{"title":"Efficient test generation for transient testing of analog circuits using partial numerical simulation","authors":"P. Variyam, J. Hou, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766668","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic transient tests can give better parametric and catastrophic fault coverage than both static DC and frequency domain AC tests in minimum test time. However determination of optimum transient tests is a complex search problem. Previous researchers have used accurate but computationally expensive fault simulation to guide the search for the optimum transient tests. In this paper we propose to use partial numerical simulation to guide the search for the optimum input test stimulus. The proposed method dynamically adjusts the number of Newton Raphson iterations and transient simulation time steps to perform fast test generation without sacrificing the test quality (fault coverage). This heuristic relies on the observation that although partial numerical circuit simulation may be inaccurate for determining the exact faulty circuit response to an applied test stimulus, it can determine very well how one test stimulus performs relative to another in detecting a fault. Simulation studies show that test generation using partial numerical simulation can generate high quality tests much faster compared to test generation methods based on accurate simulation without compromising test quality.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical test generation for analog circuits using incremental test development","authors":"R. Voorakaranam, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766679","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an efficient test generation scheme for analog circuits consisting of embedded modules. The proposed scheme simplifies the test generation effort by incrementally generating tests for the individual embedded modules rather than for the full circuit. At each step of the test generation process, the test waveform is incrementally optimized. As input nodes to an embedded module are not directly accessible, the test optimization considers only those waveforms that can be justified from an embedded module input to a primary input of the circuit-under-test using a signal backtrace procedure. The \"best\" selected test is then evaluated at the full circuit level for controllability of the test stimulus and observability of the test results. In this manner, repeated evaluation of the full circuit over the search space of all test stimuli is not necessary and the complexity of test search can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129762469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the need for ATPG targeting GOS defects","authors":"E. Isern, M. Roca, J. Segura","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766698","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the need for specific ATPG targeting Gate Oxide Short (GOS) defects is highlighted. Many works have been done to develop ATPG for resistive shorts considering both external bridges between gates, and intra-gate shorts. We show with some examples that in some cases the detection of all detectable intra-gate bridging faults does not imply covering all detectable GOS defects in the circuit. A commercially available standard gate library is analyzed to demonstrate that this problem may appear in real applications. An ATPG tool oriented to detect GOS defects with I/sub DDQ/ testing is presented. ATPG experiments on a set of benchmark circuits show the efficiency of the proposed tool.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124053756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced BIST-based diagnosis of FPGAs via boundary scan access","authors":"C. Hamilton, G. Gibson, S. Wijesuriya, C. Stroud","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766697","url":null,"abstract":"Four methods for accessing BIST for FPGAs via the IEEE 1149.1 standard boundary scan interface are presented and discussed in terms of advantages/disadvantages including their impact on test time and diagnostic resolution. These methods can be used in a variety of FPGA architectures for system level testing and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124079432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new totally error propagating compactor for arbitrary cores with digital interfaces","authors":"M. Gössel, A. Morosov, E. Sogomonyan","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766646","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new totally error propagating compactor is proposed which can be used for arbitrary core-based designs and also for mixed signal ICs with digital interfaces. All errors at the outputs of the cores are detected at the outputs of the proposed compactor. This property is achieved with a small amount of time redundancy.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115808642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hellebrand, H. Wunderlich, A. A. Ivaniuk, Y. Klimets, V. Yarmolik
{"title":"Error detecting refreshment for embedded DRAMs","authors":"S. Hellebrand, H. Wunderlich, A. A. Ivaniuk, Y. Klimets, V. Yarmolik","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766693","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new technique for on-line consistency checking of embedded DRAMs. The basic idea is to use the periodic refresh operation for concurrently computing a test characteristic of the memory contents and compare it to a precomputed reference characteristic. Experiments show that the proposed technique significantly reduces the time between the occurrence of an error and its detection (error detection latency). It also achieves a very high error coverage at low hardware costs. Therefore it perfectly complements standard on-line checking approaches relying on error detecting codes, where the detection of certain types of errors is guaranteed, but only during READ operations accessing the erroneous data.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133889135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From design-for-test to design-for-debug-and-test: analysis of requirements and limitations for 1149.1","authors":"G. Alves, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766706","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing complexity of VLSI circuits and the reduced accessibility of modern packaging and mounting technologies restrict the usefulness of conventional in-circuit debugging tools, such as in-circuit emulators for microprocessors and microcontrollers. However, this same trend enables the development of more complex products, which in turn require more powerful debugging tools. These conflicting demands could be met if the standard scan test infrastructures now common in most complex components were able to match the debugging requirements of design verification and prototype validation. This paper analyses the main debug requirements in the design of microprocessor-based applications and the feasibility of their implementation using the mandatory, optional and additional operating modes of the standard IEEE 1149.1 test infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131578738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation vector grade (VVG): a new coverage metric for validation and test","authors":"Pradip A. Thaker, V. Agrawal, M. Zaghloul","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766663","url":null,"abstract":"Current code coverage metrics used in high level VLSI design methodology are based on statement, branch, toggle and condition coverages of the HDL code obtained by simulating validation vectors. These measures allow the designer to find sections of the HDL code not executed during validation. Feedback from the code coverage analysis helps generate additional vectors to exercise previously unexercised functionality. In this paper, we explore the relationship between results of RTL code coverage and the gate level fault coverage. Based on the observations of this empirical study we propose a new and improved code coverage metric \"Validation Vector Grade (VVG)\". The VVG-approach modifies code coverage metrics by adding the concepts of observability and arithmetic fault library. VVG is an improved validation metric, which can also be used for early testability analysis at the RT level. Results of the VVG-approach at RT level are shown to be good indicators of the structural fault coverage. Experiments on actual telecommunication VLSI chip designs show that the VVG reported at the RT level can predict the post-synthesis gate level fault coverage with an error margin less than 4%. Also, the improvements in VVG at the RT level due to high-level design changes or added vectors track improvements in gate level fault coverage.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fault simulation based test pattern generator for synchronous sequential circuits","authors":"Ruifeng Guo, I. Pomeranz, S. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766674","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a fault simulation based test generation procedure for synchronous sequential circuits. Several techniques are used to generate test sequences to achieve high fault coverages at low computational complexity. Experimental results presented demonstrate that the proposed procedure achieves fault coverages which are in all cases the same or higher than those achieved by existing procedures. The run times of the procedure are considerably smaller compared to the existing procedures.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127456612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Programmable embedded self-testing checkers for all-unidirectional error-detecting codes","authors":"A. P. Stroele, S. Tarnick","doi":"10.1109/VTEST.1999.766690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTEST.1999.766690","url":null,"abstract":"Code checkers monitor the outputs of a system in order to detect errors as soon as possible. The presented checker designs for m-out-of-n and Berger codes are well suited for use as embedded checkers since under very weak assumptions they are self-testing with respect to all single stuck-at faults and almost all combinational faults in a single cell. They are built from full adders and flip-flops and have a regular structure. The same checker circuit can be employed for m-out-of-n codes with different values of m. Also, the same circuit can be used for different types of Berger codes. The specific code is determined by the initialization of the checker register.","PeriodicalId":248104,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 17th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (Cat. No.PR00146)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115791334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}