Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Sotagliflozin in Diabetes Mellitus targeting SGLT 1 & SGLT 2: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Manoj Kumbhare, Siddhi Chandak, Arshad Shaikh, Sakshi Velhal, Aishwarya Dukare, Harshali Gode, Nishant Pagere, Bhagwan Ide","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.012","DOIUrl":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sotagliflozin, a novel dual inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2), represents a promising therapeutic advancement for managing diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting SGLT1 in the small intestine and SGLT2 in the kidneys, sotagliflozin uniquely improves glycemic control through reduced postprandial glucose absorption and enhanced urinary glucose excretion. This dual mechanism has shown significant benefits for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including reduced insulin requirements, better glycemic control, weight loss, and improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Clinical trials have highlighted its potential to mitigate the risks of diabetic complications such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, its use is associated with some side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary tract infections, and an elevated risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. This review explores the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic implications of sotagliflozin, emphasizing its unique dual-target approach and potential to address unmet needs in diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review on Transdermal Patches.","authors":"Shubham Singh, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Naveen Gupta, Bhawna Sharma, Sanjesh Rathi, Arjun Singh","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.013","DOIUrl":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery system was presented to overcome the difficulties of drug delivery especially oral route. A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. It promotes healing to an injured area of the body. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of delivery system such as oral, topical, i.v., i.m., etc. is that the patch provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The main disadvantage to transdermal delivery systems stems from the fact that the skin is a very effective barrier, as a result, only medications whose molecules are small can easily penetrate the skin, so it can be delivered by this method. This review article describes the overall introduction of transdermal patches including type of transdermal patches, method of preparation of transdermal patches and factor affecting etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation, Characterization of Antioxidant Activity for Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives.","authors":"Siddhi M Chandak, Manoj R Kumbhare","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study focuses on the design, synthesis, in-silico studies, characterization, and evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of nitrogen and sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds, specifically benzothiazole derivatives (2a-2e). The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Their biological activity was assessed through molecular docking studies, which revealed strong binding interactions with target proteins, with compound 2a exhibiting the highest docking score (-8.7). Swiss ADME analysis was performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties, indicating good drug-likeness and bioavailability. In vitro antidiabetic activity was assessed using the α-amylase inhibition method, where compounds 2a and 2e demonstrated significant inhibitory potential with IC₅₀ values of 22.95±2.50µg/mL and 27.80±3.00µg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that benzothiazole derivatives, particularly compound 2a, hold promise as potential antioxidant agents, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Regulation in Neuroplasticity: Key to Understanding and Treating Neurological Diseases.","authors":"Narkhede Minal, Wankhede Nilesh, Kamble Akanksha","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs-integrate genetic programs with environmental cues to shape neural development, plasticity, and pathology. During neurogenesis, methylation patterns and histone marks direct stem cell fate and synapse formation, while microRNAs fine-tune gene expression. In the adult brain, rapid, reversible histone acetylation and activity-dependent non-coding RNAs underlie learning, memory, and injury responses. Environmental stressors, toxins, and diet can trigger maladaptive epigenetic changes, linking exposures to cognitive deficits and psychiatric risk. Aberrant methylation and histone landscapes are implicated in autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's-altering synaptic scaffolding, amyloid processing, and neuronal survival-while dysregulated microRNAs serve as both biomarkers and intervention targets. Advances in single-cell methylome sequencing, ChIP-seq, and multi-omics are clarifying cell-type specificity, and emerging therapies (HDAC inhibitors, methyl donors, RNA-based tools) offer promise, pending precise delivery and safety optimizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Dapagliflozin in Human Plasma Using RP-HPLC Method.","authors":"Pravin Rangnath Dighe, Manoj Ramesh Kumbhare","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dapagliflozin is used for controlling blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, which enhances the elimination of blood glucose through the urine by inhibiting the protein involved in the transport mechanism of SGLT2. Dapagliflozin requires a selective and sensitive bioanalytical RP-HPLC method.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Reverse phase - high performance liquid chromatography technique was used to develop and validate a bioanalytical method for the quantification of dapagliflozin (DAPA) in human plasma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The internal standard (IS) used was azilsartan medoxomil. In isocratic mode, the mobile phase consisted of 50:50 v/v acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The chromatogram was recorded at 224 nm. For the chromatographic separation, a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5μ) was used. The drug was extracted from plasma samples by the protein precipitation method.</p><p><strong>Result and discussion: </strong>The chromatographic run time was 15 min. Dapagliflozin and IS eluted at 4.6 and 5.7 min, respectively. The method was selective and sensitive, with a limit of quantification of 1.50 µg/mL. The developed method was found to be linear in the range of 1.50-60 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9994). The accuracy and precision obtained from six sets of quality control (QC) samples ranged from 96.23% to 108.67% and 1.35% to 3.19%, respectively. The extraction recovery of dapagliflozin in three QC samples ranged from 87.39% to 90.78%. The bench-top stability, stock solution stability, stability of processed extracted samples at room temperature, and freeze-thaw stability evaluations showed no evidence of degradation of dapagliflozin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The stability, selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the developed method make it suitable for the determination of dapagliflozin in human plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents: Targeting the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Nirmala Shinde, Ashwini Satalkar, Sachin Bhosale, Vrushali Patole, Shubhangi Agale","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical effectiveness of wide range of currently available anticancer drugs is being reduced .HIF-1 alpha is essential for the reprogramming of cancer cells' metabolism,so cancer treatments include inhibiting the HIF-1α signaling pathway and The evidence underscores the potential of natural flavonoids as HIF-1α inhibitors in cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide more comprehensive overview of inhibition of flavonoids on HIF-1 which may be useful for developing new compounds with enhanced anticancer properties and also to provide reasearchers with a thought to design potent and low toxic anticancer candidates.