{"title":"Unsupervised endmember extraction of martian hyperspectral images","authors":"B. Luo, J. Chanussot, S. Douté, X. Ceamanos","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we try to identify and quantify the chemical species present on the surface of planet Mars with the help of hyperspectral images provided by the instrument OMEGA [1]. For this purpose, we suppose that the spectrum of each pixel is a linear mixture of the spectra of different endmembers. From this linear mixture hypothesis, our work is divided into two steps. Firstly, we propose a new unsupervised method for estimating the number of endmembers based on the eigenvalues of covariance and correlation matrix of the hyperspectral data. This method is then validated on synthetic data. With the help of the number estimated by the precedent step, we use the Vertex Component Analysis (VCA) to extract the spectra and the abundances of the endmembers. The results on hyperspectral image acquired by the OMEGA instrument are shown.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Daughtry, G. Serbin, J. Reeves, P. Doraiswamy, E. Hunt
{"title":"Wheat straw composition and spectral reflectance changes during decomposition","authors":"C. Daughtry, G. Serbin, J. Reeves, P. Doraiswamy, E. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289086","url":null,"abstract":"Quantification of crop residue cover is required to assess the extent of conservation tillage. Our objectives were to measure the changes in wheat straw composition and spectral reflectance during decomposition and to assess impact of these changes on remotely sensed estimates of residue cover. Mesh bags filled with wheat straw were placed on the soil surface and removed at intervals over 22 months. The relative proportions of cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw declined while lignin increased. Reflectance spectra of wheat straw and two soils were measured over 350-2500 nm region. Absorption features in the reflectance spectra associated with cellulose diminished as the straw decomposed. The Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) was a robust estimator of crop residue cover. Advanced multi-spectral sensors with multiple relatively narrow shortwave infrared bands or hyperspectral sensors are needed to assess crop residue cover reliably over diverse agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131216010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectral band discrimination for species observed from hyperspectral remote sensing","authors":"N. Dudeni, P. Debba, M. Cho, R. Mathieu","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289067","url":null,"abstract":"In vegetation spectroscopy, compositional information of leaves contained at band level or across the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) and parts thereof, plays a huge rule in the analysis of spectra and their relations to the reflectance patterns across the spectrum. Spectral matching is often achieved by means of matching algorithms such as the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral information divergence (SID) and mixed measures of SAM and SID using either the tangent or the sine trigonometric functions, SID(TAN) or SID(SIN). The performance of these measures in distinguishing between objects of interest, such as species, is often compared using the relative spectral discriminatory probability (RSDPB). In this study, these measures are used to assess whether various sets of bands including the full spectrum, the visible (VIS), the near infrared (NIR), the shortwave infra-red (SWIR) region, as well as sets of bands identified by the stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), can be used to discriminate the different species. This is done to identify the important regions of the EMS to distinguish seven common savannah tree species observed in the Kruger National Park, South Africa's largest game reserve. The magnitude of variation of the species in any part of the spectrum can be linked to the importance of that spectral region in distinguishing the species. In addition, classification accuracy of these sets of bands was assessed and the SDA bands often gave better classification accuracy compared to using all bands, bands in the NIR, and SWIR parts of the EMS.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122219028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forward Modeling and Atmospheric Compensation in hyperspectral data: Experimental analysis from a target detection perspective","authors":"S. Matteoli, Emmett Ientilucci, J. Kerekes","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5288972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5288972","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account atmospheric effects is crucial in target detection of airborne/satellite hyperspectral images. In regard to this, two physics-based approaches to atmospheric radiative transfer modeling are considered here: Atmospheric Compensation (AC) and Forward Modeling (FM). An experimental analysis is presented that encompasses target detection both relying upon an atmospherically compensated reflectance image and by generating predicted radiance target spaces through a forward modeling approach. Real hyperspectral imagery that embodies a very challenging, cluttered, mixed pixel detection problem is used to compare AC and FM approaches from an operational target detection perspective. On this data, detection in the radiance domain through FM has proven to be as effective as the standard AC plus reflectance domain processing. Experiments have also highlighted several aspects of FM approach (e.g. its intrinsic simplicity, flexibility, and applicability) that should be considered when performing target detection, especially for targets affected by high variability.