Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Aircraft observations of natural and anthropogenic substances during the Asian outflow over the East China Sea in the winter of 2000","authors":"Mandira Pradhananga Adhikari ,&nbsp;Ippei Nagao ,&nbsp;Nagayoshi Katsuta ,&nbsp;Masako Kagawa ,&nbsp;Yutaka Ishizaka","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impacts of anthropogenic and natural substances transported from the Asian continent in winter on the abundance of atmospheric aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free troposphere (FT) over the receptor region, aircraft observations of number concentrations of aerosol and CCN as well as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were carried out over the East China Sea (ECS) during the Asian Atmospheric Particulate Environmental Change Experiment 1 (APEX-E1) in December 2000. Reanalysis data of meteorology (ERA5) and aerosols (MERRA-2) were used to interpret the observation results. The results on December 23 were characterized by the highest concentrations of all parameters including CCN more than 400 cm⁻³ at supersaturation (SS) of 0.40 % and SO₂ (&gt;4 ppbv) in the PBL under relatively fresh polluted air, due to rapid transport of anthropogenic and natural substances through the PBL by subsidence of air and strong winds behind cold front. On December 24, anthropogenic pollutants and dust particles were transported into the FT by ascent of air associated with a low-pressure system over the Asian continent. SO₂ and coarse mode aerosols were higher than those in the PBL and CCN concentration was more than 100 cm⁻³ (SS = 0.40 %). In addition, this kind of ascent of air to the lower FT occurs several times on average in December. Our results suggest that in addition to traditional trajectory analysis, it is necessary to incorporate the history analysis of vertical transport and wind-induced aerosol emissions along the transport pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overlooked health risk of PM2.5: Elevated respiratory viral susceptibility revealed by assessing inflammatory and antiviral responses to chemical constituents","authors":"Shuyi Peng ,&nbsp;Juying Lin ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Yaohao Hu ,&nbsp;Baichuan Gou ,&nbsp;Guohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Song ,&nbsp;Bin Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenglei Pei ,&nbsp;Jinpu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Dai ,&nbsp;Xinming Wang ,&nbsp;Ping'an Peng ,&nbsp;Xinhui Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological evidence linked PM_2.5 exposure to increased virus transmission, yet the impact of chemical composition of PM_2.5 on viral susceptibility remains unclear. We characterized the constituents of water-soluble matters (WSM) in PM_2.5 from urban Guangzhou and their association with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, inflammatory and antiviral responses in A549 cells. Chemical analysis revealed considerable variability in chemical composition across all samples, although all samples were dominated by inorganic ions (e.g., NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, NH₄⁺) and WSOM (e.g., lipids, oxy-aromatics), with metals constituted ∼1.2 %, primarily Cu, Fe, and Al. WSM exposure elevated viral infectivity (1.3–5.6-fold), IL-8 and TNF-α generation (1.2–5.2-fold), and suppressed IFN-β by 24 %–74 %, with minimal effects on IFN-α and surfactant proteins. An explainable machine learning analysis indicated that transition metals (e.g., Ni, V, Mn, Fe), inorganic ions (e.g., SO₄²⁻, Na⁺, K⁺), highly unsaturated oxy-aromatics (Xc ≥ 2.5, DBE ≥6) and protein1 with 0.2 &lt; O/C ≤ 0.6 and 0.9 &lt; H/C &lt; 2.5 were positively linked to IL-8 and TNF-α induction, whereas trace metals (e.g., Cr, Al) and protein2 with 0.6 &lt; O/C ≤ 1 and 1.2 &lt; H/C &lt; 2.5 were both associated with enhanced infectivity and IFN-β inhibition. Notably, viral infectivity remained uncorrelated with inflammatory cytokines but showed an inverse correlation with IFN-β expression consistently observed during WSM-only and WSM + virus co-exposure, suggesting that PM_2.5 may impair interferon-mediated defenses to exacerbate viral susceptibility. Our study uncovers an overlooked health risk of PM_2.5 thereby filling a critical gap in understanding the multifaceted health effect of PM_2.5 exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of size-specific PM components on stroke hospitalization in Northwest China's arid area","authors":"Huanhuan Wei,&nbsp;Ce Liu,&nbsp;Ya Xiao,&nbsp;Li He,&nbsp;Hao Zhao,&nbsp;Zhaoru Yang,&nbsp;Huan Chen,&nbsp;Ququmo Guoji,&nbsp;Bin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric particulate pollution is an important risk factors for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of size-specific particulate matter (PM) and their components with stroke hospitalization in Northwest China's arid area from 2018 to 2022. Stroke hospitalization data were collected from Gansu Province. Size-specific PM with chemical speciation profiles and concurrent meteorological Data spatially aligned with the geographical coordinates of the included hospitals. The space-time-stratified case-crossover design and the conditional quasi-Poisson regression model were used to analyze the association between PM and stroke hospitalization, and stratified analysis was conducted based on age, gender, region, season and stroke type. This study included 759,473 stroke