Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies最新文献_第5页

A kincs..., ami van! A jelenkori magyar Afrika-kutatás humánerőforrásáról

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.5

Judit T. Kiss

引用次数: 0

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.2

József Brauer-Benke

{"title":"Az afrikai lantok története és típusai","authors":"József Brauer-Benke","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The historical survey presented here demonstrates that musical instruments of the lute type derive from outside the African continent, even though they have probably been present in the North African region for several millennia. The first evidence of their appearance in ancient Egypt goes back to the era of Dynasty XVIII (ca. 1550–1292 BCE). The use of lutes having a long neck may have been preserved later among various Berber-speaking populations, and their wide dissemination over West Africa can only be dated with certainty to the period after the 14th century, when widespread conversion to Islam led to the replacement of an older arched type (having few strings and capable of producing a limited range of sounds) with a long-necked lute type borrowed from the Berbers, which can be considered more advanced owing to its mode of stretching the strings with a tuning ring. This paradigm shift is obvious in the epic song cycle known as Gassire’s Lute. Parallel to this development harp lutes appeared as a kind of cross between lutes and bow harps; and types of this new instrument having a larger body and multiple strings could rival the short-necked oud, an urban instrument spread by Arab tribes. Perhaps for this reason, the latter was not widely adopted among the Islamized populations of West Africa, while it did become popular in Europe in the 13th century, first adopted by the Spaniards. The fact that long-necked lutes are found only in North and West Africa also proves that the Nilotic-speaking peoples did not borrow these, unlike harps and lyras, which they did. Had they done so, the southward expansion of Nilotic-speaking populations would have led to the distribution of long-necked lutes over Central and Eastern Africa. For the same reason these instruments must have appeared in West Africa only after the Bantu expansion, before which era their use must have been restricted to Berber-speaking groups for three millennia. Short-necked lutes are likely to have been originated in Central Asia and they certainly spread from that region; the archaic type that is carved from one block of wood and has a bottle-like shape spread to Southeast Asia with the Muslim expansion and may have been carried from there to the islands of the Indian Ocean and sporadically to East Africa as well. Its wider adoption over the latter region was probably hindered by the ubiquity of rival instruments (harps and lyras) there. Moreover, the short-necked lutes carved of a single block of wood were not suitable for further development with the aim of increasing the volume, hence the recent widespread adoption among the inhabitants of the eastern and southern regions of Africa of a long-necked lute type having a larger, box-like body.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suha György: Bevezetés a szangó nyelvbe. Magyar-szangó szójegyzékkel

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.6

András A. Gergely

引用次数: 0

What Destination Awaits the Development of Botswana 博茨瓦纳的发展目标是什么

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.15170/at.2021.15.3.1

Daniel Muth

{"title":"What Destination Awaits the Development of Botswana","authors":"Daniel Muth","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Botswana has long been lauded for developing uniquely strong political institutions and using its diamond revenues productively to enhancing the welfare of its citizens. However, depleting diamond sources conjoined with an inadequate level of economic diversity poses serious challenges to further development. Unequivocally, the country has arrived at a crossroads. Botswana must seize the narrow window of time before its diamond resources are depleted, by nurturing economic sectors and investing in human capabilities, in order to climb higher on the ladder of economic development. If they do not, the country may be set back dramatically after decades long successful policy efforts. This essay addresses the puzzle of why the development of Botswana has suddenly stagnated despite having powerful facilitating factors such as political stability and advanced economic policies. This essay will shed some light on the dilemma by discussing key political economy developments driven by the diamond dependency, and the way in which Botswana is integrated into regional markets. Current policy deliberations should be informed by a greater understanding of the main factors affecting past developments. Therefore, my aim is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the structural conditions affecting develop- mental outcome in the region, and to reinvigorate the discussion on possible policy solutions to mitigate/overcome contingency.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123499840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Velünk élő afrikai történelem...

