Volume 8B: Energy最新文献

Studying the Superfluid Transformation in Helium 4 Through the Partition Function and Entropic Behavior 用配分函数和熵行为研究氦4的超流体变换

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-70225

George-Rafael Domenikos, E. Rogdakis, I. Koronaki

{"title":"Studying the Superfluid Transformation in Helium 4 Through the Partition Function and Entropic Behavior","authors":"George-Rafael Domenikos, E. Rogdakis, I. Koronaki","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On this paper the authors study the behavior of Superfluid Helium 4 near and below the Lambda line deriving its partition function. The partition function is split into an interacting and a non-interacting/ideal part. Hence, the models about the Bose-Einstein Condensation of an ideal Bose-Gas are applied to the non-interacting/ideal part and then the results compared to the full superfluid, described by the quasiparticle approach. The transition from the Bose-Einstein to the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics in the non-interacting part is exhibited extremely near the lambda transition of the actual superfluid Helium, hinting the effect of superfluidity in the ideal part of the system. Thus, the complete statistical model is now designed and calibrated by the known experimental data for its interacting part. With this model, since it is a theoretical method based on the partition function and entropy, not on the energy values of the quasiparticles, there is no theoretical limit to the lowest temperatures it can possibly describe. This entropic approach when extended well below the lambda-line, going near absolute zero, predicts the existence of an interatomic potential even at absolute zero, something that has been known to be the case for superfluid Helium. Overall, it seems that by the calculation of the authors the behaviors of superfluidity can also be observed and derived by studying the macroscopic variables, being the partition function and entropy in this way, thus offering a view of the superfluidity of the system through a different more macroscopical scope.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126645040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Thermophysical Properties of U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel U-10Mo单体燃料的热物理性质

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-67985

H. Ozaltun

{"title":"Thermophysical Properties of U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel","authors":"H. Ozaltun","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67985","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Monolithic fuel is a candidate fuel form that is being considered for the conversion of high-performance research reactors. This plate-type fuel consists of a high-density, U-Mo fuel in a monolithic form that is sandwiched between zirconium diffusion barriers and encapsulated in an aluminum cladding. To date, many plates were irradiated with a satisfactory irradiation performance, demonstrating that the conceptual design works. The program is now moving to the qualification phase, a predecessor to the timely conversion of the target reactors. To qualify this fuel system, the program must show that the fuel plates have predictable behavior, meet the safety standards, and perform well in reactors. The requirement of a satisfactory irradiation performance under normal operating conditions is primarily demonstrated by a successful testing. To demonstrate that the fuel system has a predictable behavior, the several key material properties should be quantified accurately since these properties are needed to estimate the thermal and mechanical behavior of the fuel system. Although, there is a large set of thermophysical property data available for unirradiated material, the property data for irradiated fuel is scarce. Since irradiation causes drastic effects in material, a significant change in material properties occurs. Consequently, using representative degradation models becomes essential for accurate performance assessments. This work examines thermal conductivity of U-10Mo, by evaluating recent experimental data from the literature and available theoretical models. The study has discovered inconsistencies in the literature data, revealing that previously developed theoretical models fail to predict the thermal conductivity of irradiated fuel.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126834013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Multi-Stage Approach 风电场布局优化:多阶段方法

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71892

Puyi Yang, H. Najafi

{"title":"Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Multi-Stage Approach","authors":"Puyi Yang, H. Najafi","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71892","url":null,"abstract":"The Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) problem is a complex and non-convex optimization problem. Even though a lot of heuristic algorithms and mathematical programming methods have been tested and discussed, there is not a consensus about which algorithm is the most suitable one to solve the WFLO problems. Every algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages on solving different problems, thus the multi-stage approaches have been picked up. One multi-stage approach applied in solving WFLO problems is to apply an algorithm in stage 1 to capture a coarse, initial optimized layout and import it to stage 2 as an initial condition for another algorithm for further refinement. This paper compared two types of multi-stage methods: The Heuristic-Gradient-based (H-G) model which consists of a heuristic algorithm in stage 1 and a gradient-based algorithm in stage 2; The Discrete-Continuous (D-C) model which consists of a heuristic algorithm in discrete scheme in stage 1 and an algorithm in continuous scheme in stage 2. Annual Energy Production (AEP) is used as the objective function while the computational time associated with each approach is documented. The results illustrate most of the multistage models can improve the optimization procedure both in terms of AEP and computational time. Overall, it is found that the D-C approach is better than the H-G approach. Particularly, the combination of Greedy+Random Search provides the highest AEP and the combination of Greedy and SLSQP provides the lowest computational time.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114582916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Performance of a Helical Steel Energy Pile Incorporating Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Ground Source Heat Pump Applications 结合潜热蓄能的螺旋钢能量桩用于地源热泵的热性能研究

