Volume 8B: Energy最新文献_第2页

A Review of Graphite Properties Relevant to Micro-Reactor Design 与微反应器设计相关的石墨特性研究进展

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71879

H. Ozaltun, Diana Liepinya, V. Avincola

{"title":"A Review of Graphite Properties Relevant to Micro-Reactor Design","authors":"H. Ozaltun, Diana Liepinya, V. Avincola","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71879","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Micro-reactors are advanced reactors that are designed to be small, scalable, and portable with up to 20 MW power. These reactors could operate independently, or as part of a microgrid, without need of frequent refueling. Micro-reactors are designed to be deployable to provide electric power in remote locations, therefore providing greater flexibility in energy distribution and access.\u0000 Several micro-reactors are under development in the US. These reactors are based on advanced gas-cooled or heat-pipe concepts. While graphite can be found in various applications, some high-temperature reactors plan to employ graphite in their core components due to its role as a moderator and its ability to maintain its structural integrity when subjected to elevated temperatures and high neutron fluence. Although there is significant experience with use of graphite in nuclear applications, there are still unknowns that should be addressed. Graphite properties depend on the graphite type and are affected by the fabrication procedures. Material properties are functions of the temperature and radiation dose and are often affected by the oxidation environment. Therefore, in-depth understanding of graphite properties, including the effect of irradiation, oxidation, and other influencing parameters are required to evaluate the design accurately.\u0000 This paper aims to provide a review of material properties for graphite relevant to micro-reactor design. For this work, two distinct grades of graphite were considered, namely IG-110 and Mersen-2114. Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties for these grades were comparatively evaluated. The properties that are discussed in this draft aim to serve as a basis for design and safety analysis.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129845671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Functional Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Buildings Applications 新型建筑功能储热材料

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-73862

S. Cui, M. Hicks, P. Kolari, S. Kaur, J. Vidal, R. Jackson

{"title":"Novel Functional Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Buildings Applications","authors":"S. Cui, M. Hicks, P. Kolari, S. Kaur, J. Vidal, R. Jackson","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73862","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The leakage of solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) tremendously limits their long-term application in thermal energy storage (TES). In this work, we present durable and form-stable shape-stabilized PCMs (ss-PCMs) for TES in building envelopes. These ss-PCMs are fabricated by encapsulating polyethylene glycol (PEG) consisting of different molecular weights within mesoporous magnesium oxide and silica dioxide. For the first time, the phase transition temperature (Tt) of ss-PCMs has been fine-tuned synthetically to be comfortable to building occupants by utilizing PEG blends with molecular weights of 600 and 800 g/mol. Several parameters, including surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface area, and PCM loading percentage, have been studied to maximize the latent heat enthalpy for high energy efficiency and maintain form stability. The best ss-PCM candidate with suitable Tt and appreciable latent heat enthalpy exhibits a repeatable phase change behavior for up to 1,000 thermal cycles without leakage, which provides a promising solution for durable TES in buildings. The Tt tunability extends its application over a wider temperature range beyond buildings.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128524940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind Energy Resource Assessment for Suva, Fiji and Design of a 30 kW Wind Turbine 斐济苏瓦风能资源评估及30千瓦风力发电机设计