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133792407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An NCM-based Bayesian algorithm for hyperspectral unmixing","authors":"O. Eches, N. Dobigeon, J. Tourneret","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a new Bayesian algorithm to unmix hyperspectral images. The algorithm is based on the recent normal compositional model introduced by Eismann. Contrary to the standard linear mixing model, the endmember spectra are assumed to be random signatures with know mean vectors. Appropriate prior distributions are assigned to the abundance coefficients to ensure the usual positivity and sum-to-one constraints. However, the resulting posterior distribution is too complex to obtain a closed form expression for the Bayesian estimators. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is then proposed to generate samples distributed according to the full posterior distribution. These samples are used to estimate the unknown model parameters. Several simulations are conducted on synthetic and real data to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125239856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperspectral video for illumination-invariant tracking","authors":"A. Banerjee, P. Burlina, Joshua B. Broadwater","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289103","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in electronics and sensor design have enabled the development of a hyperspectral video camera, which can capture hyperspectral datacubes at near video rates. In this work, we show how high-speed hyperspectral imaging can be used to address several challenging problems in video surveillance. In particular, we combine traditional methods for hyperspectral image analysis and computer vision to achieve illumination-invariant motion detection and object tracking. Experiments using real hyperspectral video images are provided.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122411140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The comparison of pixel size and atmospheric correction method on matched filter detection for a hyperspectral image","authors":"P. Conforti, R. Sundberg","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289000","url":null,"abstract":"Two atmospheric correction methods are used to obtain the reflectance for a hyperspectral data image resampled to varying spatial resolution. The physics-based FLAASH approach as well as the in-scene based QUAC method retrieve the reflectance spectra for the scene, and the ability to use the results to detect materials of interest in the image is determined. Using a spectral matched filter to score the results, both FLAASH and QUAC perform well at matching the ground truth spectrum of a bright meter-sized material at ground sampling distances of 2.4–24 m. For a dark material, QUAC performance degrades with lower resolutions.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127967208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of kernel functions for intimate mixture models","authors":"Joshua B. Broadwater, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289073","url":null,"abstract":"In previous work, kernel methods were introduced as a way to generalize the linear mixing model. This work led to a new set of algorithms that performed the unmixing of hyperspectral imagery in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. By processing the imagery in this space different types of unmixing could be introduced - including an approximation of intimate mixtures. Whereas previous research focused on developing the mathematical foundation for kernel unmixing, this paper focuses on the selection of the kernel function. Experiments are conducted on real-world hyperspectral data using a linear, a radial-basis function, a polynomial, and a proposed physicsbased kernel. Results show which kernels provide the best ability to perform intimate unmixing.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Waske, S. Linden, J. Benediktsson, Andreas Rabe, P. Hostert
{"title":"Impact of different morphological profiles on the classification accuracy of urban hyperspectral data","authors":"B. Waske, S. Linden, J. Benediktsson, Andreas Rabe, P. Hostert","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289078","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed study on the classification of urban hyperspectral data with morphological profiles (MP). Although such a spectral-spatial classification approach may significantly increase achieved accuracy, the computational complexity as well as the increased dimensionality and redundancy of such data sets are potential drawbacks. This can be overcome by feature selection. Moreover it is useful to derive detailed information on the contribution of different components from MP to the classification accuracy by evaluating these subsets. We apply a wrapper approach for feature selection based on support vector machines (SVM) with sequential feature forward selection (FFS) search strategy to two hyperspectral data sets that contain the first principal components (PC) and various corresponding MP from an urban area. In doing so, we identify feature subsets of increasing size that perform best in terms of kappa for the given setup. Results clearly demonstrate that maximum classification accuracies are achieved already on small feature subsets with few morphological profiles.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123939974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local covariance matrices for improved target detection performance","authors":"C. E. Caefer, S. Rotman","doi":"10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5288987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5288987","url":null,"abstract":"Our research goals in hyperspectral point target detection have been to develop a methodology for algorithm comparison and to advance point target detection algorithms through the fundamental understanding of spatial/spectral statistics. In this paper, we demonstrate improved target detection performance by making better estimates of the covariance matrix. We develop a new type of local covariance matrix which can be implemented in Principal Component space which shows improved performance based on our metrics.","PeriodicalId":242447,"journal":{"name":"2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114402975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}