Water Resources Research最新文献_第4页

Mixing‐Induced Mineral Precipitation in Porous Media: Front Development and Its Impact on Flow and Transport 多孔介质中混合诱导的矿物沉淀：锋面发育及其对流动和输运的影响

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039316

Anna Kottsova, Xiang‐Zhao Kong, Pacelli L. J. Zitha, Martin O. Saar, David F. Bruhn, Nils Knornschild, Julien M. Allaz, Corey Archer, Maren Brehme

{"title":"Mixing‐Induced Mineral Precipitation in Porous Media: Front Development and Its Impact on Flow and Transport","authors":"Anna Kottsova, Xiang‐Zhao Kong, Pacelli L. J. Zitha, Martin O. Saar, David F. Bruhn, Nils Knornschild, Julien M. Allaz, Corey Archer, Maren Brehme","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039316","url":null,"abstract":"Injectivity decline during brine reinjection poses a significant challenge in the geothermal industry, with reported cases of substantial injectivity reduction and in severe cases, complete well shutdown. Among the reasons behind these issues, chemical processes play a key role due to potential changes in the fluid properties throughout the operation cycle. When reinjected, the fluid with altered chemical composition mixes with in situ fluids, potentially triggering mineral precipitation, which can obstruct flow and reduce injectivity. To better characterize the mechanisms behind the mixing‐induced mineral precipitation processes, we performed a series of core‐flooding experiments combined with high‐resolution imaging techniques. Our study focuses on the direct visualization of barite precipitation fronts in Berea sandstone and characterizes their spatial and temporal evolution under varying flow conditions. Pressure response and time‐resolved 2D scanning were analyzed to capture real‐time changes in the system, whereas post‐experiment micro‐CT scanning, electron microprobe analysis, and mass spectrometry were employed to examine the morphology and distribution of the mineral deposits. Our results highlight the critical role of flow velocities on the kinetics of mixing‐induced precipitation and demonstrate how mineral accumulation may significantly reduce permeability. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of mineral precipitation in porous media, highlighting the impact of flow conditions on formation damage in geothermal systems.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow Kinematics in Three‐Dimensional Porous Media of Varying Pore Size Distribution Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 基于光滑颗粒流体力学的不同孔径分布的三维多孔介质的流动运动学

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1029/2025wr040413

Fan Chen, Junfeng Sun, Antoine Wautier, Mathieu Souzy

{"title":"Flow Kinematics in Three‐Dimensional Porous Media of Varying Pore Size Distribution Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics","authors":"Fan Chen, Junfeng Sun, Antoine Wautier, Mathieu Souzy","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040413","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pore size distribution on the flow kinematics and transport properties within a three‐dimensional porous medium is investigated through numerical simulations using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The method is first validated for a model porous medium within a monodisperse random spherical packing, for which the velocity distribution of the fluid flowing through the pores (i.e., the interstitial fluid velocity) and the dispersion process are found to be in both qualitative and quantitative agreement with previous experimental results. When varying the pore size distribution of the porous medium by using polydisperse beads (of different diameters), the interstitial fluid velocity distributions get narrower, and the streamlines' tortuosity decreases. This is interpreted as a result of the narrower pore size distribution reported for polydisperse microstructures. Although the dispersion process remains qualitatively the same among the investigated microstructures, with an initial ballistic trend followed by a transient seemingly anomalous regime and eventually a Fickian regime, the transverse dispersion process is found to be quantitatively reduced for polydisperse microstructure (i.e., with a narrower pore size distribution), consistently with the reported decrease in streamlines' tortuosity.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long‐Term Prediction Model for Erosion‐Deposition Topographic Evolution in the Sanmenxia‐To‐Xiaolangdi Reach of the Yellow River Based on Deep Learning 基于深度学习的黄河三门峡至小浪底河段侵蚀-沉积地形演变长期预测模型

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1029/2025wr040669

Xiaojuan Sun, Haojie Jin, Mingyu Gao, Shengde Yu, Jiayi Man, Qiting Zuo, Wei Zhang