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71671

A. Mwesigye, Ethan Shingledecker, Andrew Walz, S. Dworkin

{"title":"Thermal Performance of a Helical Steel Energy Pile Incorporating Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Ground Source Heat Pump Applications","authors":"A. Mwesigye, Ethan Shingledecker, Andrew Walz, S. Dworkin","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71671","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) have the potential to meet building space heating and cooling needs with significantly higher efficiencies. Using the relatively stable deep ground temperatures, GSHPs can reach efficiencies between 400–600% compared to 90% with advanced gas boilers. However, despite these high efficiencies, GSHPs are not widely used, mainly due to the associated high up-front costs. In addition, ground thermal imbalance when heating and cooling loads vary reduces GSHP performance and might result in eventual failure. Coupling ground heat exchangers with building foundations, an already existing structural element of the building, has potential to improve the cost competitiveness of GSHPs. In this study, the performance of a helical steel pile used as a ground heat exchanger for GSHPs is numerically investigated. A pile of 0.1298 m diameter and 20 m depth was considered in the analysis. Furthermore, the potential for improved performance using latent thermal energy storage with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. An organic PCM with a melting temperature of 6.5–8.5°C and a latent heat of 190 kJ/kg was used. A thoroughly validated numerical model of the helical steel pile was developed using a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics tool. With the use of PCM, considerable improvement in performance with an over 57% increase in the heat transfer rate per unit meter of the heat exchanger was achieved.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Thermal Expansion Coefficient, Viscosity and Melting Range in Simulation of PCM Embedded Heat Exchangers With and Without Fins 热膨胀系数、粘度和熔化范围对有翅片和无翅片PCM嵌入式换热器模拟的影响

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-70401

T. Alam, D. Bacellar, Jiazhen Ling, V. Aute

{"title":"Effect of Thermal Expansion Coefficient, Viscosity and Melting Range in Simulation of PCM Embedded Heat Exchangers With and Without Fins","authors":"T. Alam, D. Bacellar, Jiazhen Ling, V. Aute","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70401","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phase change material heat exchangers (PCMHX) have animportant role in integrating renewable energy systems. PCMHX can offer high storage density at various temperatures of interest and can be used for grid load shifting purposes. Numerical models enable engineers to estimate PCMHX performance for different design parameters and operating conditions. Modeling phase change phenomena is challenging due to the complex time-dependent nature of the process. The accuracy of models is highly sensitive to PCM thermo-physical properties. Thermal expansion coefficient (β), viscosity (μ) and melting temperature range (MR) of a PCM are important properties, especially when natural convection is not negligible. In PCMHX modeling, using less than accurate values for these properties can have significant impact on the simulation outcomes. These propertiesand discussions thereof are not readily available in the literature. This paper presents a brief review of the literature and a numerical study investigating the model sensitivity to the above-mentioned properties for PCMHX with and without fins. CFD is used to evaluate the charging (melting) phenomena. The study quantifies the impact of uncertainty in these properties on the melting rate and temperature profile. Constant wall temperature was consideredas heat source with no heat loss to ambient. The results show that β and μ has significant effect on the melting rate andevolution of the melting front. For a non-finned domain when comparing results for different published values of β and μ, the deviation in melting time can be up to 12.9% and 57.6% respectively. For high wall temperatures, change in melting range did not impact melting time. But when the wall temperature is reduced, up to 9.8% deviation in melting time is observed.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124037500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of the Leading-Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades by Sand Particles Impingement 沙粒撞击对风力机叶片前缘侵蚀的影响

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71685

A. Alajmi, M. Ramulu

{"title":"Characterization of the Leading-Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades by Sand Particles Impingement","authors":"A. Alajmi, M. Ramulu","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71685","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Solid particle erosion experiments have been conducted on the leading-edge of a wind turbine blade with silica sand as the abrasive material. Two variables have been investigated in this experiment: the angle of attack at which particles impact the leading-edge and the erosion duration. For the angle of attack, four angles of attack have been used, namely: −5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°, and for erosion duration, 180 seconds and 360 seconds were used. Two parameters have been used to analyze the erosion behavior: the amount of material removed and the erosion scars’ depth. Then, to record the change in the airfoil profile, a 3-D scanner was used before and after the erosion experiments. It has been found that, on average, the highest erosion rate and depth of erosion scars occurred at 0°, which resulted in the most alteration in the 2D profile of the airfoil, while the least damage observed was caused by 10° angle of attack. The erosion scars created by the four angles of attack were superposed to create an erosion scar similar to that created by sandstorms, extrapolated along the blade, and the total mass loss was calculated. Then, a model to estimate the amount of material removed from the leading edge of wind turbine blades using the depth of erosion scars was proposed. Finally, a preliminary aerodynamic analysis has been conducted in terms of lift and drag coefficients before and after erosion. It has been found that with the increase of intensity in erosion, the change in the aerodynamic performance increases.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125621933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Mathematical Model to Predict Alkaline Electrolyzer Performance Based on Basic Physical Principles and Previous Models Reported in Literature 基于基本物理原理和先前文献报道的模型预测碱性电解槽性能的数学模型

