Volume 8B: Energy最新文献

{"title":"Design and Energy Flow Management of Hybrid Renewable Energy System","authors":"R. Amini, A. Davani, Mohammad Pourgol Mohamad","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70763","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wind and solar energies are promising renewable energy technologies, in which hybrid renewable energy systems are gained much attention in remote area locations. The present study proposes the design and energy flow management of stand-alone hybrid wind and solar energy systems. Fuel cells and batteries are used as backup resources, so it ensures the load is unceasingly provided. An electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen from excess energy requirements. First, Mathematical modeling of hybrid system components, including photovoltaics, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries, and electrolyzers, is provided. Hence, we have developed a novel energy flow management algorithm, which intelligently controls the energy flow management system using a fuzzy logic control system. We have compared the performance of the novel energy management system with the conventional approach. Our novel approach will prevent these systems from being hit, and system upgrades will be enhanced during startup. In the conventional power management system, the voltage overshoot of the on-off controller is 425 V. At the same time, the fuzzy logic control reaches 405 V. The controller’s on-off time is 31.1 seconds, but this is 0.041 for the fuzzy logic controller, which is much more stable.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable Energy Production by Solar Chimney: The Influence of Curved Guide Vanes on the Performance of a Solar Chimney Using CFD Simulation","authors":"Haokun Xue, M. Esmaeilpour","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71491","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effect of guide vanes on power output of turbine installed in a solar chimney. A full scale three-dimensional CFD simulation of solar chimney power plant based on Manzanares prototype is performed to simulate the air flow inside the solar chimney. First, the flow field is simulated in presence of guide vanes with no turbine inside the chimney. Three guide vanes with different tip angles of 30°, 60° and 90° are considered. It is observed that the presence of guide vanes significantly affects the flow direction and the heat stored inside the blade chamber. Moreover, the change in output power of solar chimney under different turbine rotational velocities and different guide vanes is studied. A twelve-blade turbine is placed right above the exit of the guide vanes at the start of chimney. Various cases including three angles, 30°, 60°, and 90° guide vanes, and three rotational velocities, 40, 80, and 120 rpm are run to find output power. The Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) method is used to treat the rotation of the turbine. The analysis of power output of the turbine shows that the maximum power of 82.2 kW is reached by the case of 30° guide vane at 80 rpm. Comparing to the power of the 90° guide vane at the same rotational velocity, which is 66.3 kW, the increase is about 23.9%.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128579611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Fault Detection and Diagnosis Studies on Residential HVAC Systems","authors":"K. Ejenakevwe, Li Song","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72745","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control and energy usage management has been identified as a promising way of improving building energy efficiency and thus contributing to solving the energy challenges of the world. However, a critical aspect of reducing HVAC energy usage is fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Several studies have been conducted on FDD in HVAC systems with less focus on residential HVAC systems. One reason identified for this reduced attention with residential HVAC is that state-of-the-art FDD tools greatly depend on data available through the building automation system (BAS), and this detailed data is not typically available in the residential sector. Meanwhile, using sensors for developing FDD-enabled HVAC systems is not cost-efficient due to the cost associated with required sensors compared to the energy savings realized, thus making residential FDD less attractive. However, studies have shown that faults cause an additional 20.7TWh of energy consumption from residential HVACs across the US, annually. Thus, this paper gives a critical review of various studies that have been done on FDD in residential HVAC systems and proposes a data analytical approach, which if actualized, could reduce the sensor requirements for FDD in residential HVAC, thus addressing the cost barrier.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127301109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Within Existing USACE Facilities: a Methodological Approach","authors":"Kyle J. Kass, F. T. Davidson","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69416","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Variable, renewable energy (VRE) generation such as solar power has seen a rapid increase in usage over the past decades. These power generation sources offer benefits due to their low marginal costs and reduced emissions. However, VRE assets are not dispatchable, which can result in a mismatch of the electric supply and demand curves. Pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) seeks to solve this by pumping water uphill during times of excess energy production and releasing the water back downhill through turbines during energy shortages, thus serving as a rechargeable battery. Creating new PSH systems, however, requires a large amount of capital and suitable locations. The United States Army Corps. of Engineers (USACE) is the largest producer of hydroelectric power within the United States, and as such, may have favorable sites for the addition of PSH. This study seeks to develop a method for evaluating these existing hydroelectric facilities using techno-economic methods to assess the potential for adding PSH. Each USACE facility was evaluated based on site specific characteristics from previously unpublished data to estimate the power generation and energy storage potential. The temporal nature of local wholesale electricity prices was accounted for to help estimate the financial feasibility of varying locations. Sensitivity analysis was performed to highlight how the method would identify the viability of facilities with different operational conditions. The methodologies detailed in this study will inform decision-making processes, and help enable a sustainable electric grid.