Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i>.","authors":"Lucai Wang, Lijia Liu, Huanrong Zhang","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2022.554037.3474","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2022.554037.3474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i>, which causes the disease known as chicken synovitis, causes serious immunosuppression. We developed a rapid insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iiPCR) assay for on-site detection of <i>M. synoviae</i> using a primer and probe set targeting the <i>variable lipoprotein and haemagglutinin</i> (<i>vlh</i><i>A</i>) gene. In addition, the specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and clinical detection of this method were evaluated. Our iiPCR assay detected <i>M. synoviae</i> clinical isolates and samples successfully and produced negative results on <i>Mycoplasma galliscepticum</i><i>,</i> avian viral arthritis, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Corynebacterium</i>, indicating that the PCR reactions were specific. Additionally, our iiPCR assay detected the prepared positive standard plasmid diluted 10 times (1.00 × 10^-1 - 1.00 × 10^-10) as a template. The undiluted positive plasmid was positive and double distilled water was negative indicating that the PCR reactions were sensitive, respectively. Finally, the <i>vlhA</i> positive standard plasmid with dilution multiple of 1.00 × 10^-4 - 1.00 × 10^-6 was repeatedly detected three times to evaluate the repeatability of the iiPCR method established in this experiment showing that the iiPCR of <i>M. synoviae</i> is repeatable. The established iiPCR was also used to detect 50 chicken joint enlargement samples. The thermostatic detection PCR established in this experiment was comparable to a reference real-time PCR (qPCR).</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10921137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital feline tuberculosis: the first case report.","authors":"Osman Dağar, Mehmet Burak Ateş, Mustafa Ortatatlı, Fatih Mehmet Öztürk","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2020553.4141","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2020553.4141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the first report of congenital tuberculosis in an 8-month-old male British Shorthair cat. The case was examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The cat was referred to a private veterinary clinic with general respiratory system problems and subsequent deterioration, leading to death. The cat owner granted permission for the cat necropsy and pathological examinations at Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye. During systemic necropsy, white round foci with diameters ranging from 3.00 to 5.00 mm were observed in the lung and spleen. Tissue samples were collected from the lung, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, mediastinal lymph nodes and brain for histopathological examinations. The tissues were subjected to routine histological tissue processing and sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen. Additionally, <i>Mycobacterium spp</i>. antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. Microscopic examination revealed exudative tuberculosis lesions, areas of necrosis without a fibrous capsule and karyorrhectic cells only in the lung and spleen. Acid-resistant bacteria observed by ZN staining in the lesioned areas of the lung and spleen were identified as <i>Mycobacterium spp</i>. using immunohistochemical staining. No positive staining was observed in other organs using ZN and immunohistochemical methods. As a result, congenital tuberculosis was diagnosed in a cat for the first time, especially in relation to lesions in the spleen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 4","pages":"203-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141069665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thymoquinone on acetic acid-induced visceral nociception in rats: role of central cannabinoid and α₂-adrenergic receptors.","authors":"Somayyeh Naderi, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Saeid Nafisi, Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2023.2005364.3922","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2023.2005364.3922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main biologically active substance of <i>Nigella sativa</i> (black seeds). It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and anti-nociceptive properties. This study was aimed to explore the effect of TQ on acetic acid-induced visceral nociception. The central mechanisms of the effect of TQ were investigated using cannabinergic (AM251) and α₂-adrenergic (yohimbine [Yoh]) antagonists. The lateral ventricle of the brain was cannulated for intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections. Visceral nociception was induced by intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of acetic acid (1.00% in a volume of 1.00 mL). Measuring the latency time to the first writhing appearance and counting the number of writhing in 5-min intervals for a period of 60 min were performed. Locomotor activity was determined using an open-field test. Oral administration (PO) of 2.50 and 10.00 mg kg^-1 TQ increased the latency time to the first writhing appearance and decreased the number of writhing. The AM251 (5.00 µg <i>per</i> rat; ICV) and Yoh (5.00 µg <i>per</i> rat; ICV) partially prevented TQ (10.00 mg kg^-1; PO)-induced anti-nociception. Locomotor activity was not altered by these treatments. The results of the present study showed that TQ had the ability to reduce visceral nociception caused by IP injection of acetic acid. The central mechanisms of this action of TQ might be partially mediated by cannabinergic and α₂-adrenegic receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 3","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CB1 cannabinoid receptors involvement in anti-epileptic effect of safranal on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.","authors":"Sina Tamaddonfard, Amir Erfanparast, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Farhad Soltanalinejad","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2023.2000166.3851","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2023.2000166.3851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroprotective effects for natural products are supported by several studies. In this regard, safranal, a constitute of saffron, has the potential to exert beneficial effects in neuro-logical disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated the effect of safranal on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Also, the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of AM251 as a CB1-cannabinoid receptors antagonist to clarify the possible mechanism of safranal were evaluated. Epileptiform activity was induced by intra-cortical administration of penicillin (300 IU, 1.50 μL) in urethane-anesthetized rats. Electrocorticographic recordings were used to analyze the frequency and amplitude of spike waves. Intraperitoneal injections of safranal at doses of 1.00 and 4.00 mg kg^-1 significantly reduced both the number and amplitude of spike waves. The ICV microinjection of AM251 (0.50 μg 2.00 μL^-1) significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of spike waves. In addition, the anti-epileptic effect induced by administration of safranal at a dose of 4.00 mg kg^-1 was partially prevented by ICV microinjection of 0.50 μg 2.00 μL^-1 of AM251. The results showed anti-epileptiform activities for safranal. Central CB1 cannabinergic receptors might be involved in the anti-epileptiform activity of safranal.