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.15170/at.2020.14.3-4.6

István Tarrósy

引用次数: 0

Afrikai citerák

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.15170/at.2020.14.3-4.3

József Brauer-Benke

{"title":"Afrikai citerák","authors":"József Brauer-Benke","doi":"10.15170/at.2020.14.3-4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2020.14.3-4.3","url":null,"abstract":"A general historical survey of African zither types cannot fail to highlight the disproportionalities brought about in the study of Africa by the essentialistic ideology of Afrocentrism. Thus the widely known videoclip of the 1987 hit Yé-ké-yé-ké by the late Mory Kante (d. 22nd May 2020), musician and composer of Guinean Mandinka origin has allowed millions to experience the kora harp lute with which he accompanied his song and popularized this instrument as well as the musical tradition of the West African griots, while the obviously related mvet harp zither is scarcely known today. This despite the fact that both the latter instrument type and its specialists, the mbomo mvet master singers, played a very similar role in the cultures of the Central African chiefdoms, as did the nanga bards playing the enanga trough zither in the East African kingdoms. Another important and interesting historical insight provided by a careful morphological and etymological analysis of African zither types and their terminology that takes comparative account of South and Southeast Asian data and ethnographic parallels concerns the possibility of borrowings. Thus stick and raft zither types may well have reached the eastern half of West Africa and the northeastern part of Central Africa – several centuries prior to the era of European geographical explorations – owing to population movements over the Red Sea. It seems therefore probable that the African stick bridges harp zithers (in fact a sui generis instrument type rather than a subtype of zithers) developed from South Asian stick zither types. On the other hand, tube zithers and box zithers – fretted-enhanced versions of the stick zither – certainly reached Africa because of the migration of Austronesian-speaking groups over the Indian Ocean, since their recent ethnographic analogies have survived in Southeast Asia as well. By contrast types of trough zither, confined to East Africa, must have developed in Africa from box zither types, which are based on similar techniques of making the strings tense. The hypothesis of African zither types having originated from beyond the Indian Ocean is further strengthened by the absence of these instruments in such regions of Sub-Saharan Africa as the Atlantic coast of West Africa as well as in Northeast, Southwest and South Africa. Thus the historical overview of African zither types also helps refute the erroneous idea that prior to the arrival of European explorers and colonizers the continent was isolated from the rest of the world. In fact seafaring peoples such as the Austronesians, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and Persians did continually reach it, bringing with them cultural artifacts, production techniques and agricultural products among other things, which would then spread over large distances along the trade routes over Africa.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nation-Building Predicament, Transition Fatigue, and Fear of State Collapse 国家建设困境、转型疲劳与国家崩溃恐惧

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.15170/AT.2019.13.5.3

Meressa Tsehaye Gebrewahd

{"title":"Nation-Building Predicament, Transition Fatigue, and Fear of State Collapse","authors":"Meressa Tsehaye Gebrewahd","doi":"10.15170/AT.2019.13.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/AT.2019.13.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia, evolved from Tigray, is known by its history of having been an empire (e.g., the Axumite kingdom) and having been independent. The fundamental weakness of the Ethiopian state has been the lack of inclusive national consensus, hampered by national oppression and the dilemma of democratizing a feudal state. The post-1991 TPLF-EPRDF-led Ethiopia has been experimenting with federalist nation-building to address Ethiopia’s historical contradictions: national and class oppression. The 1995 FDRE Constitution established a federal system and subsequently recognized the right of nations to self-determination including secession, self-administration, and local development. The constitution also declared that the Ethiopian nations were the “sovereign owners” of the constitution. However, the coming of Abiy Ahmed to power and his policy reforms based on ‘neo-pan-Ethiopianism’ opened the box of Pandora of secessionist, irredentist, and federalist forces opposing his plan to recentralize the ethnic federation, as it happened similarly in the case of former Yugoslavia. PM Abiy’s reforms have been branded as those of the ‘Mikael Gorbachev of Ethiopia’ for his sweeping campaign against the 27 years of federalist control. The article investigates the nation-building aspirations, transition fatigue, the predicaments of secessionist, federalist, and assimilationist narratives, and the subsequent fear of ‘state collapse’ in the post-2018 crisis in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115175303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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A női genitális csonkítás: múlt és jelen 切割女性生殖器：过去与现在

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.15170/AT.2019.13.1-2.1

Dániel Solymári, Janet Mangera, Gabriella Csikós

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A nők és a földkérdés a Kelet-afrikai Közösség tagállamaiban

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.15170/at.2019.13.1-2.3

Judit Bagi

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Afrotopia – Afrika helye és lehetséges integrációja egy új világrendben

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.15170/at.2019.13.1-2.7

Mihály Benkes

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