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Equation of State and Thermodynamic Maps for Cryogenic Helium 4","authors":"George-Rafael Domenikos, E. Rogdakis, I. Koronaki","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70257","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On this paper the authors present a unified EOS for Helium 4 below its liquidation and towards absolute zero. While such EOS’s exist in the literature, they are divided to different region depending on temperatures and pressures, but in this work an overall equation has been created using all the available data and different methods. Thus, the provided equations offer a solid point of reference for any cryogenic engineering applications as they cover to a very high accuracy all the known data and combine them in a ready to use form for any application. Additionally, because of the availability and continuity of the equations covering the entire Fluid, Superfluid and Lambda spectrum thermodynamic maps can now be created for both Helium 4, giving the tools to directly study thermodynamic cycles on maps as done in higher temperatures. The equations that describe the thermodynamic characteristics are offered in two different forms, one of high accuracy with large number of terms, and one with lesser but adequate accuracy with less terms to be used for quicker calculations. Overall, this set of equations can be used to describe the working medium in any cryogenic application using Helium 4 without the need to differentiate one’s models and equations depending on the temperature and pressure regions, meaning that the same model can be used to describe even different phases of Helium 4 in the same application.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134414322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Performance Analysis of Multi-Layer Thermal Energy Storage Tank Using Different Phase Change Materials","authors":"Md. Ali Azam, Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72672","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A thermocline thermal energy storage (TES) tank is the key element of storing thermal energy for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. This paper focuses on the numerical analysis of the single-phase thermal energy storage (TES) and the two-phase latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) for single-layered and multi-layered phase change materials (MLPCMs) using molten salt, FLiNaK, a eutectic mixture of 46.5%LiF, 11.5%NaF, and 42% KF as the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer module for the computational domain is analyzed using the Dispersion-Concentric model which is based on energy equations and is solved by the finite element method. The results of the TES were compared with that of an existing numerical study in the literature, and they were found to be reasonably in agreement. The high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity offered to the LHTES by the PCMs result in the best charging and discharging thermal cycle. The study helps us to understand the thermal behavior of temperature inside the tank for different PCMs and from the comparative thermal analysis of the study, it is possible to choose the best PCM among the alternatives.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125117549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Performance Study of Diesel-Fueled SOFC Power Generation System","authors":"Heng Wang, Hongbin Zhao","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the diesel-fueled CLHG-SOFC system is proposed, which can separate CO2 without energy consumption while achieving efficient power, and only H2 enters the anode, which can effectively avoid the problem of carbon deposition. Meanwhile, the SOFC system of diesel autothermal reforming and steam reforming is also established. Under the condition of ensuring the same input parameters of the three systems, the variable working condition analysis and exergy analysis are carried out, and the curves of the performance parameters of the three systems with the change of fuel flow and the exergy destruction diagram of each component are obtained. In addition, the results of the three systems are compared. The results show that although the power of diesel steam reforming SOFC is the highest, the total power efficiency of the system is not the highest because it needs electric heating. Diesel autothermal reforming SOFC has the highest total power efficiency and exergy efficiency. CLHG-SOFC system has the lowest efficiency, but it can recover CO2 and avoid carbon deposition in SOFC, which is not available in the other two systems. The research results not only provide theoretical basis and scientific support for the design of SOFC power generation system based on diesel fuel, but also provide a new scheme for energy saving optimization of power generation system.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128925696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave Energy Converter Design as a Point Absorber to Generate 1 kW in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"A. E. Herrera, Pascual H. Adriazola, Héctor J. Bravo","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73377","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electric energy is a resource that allows social development and the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants in the cove “La ballenita”, Mollendo, coast of Arequipa, Peru, where the electrical energy of the main network is not available.