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-73401

Krishneel A. Singh, S. S. Kutty, M. G. M. Khan, M. R. Ahmed

{"title":"Wind Energy Resource Assessment for Suva, Fiji and Design of a 30 kW Wind Turbine","authors":"Krishneel A. Singh, S. S. Kutty, M. G. M. Khan, M. R. Ahmed","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73401","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fiji needs to invest in renewable energy sources to meet its energy needs to reduce the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels. For investing in wind energy projects, a detailed assessment of wind energy resource is required. In this work, wind speeds were measured at 34 m and 20 m above ground level at a site in Suva for three years and the daily, monthly, yearly and seasonal averages were estimated. Average turbulence intensities at the two heights were also estimated. The Weibull parameters, average wind speed and the wind power density were estimated by using eleven frequentist methods and a Bayesian technique. These twelve methods were compared against each other for their performance using five goodness of fit test and error measures. The best method was found to be the empirical method of Lysen (EML) which gave a mean wind speed of 5.04 m/s and a wind power density (WPD) of 147.79 W/m2. A horizontal axis wind turbine of 30 kW capacity was designed and optimized using Harp_Opt software which works on a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The blade sections (airfoils) were designed using an in-house multi-objective genetic algorithm code by mathematically parametrized 7th order Bezier curve coupled with XFOIL software. The lift and drag coefficients were interpolated using AirfoilPrep to get the data in the required format as needed by the Harp_Opt GUI. The Weibull parameters from the statistical analysis of the measured data were used to optimize the performance characteristics of the wind turbine. The output power curve shows a cut-in speed of about 2 m/s and a rated wind speed of 10 m/s. The AEP was optimized from around 47.3 MWhr/year to 48.3 MWhr/year after 50th iteration of Harp_Opt.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129600233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Techno-Economics of Using Concentrate of Membrane Processes As a Low-Cost Thermal Energy Storage Medium 膜法浓缩物作为低成本储热介质的技术经济研究

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-73734

Brian C. Camey, J. Kiriakos, Gauri Mhamunkar, S. Delagah, A. Sharbat, Aaron H. Mandell, Reza Baghaei Lakeh

{"title":"Techno-Economics of Using Concentrate of Membrane Processes As a Low-Cost Thermal Energy Storage Medium","authors":"Brian C. Camey, J. Kiriakos, Gauri Mhamunkar, S. Delagah, A. Sharbat, Aaron H. Mandell, Reza Baghaei Lakeh","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73734","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Membrane processes are used for water treatment techniques to desalinate seawater and surface water into potable water. The undesired byproduct of these processes is a high concentrate salt. In this project, the repurposed concentrate salt was studied as a storage medium for grid-scale Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The Department of Energy’s (DOE) goal is to reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy of TES for concentrated solar power to be under 15 $/kWh by 2030. In this work, a techno-economic assessment was performed to estimate the cost of TES using concentrate salt. The total cost of TES was estimated by considering costs associated with transportation of brine, evaporation of remaining water, grinding the salt content, additives added, and containment costs while considering a positive financial gain from obtaining the concentrate from water treatment facilities. It was observed that the concentrate salt that went through solid to liquid phase change provides an increase in energy density and a reduction in TES cost. The results show a financial benefit using concentrate salt as a storage medium for heat making it a feasible material to meet the Sunshot Initiative goals for TES. Depending on the source of the brine, zero liquid discharge method, and operating temperature we can observe costs as low as (−$11.10), i.e., positive revenue. The occurrence of phase change within the operating temperature of the application significantly increases the energy storage density and reduces the cost of the TES which is seen in the results for the melting scenarios.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of Geometric Parameters on the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbine Using the Response Surface Methodology 用响应面法研究几何参数对Savonius风力机性能的影响

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-67485

Sebastián Torres, A. Marulanda, Miguel Montoya, Camilo Hernandez

{"title":"Influence of Geometric Parameters on the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbine Using the Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Sebastián Torres, A. Marulanda, Miguel Montoya, Camilo Hernandez","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67485","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rising concerns about climate change and the growth of energy consumption have led to the need to use technologies based on renewable sources. Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable technologies with an increasingly important role. Particularly Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (SVAWT) have several advantages for certain geographical conditions attracting designers to research them. The present study introduces the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as a tool for evaluating multiple SVAWT configurations and estimating the influence of rotor geometric parameters on SVAWT performance. For this purpose, CFD simulations are developed for different SVAWT configurations modeled parametrically through the rotor geometric parameters. The numerical solutions obtained are used to generate a Response Surface (RS). The RS is evaluated by finding satisfactory quality metrics. The influence of the geometric parameters is estimated using the selected RS. As a result, an experimental space is proposed where it is more likely to find the values in the geometric parameters that maximize the SVAWT performance. This research provides tools for large-scale evaluation of SVAWTs. Therefore, influence analysis of the parameters is carried out with fewer experiments. RSM and proposed experimental space serve as a base for future studies that optimize the SVAWT configuration.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122587155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Power Output of a Wave Energy Converter by Employing Superposed Hydrodynamic Model 用叠加水动力模型优化波浪能转换器的输出功率