patients. PM₁, PM_1-2.5, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were all observed the highest risk of stroke hospitalization at lag 06 day, with RRs of 1.238 (95 % CI: 1.217–1.260), 1.057 (95 % CI: 1.049–1.066), 1.067 (95 % CI: 1.060–1.074) and 1.012 (95 % CI: 1.009–1.015). Among PM components, black carbon (BC) demonstrated the most pronounced association with stroke hospitalization risk (PM_2.5, RR = 1.045 per 1 μg/m³ increase, 95 % CI:1.037–1.054; PM₁ and PM₁₀, RR = 1.580 per 1 μg/m³ increase, 95 % CI:1.535–1.626). Subgroup analyses further indicated greater vulnerability among women, the elderly, during the cold season, and for ischemic stroke (IS) compared to hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Our findings indicate strict air quality intervention measures based on size-specific effect of PM should be taken to reduce the burden of stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet deposition fluxes of cosmogenic 32P, 33P and its utility in tracing air mass mixing in coast of east China sea","authors":"Cheng Xu ,&nbsp;Sheng Zeng ,&nbsp;QianQian Bi ,&nbsp;Gi-Hoon Hong ,&nbsp;Jinzhou Du","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its proven utility of cosmogenic phosphorus (P) radionuclides to trace atmospheric processes and oceanic P biodynamic, atmospheric cosmogenic ³²P and ³³P have been rarely measured and quantified along the East Asian coast. This study reports the activities of ³²P and ³³P in individual precipitation events for the first time on the coast of the East China Sea, Shanghai, China (31°1′35.5″N, 121°26′49.3″E) from March 2021 to April 2023. The average specific activity of ³²P and ³³P was 1.56 ± 0.14 dpm L⁻¹ and 1.55 ± 0.17 dpm L⁻¹, respectively, and exhibited to decrease with increasing rainfall (<em>n</em> = 83). The ³³P/³²P activity ratios ranged from 0.70 to 1.22 (average, 0.96 ± 0.13), showing significant seasonal variations with high in spring/winter and low in summer/autumn. The higher ³³P/³²P activity ratios (&gt;1.0) in typhoons and thunderstorms precipitation, suggested the intrusion of stratospheric air masses associated with those extreme weather events. The average irradiation period of tropospheric air masses and aerosols residence time was estimated to be 47 ± 32 d and 72 ± 119 d based on the ³²P and ³³P mass balance model, respectively. The wet deposition fluxes of ³²P and ³³P ranged from 0.94 to 84.46 dpm m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.84 to 91.03 dpm m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively, and higher deposition fluxes were found in spring and summer. The relationship between individual rainfall event wet deposition fluxes and rainfall throughout 2021 to 2023 appears to follow a power law, though it showed high correlation in spring/winter. Moreover, a significant correlation with precipitation intensity indicated that precipitation intensity played a more dominant influence on the scavenging of ³²P and ³³P.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) exposure and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in fresh cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Letizia Li Piani ,&nbsp;Giovanna Esposito ,&nbsp;Eva Negri ,&nbsp;Irene La Vecchia ,&nbsp;Vittoria Sterpi ,&nbsp;Claudia Santucci ,&nbsp;Rossella Bonzi ,&nbsp;Carlo La Vecchia ,&nbsp;Edgardo Somigliana ,&nbsp;Paola Viganò ,&nbsp;Fabio Parazzini","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have assessed the relationship between exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM₁₀) and assisted reproduction technology (ART) success rates, with controversial findings. This review aimed to consolidate the current evidence from fresh ART cycles and explore sources of heterogeneity across studies. The outcomes of interest were biochemical and clinical pregnancy, and live birth. Four exposure timeframes were considered: T0 (within 90 days before starting the stimulation protocol), T1 (from the first day of stimulation protocol to oocyte retrieval), T2 (from oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer), and T3 (from embryo transfer to pregnancy).</div><div>Database searches were conducted on PubMed/Medline and Embase up to April 2025, using a combination of MeSH/Emtree and generic terms relating to ART patients and air pollution exposure. Fourteen studies, involving 333,438 cycles, were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were conducted between 2010 and 2024 primarily in China (10/14), while 3 were from the USA and one from Korea. We estimated pooled relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ for biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live births, using random-effects meta-analytic models.</div><div>The pooled RRs for 10 μg/m³ increment in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at T0 were respectively 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91–1.04) and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95–1.02) for biochemical pregnancy; for clinical pregnancy they were respectively 0.98 (95%CI: 0.96–1.01) and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.98–1.00). All other findings were close to unity. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies for selected outcomes and exposure periods for both pollutants.