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of natural flavonoids and their derivatives on HIF-1α activity. Emphasis was placed on mechanisms of action, efficacy, and toxicity profiles, as well as their impact on tumor hypoxia and associated pathways such as vascularization and glycolysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Recent findings demonstrate that various natural flavonoids effectively downregulate HIF-1α through distinct mechanisms. These compounds exhibit significant anti-cancer properties while maintaining low toxicity, making them viable candidates for further development. Several studies have also highlighted the ability of flavonoids to influence tumor vascularization and glycolytic pathways, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review in order to increase bioavailability , solubility and to better understand the impact of anticancer flavonoids on HIF-1 alpha, amino acids or amino groups were added to the flavonoid structure. understanding the effect of anticancer flavonoids on HIF-1 α may be relevant in the development of novel compounds with increased anticancer activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting FLT3 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Role of Quizartinib in Precision Medicine.","authors":"Manoj Kumbhare, Siddhi Chandak, Bhagwan Ide, Aishwarya Dukare, Sakshi Velhal, Harshali Gode, Nishant Pagere, Arshad Shaikh","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy that disproportionately affects older individuals. Among the various genetic alterations, FLT3 internal tendem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations are present in approximately 20-30% of patients and are linked to rapid disease progression and frequent relapses. This review evaluates the role of quizartinib, a second-generation, highly selective FLT3 inhibitor, as a targeted therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory AML. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that quizartinib offers potent inhibition of FLT3 signaling, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and high bioavailability. Early-phase clinical trials reported promising remission rates in patients harboring FLT3-ITD mutations, while phase III studies further substantiated its efficacy by showing improved overall survival when used alone or alongside standard chemotherapy. Despite these advances, quizartinib's clinical use is limited by challenges such as acquired resistance, off-target effects-including QT interval prolongation-and complex drug-drug interactions. Ongoing research is focused on elucidating resistance mechanisms and developing effective combination regimens to optimize its therapeutic potential. Overall, quizartinib represents a significant breakthrough in precision medicine for AML, offering a promising avenue to improve patient outcomes in this challenging disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Applications of Nanogel-Based Topical Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Manoj Kumbhare, Prajakta Shinde, Dhanashree Mohite, Vaishnavi Rokade, Siddhi Chandak, Aishwarya Dukare","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nanogels (NGs) represent a new generation of nanoscale hydrogel particles with immense biomedical applications, especially drug delivery System (DDS). Nanogels (NGs) are soft and water-retentive materials that deliver drugs in controlled and sustained release while maintaining high biocompatibility and biodegradability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review paper primarily focuses on the applications, mechanism, therapies. The capability to react with environmental signals, such as pH, temperature, or enzymatic activity, makes nanogels a promising platform for targeted therapy. Polysaccharide-based nanogels increase biocompatibility and reduce toxicity, allowing for extended therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This reviews the structural properties, drug release mechanisms, and newer developments in nanogel formulations. It also presents the future outlook for nanogels in precision medicine, highlighting their potential in transcending pharmacological obstacles towards enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic efficacies in various branches of medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By overcoming existing drawbacks, nanogels have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery and therapeutic interventions in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Alpelisib in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Siddhi M Chandak, Manoj R Kumbhare, Vrushali P Patole","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpelisib is a cancer therapy drug that has shown significant promise in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics indicate that it is absorbed better orally and has a prolong half-life, allowing for once-every day dosing. Currently, its mechanism of action is established to be the suppression of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), which is the pivotal enzyme of PI3K pathway, which is abnomal in most cancers. The chemistry of alpelisib involves its selective inhibition of PI3K, targeting specifically HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer with PIK3CA mutations. The common side effects associated with alpelisib include fever, peripheral edema, fatigue, headache, skin rash, alopecia, pruritis, hyperglycemia, increased gamma-glutamyl transferase, decreased serum calcium, weight loss, diarrhea, nausea, increased serum lipase, decreased appetite, stomatitis, vomiting, dysgeusia, lymphocytopenia, prolonged PTT, and increased serum creatinine. The use of alpelisib in cancer therapy is being extensively studied through various clinical trials, aiming to determine the optimal patient populations for treatment and explore alternative tumor indications and drug combine regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini-review on Immunoblotting Technique in Vaccine Development: Current Innovations.","authors":"Roshan Kumar Dubey","doi":"10.62958/j.cjap.2025.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62958/j.cjap.2025.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoblotting, commonly known as Western blotting, remains a pivotal technique in the identification and quantification of specific proteins, offering critical insights into antigen-antibody interactions essential for vaccine development. This mini-review highlights the evolving role of immunoblotting in modern vaccinology, focusing on its application in evaluating immune responses, verifying antigen expression, and screening candidate vaccine components. Current innovations, including enhanced detection systems, high-throughput formats, and integration with proteomics, have significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of this method. Moreover, advancements in automation and data analysis are streamlining workflows, enabling faster and more reliable vaccine research. This review underscores the continued relevance of immunoblotting in the post-genomic era, particularly as new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA and vector-based vaccines, demand precise immunological validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23985,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"e20250004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}