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-70980

Nandakumar Kathyayani, A. Samad

引用次数: 0

Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Ocean Wave 三维海浪的数值模拟

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71995

Liting Zhang, Xiuling Wang

引用次数: 0

Estimates of Area, Output and Levelized Energy Cost of Wind Energy Schemes in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯风能计划的面积、产量和平准化能源成本估算

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-68223

M. Abdulghani, A. Alabdulkarem

{"title":"Estimates of Area, Output and Levelized Energy Cost of Wind Energy Schemes in Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Abdulghani, A. Alabdulkarem","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-68223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Renewable energy is experiencing a surge in the Middle East and North Africa. Investigations of the economic feasibility of utility level renewable energy projects are necessary for such projects to become part of the zeitgeist of power generation in the region and be viewed as a sustainable clean alternative. Saudi Arabia, with the advent of Vision 2030, has placed renewable energy as a key pillar of its energy policy with several renewable energy projects planned and commissioned in the past couple of years. Although Solar Energy seems like an obvious choice for Saudi Arabia, owing to its location and the amount of solar irradiance it experiences annually, there remain unanswered questions about this option’s viability. Several investigations into the financial efficacy of large-scale solar projects in the kingdom have raised concerns about their economic feasibility. Wind turbines have the potential of resolving the economic questions about renewable energy as a source of power for domestic consumption to cover the Kingdom’s growing energy demands. The power generation capacity of Saudi Arabia has grown exponentially due to several factors such as modernization and a population boom in the past five decades, thus necessitating finding clean energy alternatives. In this work, estimates of area, energy output, and levelized energy cost for a large, utility-scale, energy scheme is obtained using a RETScreen model, which is informed by up-to-date figures from the region. The levelized cost of energy, area required, and energy output of a wind power plant with a nameplate capacity — the full load of the power plant as intended — equivalent to the country’s peak load demand is estimated. The levelized energy cost resulting from the model is compared with the current unsubsidized costs of energy in the kingdom.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121678239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Study of an Electric Vehicle “Eolo” With a Mounted Aeolian Generator 安装风力发电机的电动汽车“Eolo”的性能研究

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-72201

Arturo Garcia, Sergio Reyes J., Xiuling Wang, Javier Roldán, Mauricio Olaya

引用次数: 0

Mass Transport and Thermal Stresses Evaluation of Micro Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells: A Numerical Study 微固体氧化物燃料电池的质量传递和热应力评估:数值研究

Volume 8B: Energy Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-72922

Sameer Osman, Mahmoud A. Ahmed

{"title":"Mass Transport and Thermal Stresses Evaluation of Micro Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells: A Numerical Study","authors":"Sameer Osman, Mahmoud A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72922","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are among the highest types of fuel cells in terms of efficiency, reaching as high as 65%. However, poor mechanical robustness and thermal cycling stability are the major disadvantages of these fuel cells due to high thermal stresses between layers. A new concept of a micro-monolithic ceramic cell was previously introduced that had extremely high power-densities (> 10 W/cm3) as well as high mechanical robustness and thermal cycling stability. In this study, a 3D comprehensive theoretical model is presented for ceramic fuel cells, which includes species, charge, momentum, and energy transport. Moreover, the bilinear elastoplastic material model is used to estimate thermal stresses in ceramics at high temperatures. This model is then used to simulate two new geometries for the cell and anode flow channels. Results indicate that circular anode channels are best in terms of thermal stresses, while being inferior in terms of electrochemical performance. A hexagonal cell with trapezoidal flow channels yielded the highest volumetric power density with an increase of 15% compared to the plain circular arrangement. On the other hand, circular sector flow channel increased the power density by only 9%. The increased current of the cell with the circular sectors and trapezoidal sections is due to the more efficient distribution of flow channel area such that the travel path for hydrogen gas is less restricted in terms of diffusion. As for the thermal stress, the newly introduced configurations increased the values of stress by 64% for the circular sector channels, compared to only 16% for the trapezoidal flow channels. This study is meant as an initial step in the optimization process for the microtubular SOFC with high volumetric power density, creating an opportunity for performance enhancement of this type of fuel cell.","PeriodicalId":238134,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8B: Energy","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122568974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0