\u0000 The energy demand is approximately 1 kWh, which will allow provide enough energy to improve the quality of life, as well as the use of communications and food preservation. The use of supplementary energy sources such as a conventional generator set is economically and environmentally unfeasible at the site. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate that this problem can be solved by taking advantage of the geographical conditions. Since the area in question is near the ocean where maritime conditions would allow to solve this problem using a wave energy converter designed with the Water Energy Column method.\u0000 Wave energy is a viable alternative, with an initial investment you will have access to almost free and self-sustainable energy sufficient for the required needs, to achieve this it must be proven that the maritime conditions are adequate. Wave energy represents 295,000 TWh worldwide, but it has been poorly developed.\u0000 The first stage of the research was to demonstrate that the tidal conditions are suitable for power generation, the marine weather forecast system based on BUOYWEATHER points (data which covers a large geographic area) was used to validate the information obtained from records of the area where a measuring equipment was designed and manufactured.\u0000 This measurement prototype was designed and built to measure the wave variables that would be the basis of the Water Energy Column method. Data from 2018 were used for the study, which allowed to determine the critical wave which is the basis of calculation in the Water Energy Column method.\u0000 The measurement results showed that it is possible to generate electrical energy using wave energy in the study area by the Water Energy Column method. The nominal power of the design is more than 1 kW, the capacity factor of the system obtained is 15.67% and the LCOE (levelized cost of energy) is $ 0.11 / kWh, which means a feasible price in the electricity market. This cost represents the investment and low maintenance of operation. According to the CONESA impact method this value for the study is 25, which suggests a low environmental impact with some additional recommendations.\u0000 The contribution of the research would allow reducing the growth of hydrocarbon consumption which represents 78.3% of energy use worldwide and is a fundamental cause of the planet’s environmental problems and prove that the development of techniques for the use of energy is an alternative necessary.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Distillation Systems Enriched With Machine Learning Techniques: A Review","authors":"Y. S. Prasanna, S. Deshmukh","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71174","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Solar stills have the advantage of using solar radiation as they are the simple thermal energy source for saline water and industrial water desalination. This paper focuses on a detailed review of how a solar distillation system performance evaluation can be made with ongoing higher-end Machine learning techniques explicitly helpful in optimising and evaluating the still performance. Complete research on the implementation of ML models is made in this study to draw the feasibility of implementing the appropriate supervised or unsupervised machine learning methods. A comparison of the two of deep learning models applied in the advancement of the solar distillation process is explained in this study. The need for performance assessment of solar distillation system with Machine Learning Techniques is analyzed, and further significant features and components of ML and DL Methods are clearly explained. Keeping the importance of the study in front, a comparative analysis is made from the observations found in the literature review. We conclude that the Classification ML Techniques with ANN are the most appropriate models to predict the solar distillate while the ANN-MLP, ANN-FF models are more accurate than the other models. Instead of a traditional statistical approach, a DNN Hybrid model with more hidden layers can be used in optimising the water depth.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114197924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tritium Absorption on Carbon Nanostructures","authors":"B. Atchley, E. Wu, Jungkyu Park, E. Farfán","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70538","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present research study, we utilize a molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the possibility of using multiple graphene sheets for tritium control. The graphene sheets are equilibrated to temperatures of 10k, 100k, 300k, 600k, 900k, or 1200k in a simulation. After equilibration, the tritium atoms are made to travel toward the graphene sheet with uniform velocity. The velocities of tritium atoms are selected so that incident energies may be 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, or 500 eV. Reflection is shown to be the dominant interaction at low tritium incident energy, with a sharp decline in reflection rates as energy increases. For the case of a single layer of graphene, reflection rates reach a minimum around 5eV and steadily climbs as energy is increased to 10eV. Absorption rates are shown to increase with increasing tritium energy until energies are very high, around 5 eV. After 5 eV, absorption rates decrease as incident energy increases. Penetration rates of incident tritium atoms remain low until 5 eV, after which the rates increase steadily. Higher graphene equilibration temperatures yield higher absorption rates at low incident energies but lead to lower absorption rates at high incident energies. At low incident energies, reflection is favored more at lower temperatures, while graphene temperatures do not seem to affect reflection rates much at high incident energies. Lastly, penetration rates are consistently higher at higher graphene temperatures. The larger amount of energy present in the structure at higher temperatures allows for the C-C bonds in graphene to be more readily broken. The results obtained in this research study will be used to develop novel nanomaterials that can be employed for tritium control.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114708409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}