Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies最新文献

{"title":"“We Are in the Darkness”: The Impact of Fair Trade from the Perspective of Coffee Growers in the Kilimanjaro Region","authors":"A. Babo","doi":"10.15170/at.2022.16.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2022.16.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the impacts of Fairtrade on rural communities requires examining how Western ethical businesses and eco-friendly social movements affect farmers’ livelihoods. This research took place in coffee-growing communities in Tanzania and aimed to understand local farmers’ prospects for their collaboration with Fairtrade. Although the Fairtrade initiative aims to strengthen cultivation skills to increase the quality and price of coffee production, farmers and leaders of the rural cooperatives critically assessed the mitigated impacts of the ethical trade on the development of their lives and communities. The article, based on ethnographic research in the Moshi District, argues that beyond changes induced by the ethical business organization, farmers are trapped in “darkness” due to having insufficient information on their trading partner and limited ability to empower and transform their cooperatives.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114485934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Shackles of Instability: Challenges of Operation Barkhane in the G5 Sahel Countries","authors":"Judit Godó","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Suffering from a multidimensional crisis, the Sahel has morphed into the new center of terror. In the past few years, it has become one of the most hazardous places in the world, which has negatively transformed the fragile states of the Western-African region. Emerging as a novel security policy challenge, the G5 Sahel countries – namely Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger – have found themselves stuck in a quagmire of different deep-rooted human security issues, which have placed their populations in a vicious circle of closely intertwined problems. Various influences threaten not just the security of residents and foreign actors but also the security of neighboring states. Different regional and international actors are trying to solve this complex crisis with varying levels of success. In this environment, in the shackles of instability, the presence of jihadist terrorist organizations and the operations of different rebel armed forces independent from governments pose a growing threat by making Sahelian life a living hell. This paper aims to discuss the challenges and effectiveness of Operation Barkhane, the terminating counter-terrorism operation led by the French, which has started its strategical transformation by merging into the European initiative known as the Takuba Task Force. Under President Emmanuel Macron, France remains the most important actor in the international community. In close alliance and cooperation with the African leaders and military forces of the five countries involved, they have been fighting terrorism within the confines of Operation Barkhane since 2014. Until recently 5,100 French soldiers have been deployed. They risk their lives every day in an incredibly hostile and constantly changing field where either they or the jihadists are under fire. Even though this operation has become an essential part of providing security in these countries, French participation remains controversial: despite their willingness to help, heavily armed French soldiers are not the most popular throughout the region. The importance of the topic speaks for itself because the transformation of the operation and the withdrawal of half of the French troops may have a drastic impact on the future of the Sahel.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127540550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root Causes and the Socio-Economic Impact of the Ongoing War Between the Tplf and the Federal Government of Ethiopia (2 November 2020 – 15 October 2021)","authors":"A. Abdulkadr, G. Neszmélyi","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abiy Ahmed, the current premier and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2019, is the third prime minister to lead Ethiopia since the overthrow of Derg. Although he had high approval ratings at the beginning of his administration across the coun- try including Tigray, the premier has lost the trust of the TPLF, and most of its leaders have left the capital Addis to settle in Mekelle. This situation increased tension between TPLF and the federal government, which resulted in the ongoing war. This research aims at identifying the main causes of the ongoing conflict in Ethiopia and its socio-economic consequences, utilizing informal methods of data collection and phone interviews. In addition, observations, assessment, and infor- mal communications with members of the Ethiopian and Tigray defence forces were also included in the data collection. The root cause of this war was a matter of gaining power in the federal government. As a consequence of this conflict, peo- ple in the Tigray region and some parts of the Afar and Amhara regions have been suffering for several months. Hundreds of thousands of people displaced from western Tigray to Sudan and central Tigray and war zones in Afar and Amhara are currently searching for safety. The people of Tigray have not had electricity, banking services, and internet access for many months. In the past two months, some parts of the Amhara and Afar regions have also been similarly affected. The economy of the country has been impacted in many sectors including tourism. The military tanks, cars, and aircraft that were destroyed in the war were resources for the country. Most importantly, the country is losing its work force while fighting in the war with many fatalities. The war has also had a psychological impact on community due to rapes and robberies. The other key finding is that most of the people are rather spending their time with arguing on who is responsible for the current war instead of focusing on the development of the economy. In conclu- sion, this war broke out due to a few politicians seeking power, which negatively impacted the livelihood of Ethiopian citizens and country’s economy. As there is nothing more important than peace for the country and its people, it is recom- mended that politicians should sit down to work out their differences.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121605933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Kenyan Government Initiatives in Slum Upgrading: The Case of KENSUP and KISIP Projects","authors":"Daniel Solymári, J. Mangera, Ráhel Czirják, I. Tarrósy","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to explore the slum upgrading processes: the implementation of the Kenyan KENSUP project, associated successes and failures, and to draw possible lessons that can be learned from the initiative. The study utilized field work desk reviews to gather relevant information regarding slum upgrade processes in Kenya. The criteria used in the review process entailed exploring the context in which the KENSUP upgrading project was implemented, focusing on the legal frameworks, process of implementation, achievements, results, setbacks and failures in the processes in order to draw lessons for future programmes.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on women in Morocco and Tunisia","authors":"Xénia Zsuzsanna Sipos","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has globally amplified and brought to the surface the difficulties of vulnerable groups, including women engaged in rural activities. Even before the outbreak of the pandemic, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was strongly affected by a significantly high unemployment rate (42.8%) among young people aged 15 to 24. The fact that 61.8% of the female labour force in Morocco and 70% of it in Tunisia are involved in the agricultural sector serves as an additional obstacle to realizing gender equality. Besides the application of statistical indicators, the article also works with qualitative data collected from interviews that were conducted with four representatives or members of local Tunisian NGOs and four activists of Moroccan women’s rights organizations. On one hand, it cannot be denied that international relations themselves are strongly strongly dominated by men. On the other hand, taking into consideration the complex interdependence of the international political order and its effects on decision-makers and sub-state actors alike, the analysis states that despite the political, historical, economic, and cultural char- acteristics of Morocco and Tunisia, the pandemic can serve as a catalyst for women’s rights organizations to act for the improve- ment of women’s conditions.