Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Retrieval of precipitable water vapor from sun–sky radiometer (POM-01) at 940 nm absorption band: Calibration, measurement and validation","authors":"Swagata Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Shantikumar S. Ningombam ,&nbsp;Akihiro Uchiyama ,&nbsp;Sonam Jorphail ,&nbsp;Chiranjeevi G. Vivek ,&nbsp;T.S. Shrungeshwara ,&nbsp;Sreedevi P. ,&nbsp;Tsuneo Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Som K. Sharma ,&nbsp;Pawan Gupta ,&nbsp;Dorje Angchuk ,&nbsp;Sridevi Jade","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sun–sky radiometer (model POM-01) is commonly used for studying aerosol optical and physical properties at selected aerosol-specific channels. Although the instrument is equipped with a precipitable water vapor (PWV) channel at 940 nm, the inbuilt software does not provide a tool for estimation of PWV. Hence, the current study adopted a new methodology to estimate PWV from three high-altitude (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 3400 m MSL) sites, Hanle, Merak, and Leh, located in Ladakh, India. The retrieval algorithm focuses on the precise estimation of the calibration constant (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) and coefficients <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span> using modified Langley plots in two different methods. The estimated average value of <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span> is 0.59 ± 0.09 which is very close to those commonly used in global studies. Further, the estimated <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span> values from both methods are found to be similar, which may be due to the advantages of the dry and high-altitude environment, where the annual total column water vapor is typically less than 6 mm. The estimated PWV using observations at selected full clear and stable atmospheric conditions compares well with satellite, AERONET, GPS, reanalysis and empirical model data with correlation coefficient varying from 0.91 to 0.97. Further, the estimated propagated root mean square error (rmse) varies from 0.37 mm to 2.58 mm. These results indicated that sun–sky radiometer derived PWV showed good consistency with the derived PWV from independent data sources at the three sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emissions of hazardous chemicals from baby crawling and yoga mats: Implications for indoor air quality mediated by placement orientation","authors":"Chun-Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Yun Hong ,&nbsp;Chen-Chou Wu ,&nbsp;Lian-Jun Bao ,&nbsp;Eddy Y. Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potential adverse effects of indoor air quality derived from the extensive and large-scale use of baby crawling and yoga mats have been increasingly recognized. However, the potentiality of chemicals released from these products under various placement orientation has yet to be adequately addressed. To fill this knowledge gap, baby crawling and yoga mats were selected to measure the emissions of hazardous chemicals from specific surfaces under various placement orientations. The results showed that placement directions had considerable impacts on the masses of emitted formamide, diisobutyl phthalate, benzothiazole, and <em>p</em>-bis(2-hydroxyisopropyl)benzene with vertical placement resulting in 1.1–3.3 times more masses than horizontal placement (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In comparison, the amounts of emitted chlorinated paraffins, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate were comparable between the vertical and horizontal placements (0.80–1.8 times). The increased amount of formamide derived from changing placement orientation (50–60 %; from horizontal to vertical) was greater than that from temperature-induced emission (10–20 %; from 25 °C to 35 °C). The mats with waterproof layer on surface were more effective in hindering formamide emissions compared to those with bossed patterns and untreated surfaces. When yoga mats were rolled up and placed vertically, the concentrations of chemicals emitted indoor were equivalent to or even greater than those emitted from horizontally placed mats during use, even though the exposed areas were reduced. The present study demonstrated that placement direction is a pivotal factor in regulating chemical emissions, with significant implications for improving indoor air quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatial regression analysis of the association between PM2.5 and early childhood development outcomes in South Africa using the 2021 Thrive by Five Index","authors":"Junita Henry ,&nbsp;Yazan Alwadi ,&nbsp;Marcia C. Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>South Africa experiences high levels of ambient air pollution, with PM2.5 concentrations routinely exceeding WHO guidelines of 5 μg/m³. Early childhood represents a critical window of neurodevelopmental vulnerability, yet the impacts of postnatal PM2.5 exposure on developmental outcomes remain underexplored in this context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed nationally representative data on 5222 children aged 50–59 months attending 1248 Early Learning Programmes (ELPs) across South Africa, using the Early Learning Outcomes Measure 4&amp;5 (ELOM) to assess development across five domains. Twelve-month cumulative PM2.5 exposure at each ELP was estimated using satellite-derived, ground-calibrated data. Spatial lag and error models were employed to account for residual spatial autocorrelation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower total ELOM scores (β = −0.12 SD, p &lt; .05), with the largest associations observed for gross motor development (β = −0.17 SD, p &lt; .01) and fine motor coordination (β = −0.12 SD, p &lt; .05). No significant associations were detected for executive functioning, literacy, or numeracy domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides evidence of associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and specific developmental domains in preschool-aged children in South Africa. The findings highlight the need to integrate air quality interventions into early childhood policy and to further research mechanisms, exposure timing, and mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire emissions modulate wildfire spread through aerosol-meteorology feedbacks: Insights from a novel WRF-Chem/Fire coupled model","authors":"Zhonghua He ,&nbsp;Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Congcong Li ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Fan ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Lingxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Cheng Zeng ,&nbsp;Dongmei Huang ,&nbsp;Yuping Sun ,&nbsp;Hao He","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires represent a devastating global natural hazard, with profound ecological, economic, and societal impacts. Accurate prediction of fire behavior is paramount, yet state-of-the-art models like WRF-Fire often neglect the critical meteorological feedbacks induced by fire-emitted aerosols. To address this gap, this study develops a novel modeling framework that integrates WRF-Chem with WRF-Fire to systematically quantify how smoke-radiation interactions influence near-surface meteorology and subsequent fire behavior. Through a series of sensitivity experiments, we demonstrate that fire emissions trigger a complex, time-dependent feedback loop. Initially, aerosols suppress near-surface winds and moderate temperatures in our simulations, leading to a slower Rate of Spread (ROS) and a constrained burned area. However, as the fire persists, the accumulated emissions fundamentally alter the local atmosphere, intensifying the wind field through fire-induced circulations. This results in a dramatic reversal, with the ”With Fire” scenario subsequently exhibiting the most rapid fire front propagation. Our analysis reveals that the integrated radiative effect of all aerosols, rather than the contribution of any single species like black carbon (BC) or organic carbon (OC), is the dominant driver of these meteorological perturbations. This work concludes that incorporating these dynamic, time-evolving aerosol-meteorology-fire feedbacks is not a mere refinement but a crucial necessity for advancing the predictive accuracy of wildfire models, especially for extreme events, thereby informing more effective mitigation and response strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected larger NMVOCs emissions of Chinese stainless steel than carbon steel production: insights from field measurements","authors":"Yiting Li ,&nbsp;Haotian Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuanzhu Sun ,&nbsp;Rongrong Wu ,&nbsp;Weizhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiewen Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) worsen air quality and pose potential health and environmental risks. The steel industry is an important NMVOCs source category, yet studies on NMVOCs emissions in steel industry remains limited, particularly for stainless steel manufacturing. This study presents a field investigation of NMVOCs emissions for different processes in both stainless steel and carbon steel plants, revealing clear differences in emission characteristics between them. The results show that the NMVOCs emissions were higher in stainless steel production, with notable different species profiles compared to carbon steel plant. The emission of carbon disulfide during the sintering process in stainless steel manufacturing was lower compared to carbon steel production. These discrepancies were attributed to the different raw materials used for production of the two types of steel, and higher fuel consumption and lower combustion efficiency for stainless steel production. The NMVOCs emission factor for stainless steel sintering was 40 times higher than that of carbon steel sintering, thus the NMVOCs emissions from steel production could be underestimated without consideration of this high emission factor. In addition, this study examined the impact of air pollution control devices (APCDs) on NMVOCs emissions for steel production. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies demonstrated great NMVOCs removal efficiency, while fabric filter (FF) might elevate NMVOCs emissions. The diverse effects resulted primarily from the removal mechanisms of these APCDs and the physicochemical properties of NMVOCs. Through field measurements, this study improves the understanding of NMVOCs emission characteristics in the steel manufacturing industry and provides valuable insights for development of NMVOCs emission control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minute-scale point source simulation: Rapid transient impact assessment","authors":"Liang Li ,&nbsp;Chongyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaqiao Gui ,&nbsp;Weiwei Xue ,&nbsp;Zheng Shi ,&nbsp;Zifa Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abrupt or intermittent emissions can significantly increase regional pollutants and dominate short-term variations, but previous simulations usually treated emissions through total amounts and allocation coefficients, making it difficult to effectively characterize their concentration variation features at the minute-scale. This study proposes a rapid simulation framework for minute-scale high-resolution emission modeling under such scenarios. Integrating multisource background emissions, it assessed Hefei Airport impacts (December 2023). Evaluations confirm accurate simulation of meteorological/air pollutant spatial distributions and effective capture of minute-scale emission characteristics. Airport emissions moderately intensified near-surface temperature inversion downwind of Hefei. Near-airport monthly mean NO₂ and NO rose by 4 μg/m³ and 9 μg/m³, respectively. Emissions also impacted a 15 km radius, elevating NO₂ by 0.6–1.8 μg/m³ and NO by 0–2.5 μg/m³. The framework effectively evaluates regional atmospheric impacts from point-source abrupt/intermittent emissions, enabling rapid localized simulations for scientific assessment and prediction to protect air quality and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in Hong Kong and its implications to PM10 air quality management","authors":"Yee Ka Wong ,&nbsp;Kin Man Liu ,&nbsp;Claisen Yeung ,&nbsp;Kenneth K.M. Leung ,&nbsp;Jian Zhen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective control of ambient respirable particulate matter (PM₁₀, particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 μm) is essential for air quality management for public health protection. Achieving this requires targeted strategies that address both fine particles (PM_2.5, less than 2.5 μm) and coarse particles (PM_coarse, between 2.5 and 10 μm). In this study, we conducted a two-year field monitoring campaign in an urban residential area in Hong Kong to simultaneously characterize the chemical compositions and sources of PM_2.5 and PM_coarse. Nearly half (46 %) of PM₁₀ mass was associated with PM_coarse, with individual species exhibiting distinct distribution patterns across the two size fractions. Transition metals known for their roles in PM oxidative potential (e.g., Mn and Cu) were found to be evenly distributed between fine and coarse modes, underscoring the need for further assessments of their size-resolved health effects. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that PM_2.5 was mainly influenced by secondary sulfate and nitrate formation, road traffic and biomass/coal combustion, whereas PM_coarse was dominated by soil/industrial dust, construction/copper-rich dust and sea salt. Backward air mass trajectory analysis identified a 28 μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ source contribution under continental air mass influences compared to marine air masses. Coarse-mode soil and industrial dust, primarily transported from inner-continental regions, accounted for 40 % of this excess contribution. This work highlights the growing importance of addressing PM_coarse on a regional scale in future air quality research and control strategies to meet PM₁₀ air quality targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant uptake and air-soil exchange of PAHs on university campuses: A tale of species differences, mechanisms and seasonal variation","authors":"Fengwen Wang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Si ,&nbsp;Decai Liu ,&nbsp;Jiayan Yu ,&nbsp;Neil L. Rose ,&nbsp;Hai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are semi-volatile organic pollutants of global concern due to their ubiquity, persistence, potential carcinogenicity, and complex intermedia exchange behaviors. This study investigates the occurrence, composition, and transport mechanisms of PAHs across air, soil, and plants on university campuses with high densities of young adults (aged 18–30). Annual mean concentrations of gaseous ∑₁₆ PAHs (total of 16 USEPA priority PAHs) were 40 ± 14 ng/m³, with 2–3 ring PAHs comprising 59.6 % of the total. Soils accumulated up to 1000 ± 710 ng/g, dominated by 4 ring (37.8 %) and 5–6 ring PAHs (36.5 %). Leaf concentrations averaged 290 ± 160 ng/g, with species-specific accumulation varying up to 5-fold, influenced by wax content (34 ± 28 g/m²), specific leaf area (210 ± 80 cm²/g), and stomatal density (69 ± 38 stomata/mm²). According to McLachlan's framework for semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in plants, dynamic equilibrium between the gaseous phase and plants dominated uptake in spring, autumn, and winter, while atmospheric gaseous deposition was predominant in summer. Mackay's fugacity model indicated that 3-ring PAHs (e.g., acenaphthylene, acenaphthene) showed net volatilization (<em>ff</em> &gt; 0.5), with annual mean fluxes of 368 ng/m²/day (main campus) and 173 ng/m²/day (new campus), whereas 4–6 ring PAHs tended to deposit (<em>ff</em> &lt; 0.5). These findings highlight the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity, species-specific plant traits, and seasonal dynamics when assessing the fate and exposure risks of PAHs in urban green spaces, particularly within densely populated university campuses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing aerosol ingestion estimates in airport proximity for modeling aircraft engine deterioration - a case study for black carbon","authors":"Erik Seume ,&nbsp;Barbara Harm-Altstädter ,&nbsp;Lutz Bretschneider ,&nbsp;Jan Goeing","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosols influence the climate system, human health, and the surfaces of machines. The ingestion of aerosols into aircraft engines leads to fouling, erosion, and performance deterioration. This study evaluates data sources used for engine deterioration modeling. For this purpose, a comparison of atmospheric composition reanalysis data with in-situ measurements of a commonly modeled and frequently occurring aerosol species, namely hydrophobic black carbon, is presented. High-resolution observations are obtained from a field campaign performed with the uncrewed aerial system ALADINA (Application of Light-weight Aircraft for Detecting IN-situ Aerosol), near the German airport Berlin-Brandenburg in October 2021. A total of 140 vertical profiles of hydrophobic black carbon and meteorological parameters are compared with mass mixing ratios extracted from two different atmospheric composition reanalysis datasets, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4 (EAC4) and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). The differences between model outputs and atmospheric measurements are large. 95% of the deviations between measurements and model outputs lie under 8480% in the case of EAC4 data and under 2302% in the case of MERRA-2 data, indicating that the MERRA-2 data better represents the local conditions at the Berlin-Brandenburg airport. The deviations are mainly affected by the stability of the planetary boundary layer, showing the highest discrepancies during well-mixed conditions. The results imply the need to create models in airport proximity that represent currently parametrized micro-scale emission phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of satellite formaldehyde products constrained by aircraft observations over the United States during fire seasons","authors":"Shuai Sun ,&nbsp;Yuzhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Song Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Shu ,&nbsp;Isabelle De Smedt ,&nbsp;Lu Hu ,&nbsp;Wade Permar ,&nbsp;Dirk Richter ,&nbsp;Alan Fried ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite-derived formaldehyde (HCHO) column densities are commonly used to infer regional emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). However, intercomparison and validation of HCHO retrievals from different satellite sensors remain scarce, especially under fire periods. Here, we use observations from FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality experiment) and WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol and Nitrogen), two flight campaigns dedicated to investigating smoke plumes during active fire seasons, combined with simulations from the GEOS-Chem to intercompare and validate five HCHO products from four satellites (OMI, OMPS-NPP, OMPS-N20, and TROPOMI). Our analysis suggests that all satellite products consistently capture elevated HCHO signals over the southeastern US and California, but they tend to report lower column values compared to our aircraft-constrained model estimates, with differences ranging from 11.0 % to 56.7 %. Our results imply that while vertical profile shape (reflected in the air mass factor, AMF) plays a role, errors in the slant column retrieval and the treatment of aerosol and cloud scattering effects may be key sources of uncertainty in the satellite HCHO products during fire events. Therefore, future retrieval improvements should prioritize better aerosol and slant column accuracy to reduce biases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 121767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}