</div><div>This systematic review found no significant association between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ exposure and ART outcomes after fresh embryo transfer for any of the four exposure windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the dual role of rainfall in governing ambient aerosol particles:From washout-dominated scavenging to production dynamics","authors":"Shu Chen,&nbsp;Mengyu Liu,&nbsp;Songjian Zou,&nbsp;Honghao Xu,&nbsp;Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wet scavenging is a critical determinant of aerosol–precipitation interactions, yet its net effect on atmospheric aerosol burdens remains poorly constrained globally. Here, we analyzed 146 rainfall events in total based onfield observations in a subtropical near coastal site, revealing that light rainfall has paradoxically amplified aerosol burdens by +6.1 % averagely, with approximate +40 % for hydrophobic species (e.g., HOA/COA) and +5 %–19 % for secondary hygroscopic components (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, OOA). This contradicts conventional knowledge of light rain wet scavenging, indicating critical flaws in model parameterizations of wet scavenging efficiency. Our study also illustrates a pollution-dependent wet scavenging mechanism and shows efficient removal of aerosol particles under polluted conditions (PM_2.5 &gt;30 μg m⁻³), whereas in very clean atmosphere (PM_2.5 &lt;10 μg m⁻³), precipitation elevates aerosol concentrations by +13 %–100 %, implying that precipitation may shift from a clearing sink to a source of aerosols with the continuous improvement of air pollution in future. Furthermore, we identify a nonlinear size-dependent scavenging threshold of ∼100 nm, where the precipitation shows a transition from production to scavenging of fine aerosols; the 20–30 nm particles show peak increases (+23 %–41 %), while particles of around 600 nm exhibit maximum scavenging (−20 %), yet scavenging declines unexpectedly for larger particles (e.g. &gt;1 μm). These findings highlight rainfall's dual role in aerosols removal vs. enhancement, offering critical constraints for improving air quality forecast and refining model simulations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic PM2.5 and PAHs suppression in biomass-coal briquettes for household combustion: multi-parameter optimization and mechanistic insights from ash chemistry to particulate morphology","authors":"Zhenkun Guo ,&nbsp;Feiran Song ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Chen ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Haocheng He ,&nbsp;Yonghui Feng ,&nbsp;Shijian Lu ,&nbsp;Shuxun Sang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass combustion represents a significant source of particulate matter, posing substantial risks to both human health and the environment. This study underscores bio-coal briquettes as a promising solid fuel for residential applications, with the potential to significantly curtail PM_2.5 emissions. The PM_2.5 emissions were quantified using URG cyclones and quartz-fiber filters. PAHs were analyzed via GC/MS, and PM morphology via SEM-EDS. The quantitative analysis particularly examines the influence of diverse furnace types, ignition modes, and biomass blending ratios on PM_2.5 emissions during bio-coal briquettes combustion. A quadratic function model is formulated to elucidate the correlations between the PM_2.5 emission factors and the volatile as well as ash content. Furthermore, the presence of ash in the samples exacerbates the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the flue gas during combustion. Optimal conditions (20 % straw, semi-gasifier, upper ignition) reduced PM_2.5 emissions to 4.9 mg/g (vs. 24.9 mg/g in conventional furnaces). Quadratic models linked volatile matter (R² ≥ 0.97) and ash content (R² ≥ 0.99) to PM_2.5. Under these parameters, the emission factors for 16 PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as well as water-soluble cations and ions, are observed at their lowest levels, demonstrating superior emission reduction efficacy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the collected PM_2.5 exhibited a variety of morphologies and structures. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that the primary constituents of PM_2.5 were C, O, Na, Zn, K, Al, Ti, Ca, Cl, Te and Hg. This strategy offers a viable pathway to mitigate household air pollution in rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PM2.5 exposure and birth outcomes and effect modification by extreme heat events during pregnancy in a North Carolina cohort","authors":"Alison K. Krajewski ,&nbsp;Breanna L. Alman ,&nbsp;Ambarish Vaidyanathan ,&nbsp;Joshua L. Warren ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Luben ,&nbsp;Kristen M. Rappazzo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Adverse birth outcomes, like term low birth weight (TLBW) and preterm birth (PTB), can be indicators for poor health outcomes, including neonatal mortality, and may be caused by environmental exposures. Previously, exposure to high ambient temperatures was linked with increased odds of TLBW, while results looking at fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure have been mixed. A growing body of studies report associations between PTB and air pollution. We evaluated the relationship between PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and TLBW and PTB, and potential modification by concurrent exposure to extreme heat events (EHEs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used North Carolina birth registry data linked to exposure data using geocoded addresses obtained from the birth records (2006–2015) for live, singleton births (n = 1,280,064). TLBW was defined