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Political Elite and Extremism: A Challenge for the Stability of Pakistan 政治精英与极端主义:对巴基斯坦稳定的挑战
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).10
Fozia Bibi, Qaiser Iqbal, Abida Yousaf
{"title":"Political Elite and Extremism: A Challenge for the Stability of Pakistan","authors":"Fozia Bibi, Qaiser Iqbal, Abida Yousaf","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).10","url":null,"abstract":"The extreme behaviours of Pakistani politicians are another dilemma which is prompting different kinds of extreme norms in Pakistani politics. Moreover, political extremism is another factor which is creating a ground for religious extremism in our country. The focal point of this study lies in many factors which are enhancing extremism in different fields of life: such as lack of trustworthy nationwide political parties, multi-party system, switching parties and affiliation for personal interest, fake promises of politicians before elections, and use of Islam for political purposes. The problem of extremism cannot be eliminated until and unless the Pakistani government will not take proper measure to cope with it.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123825095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CPEC and Balochistan: Challenges to Security 中巴经济走廊和俾路支省:安全挑战
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).09
Kishwar Munir, M. Asghar, Zainab Ahmed
{"title":"CPEC and Balochistan: Challenges to Security","authors":"Kishwar Munir, M. Asghar, Zainab Ahmed","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).09","url":null,"abstract":"CPEC is integral to the development, prosperity and security of Pakistan, the Geo-politics and Geo-economics of the region and the vision of the Belt and Road Initiative connecting three continents. Balochistan province is the most important for the realization and perpetuation of this project. The internal security of Balochistan and the involvement of various regional actors complicate the security matrix posing the biggest challenge to the project. However, the project can ensure the security of Balochistan. If neighboring countries are involved in the development and prosperity of the project it can revolutionize the future of the project. Therole of Iran is the most important as it was the major competing country having a role in Afghanistan and close ties with India. Iran joining the project can neutralize major threats to the CPEC. This study is aimed at analyzing the security of CPEC in Balochistan through the matrix of regional actors' interests.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethnic Conflict, Politics and Pakistan's Security Dilemma: What Went Wrong 民族冲突、政治和巴基斯坦的安全困境:哪里出了问题
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).06
N. Akhtar, Inamullah Jan
{"title":"Ethnic Conflict, Politics and Pakistan's Security Dilemma: What Went Wrong","authors":"N. Akhtar, Inamullah Jan","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).06","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnic political card has been influential in Pakistan’s political history. Political and military leadership, in the past, have been dealing with political issues on the basis of ethnicity-for political objectives.Pakistan’s four provinces have their own ethnic identity; they promote regionalism instead of nationalism.Balochistan, the most troubling area, is experiencing unrest due to constant insurgency based on ethnicity.Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), a new ethnic group, has taken root since 2018. PTM has been posing a new challenge to the state and security establishment. This paper examines the adverse impact of ethnic conflict and politics on national politics and security in the country. The new movement under PTM in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KPK) and one of the national political parties in Sindh have posed a grave challenge to the state and its security establishment. The central question of this paper is; why does ethnic conflict pose a security threat? And what are the new trends in ethnic politics?","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
US Engagement with Central Asia (1991-2021) 美国与中亚的交往(1991-2021)
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).05
Saima A Kayani
{"title":"US Engagement with Central Asia (1991-2021)","authors":"Saima A Kayani","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).05","url":null,"abstract":"After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, US interests in the newly independent states of Central Asia were somewhat limited. However, with new developments, the region strategically became important for the US. The main reasons are the energy resources of Central Asia, the region's strategic geographical location, US involvement in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and post NATO/US army exit situation in the region and Afghanistan and the threat of reemergence of Taliban. It seems that the US followed a policy of democracy,human rights, the rule of law and development but at the same time had military bases in CARs to keep an eye over Afghanistan and neighboring regions. However, there is a shift in regional dynamics, which will not allow the US to keep its hold over the region. This research work divided the US policy in the Central Asian region into different periods, which are the post-Soviet era, post 9/11, post-2014 and post-US army exit from Afghanistan 2021.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129305862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pakistan-China Strategic Relations in the Context of Geopolitical Dynamics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) 印度洋地区地缘政治动态背景下的巴中战略关系
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).01
S. Rehman, R. Ahmad
{"title":"Pakistan-China Strategic Relations in the Context of Geopolitical Dynamics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR)","authors":"S. Rehman, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).01","url":null,"abstract":"The international system is strongly influenced by economic globalization in the 21st century. During this century, the emergence of regionalism is strengthened, and regional alliances are considered as security to the so-called modern \"Cliché of Globalization.\" In the current study, relations between Pakistan and China are discussed in light of enhanced regionalization in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). There are three regional blocks in Asia; Far Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. The phenomenon has strengthened due to rapid geopolitical changes after the initiation of BRI and CPEC by China. Both Pakistan and Chain had developed mutually beneficial cooperation as a basic principle to observe globalization, contribute to in global affairs, and to establish relations. In this study, I would make an endeavor to analyze the challenging situation that arose in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) after China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is going to become functional in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121797165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theorizing Religious Extremism: Causes and Impacts 宗教极端主义理论化:原因与影响