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-68815

Antonios Antoniou, Cesar Celis, A. Berastain

{"title":"A Mathematical Model to Predict Alkaline Electrolyzer Performance Based on Basic Physical Principles and Previous Models Reported in Literature","authors":"Antonios Antoniou, Cesar Celis, A. Berastain","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-68815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68815","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen production through electrolysis is an important research topic since the use of hydrogen as a fuel has the potential to significantly reduce gaseous emissions in near future. The electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen can be carried out using for instance electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as solar radiation. Electrolysis processes occurring in electrolyzer cells are complex phenomena and a clear and accurate mathematical representation of the referred processes is vital to accurate predict electrolyzer cells performance. So a comprehensive mathematical model capable of properly describing alkaline electrolyzer cells performance, in terms of efficiency and hydrogen production rate, is proposed in this work. The mathematical model is based on several physical concepts such as energy losses due to electron and ion transfer, entropy increase, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolyzer physical structure and construction material. Compared to existing models, the new proposed one is more complete as it includes more operational parameters (six) affecting cells performance. Once developed, the proposed model has been fine-tuned using experimental data available in literature. The results obtained using the new developed model are in good agreement with Ulleberg’s experimental data. Based on the work carried out here, it is concluded that developing a mathematical model based on physical principles is crucial in the comprehension of electrolysis related processes and how to utilize them in the simplest and most reliable way.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132170639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Advanced Exergetic Analysis of Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit 原油蒸馏装置预热系高级火用分析

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-69268

J. Fajardo, Camilo Negrette, D. Yabrudy, Camilo Cardona

{"title":"Advanced Exergetic Analysis of Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit","authors":"J. Fajardo, Camilo Negrette, D. Yabrudy, Camilo Cardona","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69268","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this investigation, the conventional and advanced exergy analysis is used to obtain information about the conditions of the heat exchangers belonging to a crude oil distillation unit, previously to future studies to establish the most cost-efficient moments for the execution of maintenance activities in the exchangers. Conventional, unavoidable, avoidable, endogenous, and exogenous exergy destruction is calculated and the combinations between these last four terms. Mexogenous analysis is applied to individualize the relationships between the exchangers of the network. The results put the total exergy destruction at over 61.6 MW, being 63% avoidable. Five heat exchangers are considered critical because they concentrate the highest rates of exergy destruction, corresponding to 39% of the total exergy destruction in the network, this categorization allows focusing the improvement works on heat exchangers that will produce a substantial increase in the efficiency of the preheat train. Additionally, to evaluate the performance in a better way, the effect of unavoidable exergy destruction on performance measurement of exchangers through the exergy efficiency is studied, indicating that in some cases removing the unavoidable part can increase the second law efficiency by more than fifteen percentage points.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131313890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IMECE2021 Front Matter IMECE2021前沿问题

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-fm8b

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Implementation of Distributed Ledger Technology for the Licensing and Regulation of Nuclear Power Plants 评估分布式账本技术在核电厂许可和监管中的应用

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71730

P. Pandit, Alp Tezbaşaran, Arjun Earthperson, M. Diaconeasa

{"title":"Evaluating the Implementation of Distributed Ledger Technology for the Licensing and Regulation of Nuclear Power Plants","authors":"P. Pandit, Alp Tezbaşaran, Arjun Earthperson, M. Diaconeasa","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71730","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The approval process from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for nuclear power plants is sequential. It involves several government bodies such as the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS), public meetings, and hearings. If the submissions made to the NRC do not contain enough information to meet the regulation requirements, the NRC issues a Request for Additional Information (RAI). Thus, the licensee has to go through a paperwork-intensive process that involves multiple regulatory agencies for the various licensing requirements. Moreover, sending applications to the NRC is limited to using an electronic submission generation tool called the Packing Slip Wizard (PSW).\u0000 This paper presents a methodology to implement Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to address the need for a real-time, digitized documentation platform in the nuclear power industry’s licensing and regulation process.\u0000 The evaluation of DLT’s implementation resulted in the formulation of a methodology to accept submissions from an applicant on a web application and storing the received data on a distributed ledger. The presented method offers a real-time submission of the available information of an application. It facilitates the NRC with a real-time feedback capability expediting the review process. RAI’s can be reduced in number by ensuring that the NRC’s information requirements are defined as smart contracts.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117307860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0