as births delivered at ≥37 weeks gestation and weighing &lt;2,500g. PTB was defined as births delivered at &lt;37 weeks gestation. PM_2.5 concentrations were obtained using EPA's fused CMAQ model and were averaged over trimester and entire pregnancy. EHEs were defined as a census-tract specific daily maximum heat index &gt;95th percentile for at least two consecutive days. The 95th percentile threshold for the EHE indicator variable were based on a 40-yr (1981–2020) historical distribution and specific to each census tract. For inclusion in a trimester analysis for summer months, portions of that trimester had to occur between May–September. We estimated risk differences with interaction terms for total number of EHEs during the corresponding exposure period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed generally null relationships between PM_2.5 and TLBW and PTB for all trimesters. Results remained null when extreme heat events were included as an interaction term and no interaction on the multiplicative scale was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Analyses did not indicate substantial relationships between PM_2.5 and TLBW or PTB, or effect measure modification by EHEs in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dust aerosols modulate cloud radiative forcing with surface cooling and atmospheric warming across the Chinese mainland","authors":"Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Haipeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Haoming Xia ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Qianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Hongquan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust aerosols, primarily originating from arid and semi-arid regions, exert substantial influence on cloud radiative forcing (CRF) by altering cloud microphysical properties and radiative transfer processes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was employed to quantify the impacts of dust aerosols on CRF over the Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2020. Scenario-based experiments indicated that dust aerosols reduce the cooling effect of shortwave CRF at both the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface (SUR), with annual averages reduced by up to 0.20 ± 0.07 W m⁻² and 0.18 ± 0.07 W m⁻², respectively. Similarly, the heating effect of longwave CRF is weakened by up to 0.89 W m⁻² at SUR and 0.19 W m⁻² at TOA. Within the atmosphere, dust aerosols enhanced longwave heating by up to 0.71 W m⁻², although their effects on shortwave forcing are more variable. These effects are most pronounced in northern and southwestern China, with stronger impacts observed during spring and summer. The results offer critical insights into how dust aerosols shape regional radiative energy budgets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distribution, optical properties, and source attribution of summer dust in southern Tajikistan: ground-based observations and model results","authors":"Zhongwei Huang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Dong ,&nbsp;Tian Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianrong Bi ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Qiantao Liu ,&nbsp;Sabur F. Abdullaev ,&nbsp;Dilovar Nozirov ,&nbsp;Khan Alam ,&nbsp;Tianhe Wang ,&nbsp;Wuren Li ,&nbsp;Ze Li ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Song ,&nbsp;Wentao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is known that dust storms frequently occur during the summer in southern Tajikistan, mainly from satellite-based observations. However, a comprehensive understanding of dust characteristics remains limited due to the scarcity of continuous ground-based measurements. In June of 2023, we established an observational station for investigating the physical and optical properties of dust aerosols in Shaartuz, southern Tajikistan. This study reports dust storms that occurred from July 19 to 26, 2023, focusing on the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of dust aerosols. It is shown that both number and mass concentrations of particles exceeding 10 μm remained substantial throughout the observation period, confirming the persistent presence of coarse-mode dust particles. During the event, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations near the ground reached up to 3841 μg/m³ and 695 μg/m³, respectively, coinciding with the dust storm outbreak on July 19. Two coexisting distinct dust layers were found based on statistical analysis of lidar-derived depolarization ratio and color ratio. The lower layer, located below approximately 1.6 km, was predominantly impacted by air masses from northwest Central Asia, whereas the higher elevated layer distributed between 2.2 km and 4 km, was originated from the southern desert regions. Moreover, optical properties of these two dust layers are largely different, indicating that impact of dust aerosols originated from various dust sources on climate in southern Tajikistan may complex. These results highlight the characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution, transport pathways of dust aerosols, helping to further evaluate their climatic and environmental impacts in southern Tajikistan. These results highlight the characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution and transport pathways of dust aerosols, and help to further evaluate their climatic and environmental impacts in southern Tajikistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}