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).08
Fozia Bibi, Qaiser Iqbal, Abia Yousaf
{"title":"Theorizing Religious Extremism: Causes and Impacts","authors":"Fozia Bibi, Qaiser Iqbal, Abia Yousaf","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).08","url":null,"abstract":"Extremism is a great threat to the security of Pakistan. The growing extremism is affecting all fields of life. In Pakistan, many people have been killed in sectarian violence. Since independence, Pakistan has been confronting the problems of ethnonationalism, sectarianism and extremism. Furthermore, after 9/11 Pakistani society faced a lot of problems due to religious extremism. With the passage of time sectarianism and religious intolerance is enhancing and extremism has deep social, economic and psychological impacts on Pakistani society.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
British Colonial Imperialism and Pashtun Resistance under Islamic Jihad: An Analysis of Umbeyla Campaign (1863) 英国殖民帝国主义与伊斯兰圣战下的普什图人抵抗——对Umbeyla战役(1863)的分析
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).05
Ibrar Hussain, W. Xingang, Aroosa Fatima
{"title":"British Colonial Imperialism and Pashtun Resistance under Islamic Jihad: An Analysis of Umbeyla Campaign (1863)","authors":"Ibrar Hussain, W. Xingang, Aroosa Fatima","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to analyze the British Colonial Rule in the Indian North-West Frontier Region with respect to the Islamic Jihad led by Pashtuns tribes at Umbeyla (Buner) in 1863. The British annexation of this region resulted in bringing the Pashtoons into direct contact with their new master. Afterwards, the British launched almost sixty expeditions against the tribes of this region between 1849 to 1899. The Umbeyla campaign-in 1863 was one such expedition which showed British imperial design, the first ever large-scale confrontation between the two opponents in this region. Here, the British tested their forces against the native Pashtoon tribes,where the latter engaged the colonial forces and attacked them frequently. Religious and ideological resistance by the Pakhtun tribes will be focused on in this work. The British successfully defeated the stronghold of Pukhtuntribes in the town of Malka. The Umbeyla Campaign was part of a Britain strategy to assert control of the North West Frontier by countering the increasing unrest and resistance in Buner to British rule. The British succeeded in extending their rule at Pukhtuns' territory but at the cost of huge losses.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127819090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pragmatic Model of Countering Violent Extremism for Pakistan 巴基斯坦打击暴力极端主义的务实模式
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).04
Muhammad Ejaz, Waqās Ahmed, Jamshed
{"title":"Pragmatic Model of Countering Violent Extremism for Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ejaz, Waqās Ahmed, Jamshed","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"Violent extremism has become a constant threat to the stability and very existence of the state of Pakistan. State adopted the foreign approaches and models to deal with the violent extremism without understanding the local environment and the drivers of violent extremism. The indiscriminate applications of traditional approaches without taking into account contextual model have made all the attempts of the state directionless and miscarry. This study is an attempt to construct a contextual and multi-dimensional model of countering violent extremism for Pakistan. The qualitative methodology has been adopted, to dealing with the research objectives. The study utilizes the review of existing literature, non-structured interviews and personal reflections for the collection of empirical data. The proposed model is comprehensive, contextual and impeccable. Likewise, it is practical, because it treats the non-violent non-state actors, such as, civil societies as vital actor, as violent extremism cannot be transformed with only the involvement of state authorities.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133675734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydro-Politics of Trans-Boundary Water Resources in South Asia: A Water- Energy-food Nexus of Cooperation 南亚跨界水资源的水政治:水-能源-粮食合作关系
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).03
Muqarrab Akbar, Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza
{"title":"Hydro-Politics of Trans-Boundary Water Resources in South Asia: A Water- Energy-food Nexus of Cooperation","authors":"Muqarrab Akbar, Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).03","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a vital resource for 1.9 billion, 24.89 Percent of the total world population residing in the South Asian states and the geopolitics of the region primarily is hydro-politics. The water geography of the region comprises river basins like the Indus, Ganges, Meghna, and Brahmaputra, acting as capillaries responsible for the flow of life in this gigantic region. Allocation of water resources is an external as well internal policy challenge for South Asian states. Taking a view of the water geography of the region and treaties governing trans boundary water flow, the paper aims to address the question of whether the water problem can be dealt only with the traditional security paradigm, focusing on water conflict through the state-centric lens; or the issue can be reflected with the prism of unconventional security paradigms as waters are integral to economic, food, environmental and human security. Human security combined with Liberal-Functionalist approaches may transform the crisis into a prospective scenario of peace and cooperation in the region","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Promulgation of Hindutava Ideology under Secularism's Curtain in the Modi Era 莫迪时代世俗主义帘幕下印度教意识形态的传播
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).07
Hajra Nasir, Mariam Asif, S. Gul
{"title":"The Promulgation of Hindutava Ideology under Secularism's Curtain in the Modi Era","authors":"Hajra Nasir, Mariam Asif, S. Gul","doi":"10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).07","url":null,"abstract":"The research article addresses the underline reason for opting for Secularism in India by Nehru.Nehru knew India was a home of people from different cultures, languages, religions, and ethnicities. So,choosing one religion, i.e., Hinduism, would create problems for the rest of the religions, and in the future other religions may ask for a separate country. An aggressive reaction was seen by other parties who wanted to protect Hinduism after the adoption of Secularism in India. Secularism welcomes all religions and allows people of its Nation to live freely by treating everyone equally. Gandhi also announced his view on Secularism and how he considered it a western concept and would not fit in easily. Gandhi believed that you could not separate religion from state policies. Nevertheless, Nehru was more than convinced, so he chose Secularism as an ideology for India.","PeriodicalId":253809,"journal":{"name":"Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131301456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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