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Africa and The Decline of The Democracy Debate","authors":"M. Salih","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The debate on the decline of democracy is not new. It can be traced to the period between the First and Second World Wars, and it resurfaced during the 1970s, followed by the most spectacular dem- ocratic resurgence in human history. This lecture focuses on the current debate on the decline of democracy and downward trends in major democracy assessment indices. Africa is among the three least democratic world regions, with 42% of African countries cur- rently designated as not free. \u0000Measuring the decline or rise of democracy only by the perfor- mance of institutional politics does not provide a complete picture of the issue. Institutional politics does not account for the resil- ience and thriving new spaces where democratic vibrancy and civic engagement prevail. Examples from African countries demonstrate that democracy indices based on institutional politics alone do not account for alternative democratic spaces and practices. This paper is the edited version of the keynote speech delivered by the author at the 6th Pécs African Studies Conference under the theme “African Realities: Conflict and Cooperation”, September 23-24, 2021 – University of Pécs, Hungary.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126758613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le grand livre de l’Afrique","authors":"Mihály Benkes","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Benkes Mihály a következő művet mutatta be: \u0000Nicolas Normand: Le grand livre de l’Afrique Chaos ou émergence au sud du Sahara ? Éd. Eyrolles, 2019","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116838359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Learning and Teaching in Kenya: Use of Video Games in Education","authors":"A. Aseey","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Education is one sector that tries to be consistent despite facing several changes. Vari- ous factors and emerging trends have affected the sector both positively and negatively. The scope of the digital divide is more pronounced in the developing countries and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the technological struggles in Africa more than before. Technology is an enabler in education but not in all contexts because it also causes other challenges that increase the vulnerability of learners and educators in diverse circumstances. The proliferation of digital devices, especially mobile and smart devices, has brought in new changes and innovative ideas that have impacted the sectors input, output, and outcome. Leaners have demonstrated various degrees of adoption and absorption of new devices, and simultaneously educators have integrated and adapted to new pedagogies that resonate with the situation. As a continent, Africa has experienced an emerging trend with digital and non-digital devices interconnected for educational purposes on demand whenever needed. In developing countries like Kenya, more innovative ways of learning have been harnessed for learning and teach- ing purposes .With the penetration of the World Wide Web, the internet of things, availability of electronic devices, and improvement in information communication and technology infrastructure. Video games, which can be played on many platforms and electronic devices, can easily be leveraged for teaching and learning purposes. This study was conducted among learners and educators in an urban setting in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study investigated the potential of video games in education as used by leaners and teachers. The findings indicated that most leaners targeted had personal mobile devices. This gave them easy access to video games, which led to the popularity of these games. The findings also indicated that the leaners were not allowed to use digital devices like mobile phones in the classroom at school but had limited access to video games through desktops and laptops available in their institutions. The findings also showed that the majority of teachers were not keen on using video games for teaching and learning purposes, and this scenario presented a disparity in and a barrier to using multi-disciplinary approaches and integrating technology in teaching and learning. The study recommended that, with more electronic devices available for leaners and other education stakeholders, it is necessary to harness video games for learning and teaching purposes to allow for innovation, discovery, critical thinking, and experiential learning among learners.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128885409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Global Financial Crisis and Ethiopian Monetary Policy Measures: Review on the pre-and post-crisis scenario","authors":"Adisu Fanta Bate","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers and leaders usually fail to grasp a sound lesson from the eco- nomic hurdles and crises countries face. This paper, thus, is intended to review and articulate the causes and effects of the global financial crisis, and how the Ethiopian monetary policy reacted and mitigated the crisis. The data for the analysis were collected from various sources including IMF, World Bank, National Bank of Ethiopia, and research articles from 2003 to 2019. The review reveals that even during the crisis in 2009, Ethiopia was among the top five fastest-growing countries in the world by an average of 10.5%, which is twice the average growth of Sub-Sahara African countries (5 %). It had become the seventh-largest economy in Africa and the 69th in the world with a GDP PPP of 118.2$ Billion as of 2013. Some of the main reasons for the con- tinued growth of the country amid crisis could be the desynchronization of the country’s financial market with the international financial market, an insig- nificant share of mortgage loans in domestic financial sector services, and high-level government-led infrastructure investment coupled with China’s economic alliance. However, the significant effect of the crisis was observed in the country’s exports, remittance, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). To shun the related inflationary effect, the government increased the minimum deposit interest rate, reserve, and liquidity requirements, and reinstated the credit restrictions. Also, the immediate alert was given to commercial banks to give proper attention in managing credit risk and reducing non-performing loans to below 5% and overdraft facilities. Given the above-mentioned facts, the monetary policy measures were effective to stabilize the economy & sus- tain the growth. In the end, the offshoots & setbacks of the unsynchronized financial market, government-led investment & fettered mortgage loans are addressed, and the way forward is marked out.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Az afrikai hősepika kutatása a francia nyelvűség területén","authors":"Szilárd Biernaczky","doi":"10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/at.2021.15.1-2.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of heroic epic research in Africa, the collections, transcripts, translations, and follow-up analyses accompanying the editions of the text were published for the most part in two languages, French and English. In this study, the author takes into account the outstanding achievements of French scholarship.","PeriodicalId":246647,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}