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10921132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of controlled released implant containing mesoporous selenium nanoparticles loaded with curcumin in rats with spinal cord injury.","authors":"Ehsan Lajmiri, Moosa Javdani, Pegah Khosravian, Mohammad Hashemnia, Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2014162.4040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2024.2014162.4040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a controlled released delivery drug system designed and synthesized by loading curcumin and selenium nanoparticles (SeNaPs) on chitosan hydrogel, and while evaluating the physicochemical properties of the prepared drug delivery system, the tissue changes caused by the local implant of that system in rats with experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) were investigated. For this purpose, 100 adult female rats were randomly divided into five equal groups which are: Control group without any treatment for SCI, chitosan group that received chitosan hydrogel, curcumin group that received curcumin-loaded hydrogel, SeNaP group that received chitosan loaded with SeNaPs and SeNPCur group that received chitosan loaded with SeNaPs and curcumin. On the 3^rd and 7^th days of the study, severe infiltration of leukocytes, especially lymphocytes, as well as axon swelling and hemorrhagic necrosis at the lesion sites were observed in all groups, especially the control group. On the 7^th day, the severity of these injuries decreased in the SeNPCur group and the highest number of astrocytes was observed in this group. In addition, on the 14^th and 21^st days of the study, the lowest severity of nerve tissue damage and the lowest presence of inflammatory cells along with the highest number of astrocytes were seen in the SeNPCur group. The glial fibrillary acidic protein study also confirmed the presence of more and significant astrocytes in the SeNPCur, curcumin and SeNP groups at different times of the study, respectively. The histopathological results showed the neuroprotective effects of chitosan hydrogel loaded with selenium and curcumin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 7","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of wet feeding on performance, blood plasma indices, intestinal histomorphometry, and economics of broiler chickens under hot climatic conditions.","authors":"Hina Ashraf Waiz, Lokesh Gautam","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2019127.4115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2024.2019127.4115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to investigate the impact of wet feeding on broiler chicken performance and intestinal histomorphometry. The research was conducted at the Veterinary College, Udaipur, India, using 144 commercial broiler chicks from day 1 to 6 weeks of age. The chicks were divided randomly into three experimental groups, each with four replicates comprising 48 birds. The control group (G1) was fed dry; while, group 2 (G2) received wet feed supplemented with 1.00 g water <i>per</i> g of feed and group 3 (G3) received wet feed supplemented with 1.20 g water <i>per</i> g of feed. Results revealed that G3 had significantly superior feed conversion ratios, lower feed intake, and increased body weight and weight gain compared to G2 and G1. Among the three treatment groups, there were no variations in blood plasma indicators. In comparison with G1, duodenum and ileum in G2 had higher villus height. The G3 revealed higher net profit margins and 18.89% saving of feed compared to G1, suggesting that it may be a valuable tool for lowering chicken feed costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 8","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gamma irradiation and disaccharide trehalose to induce immune responses in Syrian hamster model against Iranian SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate.","authors":"Farahnaz Motamedi-Sedeh, Akbar Khorasani, Mohsen Lotfi, Seyed Morteza Moosavi, Arash Arbabi, Seyedeh Maede Hosseini","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2022838.4172","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2022838.4172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the causative agent of the emerging zoonotic respiratory disease. One of the most important prerequisites for combating emerging diseases is the development of vaccines within a short period of time. In this study, antigen-irradiated, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and the disaccharide trehalose were used to enhance immune responses in the Syrian hamster. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from tracheal swabs, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and propagated on Vero cells. For inactivation, it was irradiated with 14.00 kGy gamma radiation. Evaluation of the antigenic properties of the spike protein subunit S1 showed that the antigens were intact after gamma irradiation. The gamma-irradiated and formalin-treated viruses were used to immunize hamsters in four vaccine formulations. Neutralizing antibodies increased significantly in all vaccinated groups three weeks after the second and third vaccinations. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in the irradiated vaccine plus trehalose increased significantly in nasal lavage and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue fluids three weeks after the second and third vaccinations. The lymphocyte proliferation test in the spleen showed a significant increase in all vaccinated hamsters, but the increase was greater in irradiated vaccine plus trehalose and irradiated vaccine plus alum. We can recommend the irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus trehalose (intra-nasal) and another irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus alum (subcutaneous) as safe vaccines against coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which can stimulate mucosal, humeral, and cellular immunities. However, the protectivity of the vaccine against COVID-19 in vaccinated hamsters must be investigated in a challenge test to assess the potency and efficiency of vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 12","pages":"681-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of curcumin-loaded polycaprolactone scaffold on Achilles tendon repair in rats.","authors":"Narges Sufian, Mehdi Behfar, Rahim Hobbenaghi, Siamak Asri-Rezaei","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2029563.4286","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2029563.4286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scaffolds play a crucial role in tendon healing by providing structural support, promoting cell infiltration, and guiding tissue regeneration. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been used as a polymer in biological scaffolds for several tissue engineering studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin-loaded PCL scaffold on Achilles tendon using a tenotomy model in rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups. In control group, tenotomy and suture placement were performed. The identical intervention followed by the implantation of curcumin-loaded PCL scaffold around the tendon stumps was performed in the treatment group. The nanofibrous PCL scaffold containing 5.00% curcumin was fabricated by electrospinning. Walking track analysis was performed weekly. Then, after 6 weeks, histopathological examination and tendon mechanical tests were performed. The weekly walking track analysis revealed a significant improvement in Achilles functional index in scaffold-treated rats from week three to six. The rate of functional improvement was remarkably slower in the control group. Histopathological examination revealed aseptic inflammation and enhanced neovascularization in the treatment group. Also, collagen arrangement and density were significantly improved in this group compared to the control samples including less regular orientation and loose organization of collagen fibers. Significant increase in mechanical properties, except for strain, was observed in the treatment group. The present study demonstrated that implantation of curcumin-loaded PCL scaffold resulted in increased fibrillar architecture, as well as improved mechanical properties and Achilles functional index in rats. To reduce the biodegradation-induced inflammation, an anti-inflammatory treatment is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 11","pages":"621-627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of <i>Anaplasma platys</i> in dogs from the municipality of Veracruz, Mexico.","authors":"Izcalli Alejandra Jeréz-Sulvarán, David Itzcóatl Martínez-Herrera, Héctor Vivanco-Cid, José Alfredo Villagómez-Cortés, Héctor Alejandro Contreras-López, Lucy Anahi Muñoz-Muñoz, José Luis Hernández Vivanco, Argel Flores Primo","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2021313.4154","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2024.2021313.4154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia or canine anaplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by <i>Anaplasma platys</i>. In Mexico, cases of human infection have been reported. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the frequency of <i>A. platys</i> infection in the municipality of Veracruz, Mexico, by nested polymerase chain reaction method. A total of 100 blood samples from dogs living in the municipality were collected and analyzed between March and June 2022. A descriptive analysis of blood samples for hemoparasites frequencies was performed with the free online software VassarStats. The evaluated variables were sex, street access, usage of ticks control methods, and living environment. The free online software WinEpi software was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI: 95.00%). Out of 100 analyzed blood samples, 27 were confirmed positive for <i>A. platys</i>. The only risk factor found was the absence of tick prevention methods (OR = 9.81; 95.00% CI: 23.00 - 44.50). In conclusion, the frequency of <i>A. platys</i> was 27.00% and no risk factors were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 12","pages":"697-700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of oxidative stress indices and clinical parameters in budgerigars (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>) treated with medetomidine-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine.","authors":"Zahra Amini, Fatemeh Hoseinpour, Ali Ghashghaii, Hadi Cheraghi","doi":"10.30466/vrf.2023.1999287.3836","DOIUrl":"10.30466/vrf.2023.1999287.3836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various companion birds, including budgerigars, are anesthetized with injectable anesthesia. The current study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) along with clinical parameters such as the time required to induce, maintain and recover from medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia and midazolam-ketamine anesthesia in budgerigars. Among 20 mature and healthy budgerigars, three groups were assigned as follows: Control (n = 4) to determine baseline oxidative stress indices medetomidine + ketamine (n = 8) anesthetized by intramuscular injections of medetomidine (0.04 mg kg^-1) and ketamine (30.00 mg kg^-1) in the pectoral muscles, midazolam + ketamine (n = 8) anesthetized by intramuscular injections of midazolam (1.00 mg kg^-1) and ketamine (50.00 mg kg^-1). Half of birds (n = 4) in the second and third groups were euthanized by cervical dislocation 1 hr after anesthesia induction, blood samples were collected directly from the heart, and sera were extracted. Additionally, the remaining birds were euthanized 24 hr later, and their serum was analyzed for oxidative stress indices. Clinical parameters were recorded during the study. Compared to the medetomidine + ketamine group, the midazolam + ketamine group experienced shorter induction, anesthetic, and recovery times. Administering medetomidine and ketamine elevated TOS levels compared with midazolam + ketamine. No significant difference was found between the test groups for TAC, MDA, or OSI. Therefore, the midazolam + ketamine regimen appears superior to medetomidine + ketamine when performing minor surgeries on budgerigars.</p>","PeriodicalId":23989,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Forum","volume":"15 5","pages":"237-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}