other for the spread of virus. These great powers adopted vaccine nationalism and went for vaccine diplomacy. Moreover these great powers manufactured their own vaccines and promoted self-manufactured vaccines instead of generating collectively response towards the crisis resultantly which created more challenges for world.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125794350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arms Race and its Impact on South Asia","authors":"Muhammad Muneeb Tariq, M. Ullah, Safia","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).02","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims at investigating the ongoing arms race in South Asia. The escalating competition of arms race between Pakistan and India has enormous impacts on the stability of the region. Indian initiation of acquiring any weapon, conventional or non-conventional, Pakistan will go through the same route. Indian aspiration of acquiring a new defense system, S-400 missiles, and recent successful test of anti-satellite weapons poses a serious threat to the security and stability of Pakistan.Consequently, Pakistan will also go for the smart technological weapon. The main aim of this paper is to investigate that which reasons urge Pakistan-India to go through for adopting hazardous nuclear weapons,spending more budget of G.D.P. on defense, and modernizing the military capability in the conflict-prone region. This competition of arms race in the crisis-prone region will, no doubt, lead to the destruction of the region","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127760605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Media as Tool of Hybrid War Fare and Impact on Optimistic Thinking of Pakistani Nation","authors":"K. Rehman, Imran Ashraf","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).05","url":null,"abstract":"The optimism is the state of being cheerful or hopeful about the future and about the world around. Optimism is defined as watching the bright side of a future to come. It involves ignoring the factors like demoralization, anxious feelings about future that involves over thinking, negative outcomes etc. Human beings foresee the effects in positive and negative ways. People who are positive in their approach regarding thinking, behavior and affects are always optimistic. Optimism is linked with precise cooperating style, ambition framing and constructive affect. Optimists demonstrate interest to positive information and show active engagement and trouble solving type behaviors. Optimists tend towards goal commitment, where the aim is to achieve the end result. Freedom and diversity are the optimistic version of the tendency for media to have a fragmenting effect on society that can also be liberating. The media spread new ideas and encourage mobility, change and modernization.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133059024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges to Biosecurity: Improving Responses and Reducing Challenges","authors":"Tayyaba Zaman Janjua, Noor Fatima, Kokab Saba","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).03","url":null,"abstract":"The research explores the existing challenges to bio security due to competition among the great powers in the international system and hence focuses on how those challenges can be managed by increasing responses and reducing challenges at the state and global levels. The research hence focused on how the global community should respond so as to reduce challenges to bio security and hence suggests recommendations so as to mitigate the threats to bio security at the state and global level.This phenomenon of competition among great powers has generated many challenges to bio security. The vulnerabilities to the domain of bio security have much increased due to great powers competition. Hence in the COVID-19 outbreak, the Great power competition has lowered the measures of bio security and increased many threats to it.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122202401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Resurgence of Militant Groups in Pakistan After Taliban Invasion of Afghanistan","authors":"Noor Saeed Khan, Noor ul Ain Naseem, M. Ullah","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).04","url":null,"abstract":"Peace and stability are the utmost need for protecting the South Asian region from the ripple effects of the ongoing crisis situation in Afghanistan. The Taliban’s rise to power in Kabul has engendered a difficult choice—the hard path of peace or reversion to civil war. The latter has deep repercussions for the entire world, particularly Pakistan. It is because of the fact that wars in Afghanistan have twisting but contrasting impacts on the societal level of both states simultaneously. The Taliban’s rise in Kabul has uptick the non-conventional security threats for Pakistan including its border security. The recent momentum in the attack of TTP and militant groups on security forces in Pakistan is a testimony tothis fact. TTP leaders and different other non-state actors inspired by either TPP’s ideology or encouraged and funded by India have received impetus from the ‘blitzkrieg’ of Taliban in Kabul.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}