{"title":"Long‐Term Prediction Model for Erosion‐Deposition Topographic Evolution in the Sanmenxia‐To‐Xiaolangdi Reach of the Yellow River Based on Deep Learning","authors":"Xiaojuan Sun, Haojie Jin, Mingyu Gao, Shengde Yu, Jiayi Man, Qiting Zuo, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040669","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs are essential for global water management and energy regulation, but sedimentation threatens their longevity. This study investigates a 130 km section of the Yellow River between the Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi dams, using deep learning to predict long‐term erosion and deposition patterns. From 2009 to 2023, we gathered water depth data from 56 sites (840 measurements) with unmanned survey boats and drone‐based LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), alongside flow and sediment records. After preprocessing, we evaluated three machine learning models: Convolutional Network for Multimodal Time Series (CNN‐MTS), Convolutional Transformer for Multimodal Time Series (CNN‐Transformer‐MTS), and Convolutional Bi‐LSTM for Multimodal Time Series (CNN‐BiLSTM‐MTS). The CNN‐BiLSTM‐MTS model excelled, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 17.84 m, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9916, and reducing errors by up to 26% compared to alternatives. Key drivers of sediment dynamics included sediment load, maximum sediment concentration, and maximum flow. Data from 2009 to 2023 showed elevation shifts from −0.21 m near the dam to +1.158 m at the reservoir's tail. Predictions for 2024 to 2050 suggest varied riverbed changes, with the Guxian Reservoir's operation in 2036 expanding elevation ranges from −0.625 to 0.875 m. These findings highlight deep learning's potential for efficient sediment management in reservoirs and offer insights for sustainable hydraulic engineering. However, uncertainties persist in scaling the model, improving data resolution, and coordinating across regions.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking Paired-Catchment Studies: Should We Be Replicating Our Controls? 重新思考配对集水区研究：我们应该复制我们的对照吗？

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038981

Steve Wondzell, Sherri Johnson, Gordon Grant, Don Henshaw, Adam Ward

{"title":"Rethinking Paired-Catchment Studies: Should We Be Replicating Our Controls?","authors":"Steve Wondzell, Sherri Johnson, Gordon Grant, Don Henshaw, Adam Ward","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038981","url":null,"abstract":"Paired-catchment studies are widely used to examine the effects of land management practices (“treatments”) on hydrologic processes. Catchments are matched and a pretreatment calibration regression is used to identify the hydrological relationship between the reference and treated catchments. This method assumes that the calibration regression represents the actual relationship between the catchments (assumption of representativeness) and that the relationship will remain stable over time (assumption of stability). Errors are assumed to be small and similar between reference and treated catchments. Thus, observed differences between the catchments following treatment are assumed to result from that treatment alone. However, calibration periods are often short and it is impossible to know if the calibration period is representative. Further, because the study is unreplicated, it is impossible to determine if stability is maintained. Consequently, it is difficult to determine a minimum detectable effect sizes (MDES) below which estimates of changes in streamflow are statistically uncertain. Here, we use bootstrapped sampling from reference-by-reference (RxR) comparisons in a paired-catchment study design to evaluate the MDES. We generate frequency distributions of the potential changes in flow—changes that cannot be caused by treatment effects. From these, we estimate bootstrapped ±95% confidence intervals encompassing the non-treatment effects which we use as the MDES. We apply this method to long-term paired-catchment studies and reexamine changes in both annual water yields and late summer low flows at the HJA Experimental Forest. This bootstrapping method is widely transferable to any long-term paired catchment study sites where multiple reference catchments exist.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially Compounding Drought-Flood Events Are Favored by Atmospheric Blocking Over Europe 欧洲上空的大气阻塞有利于在空间上复合旱涝事件

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039622

Manuela I. Brunner, Magdalena Mittermeier, Bailey Anderson, Dominik Büeler, Eduardo Muñoz-Castro

{"title":"Spatially Compounding Drought-Flood Events Are Favored by Atmospheric Blocking Over Europe","authors":"Manuela I. Brunner, Magdalena Mittermeier, Bailey Anderson, Dominik Büeler, Eduardo Muñoz-Castro","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039622","url":null,"abstract":"Droughts and floods can occur simultaneously at the continental scale, resulting in impacts from both excess and deficit of water at the same time. Such spatially compounding drought-flood events can result in contrasting water management challenges. Despite their relevance for insurance and management, we know little about their occurrence, seasonality, and large-scale atmospheric drivers. We address this research gap by studying spatially compounding drought-flood events using streamflow and precipitation observations in Europe. Our results show that these compounding events have a strong seasonality and occur most often during winter, spring, and in June, even though their meteorological counterpart, spatially compounding dry-wet extremes, mainly occur in summer. Each of these events has its own spatial footprint. These footprints can be categorized in four main clusters, with the flood part of the compounding extreme either occurring over Central Europe or the UK in summer or winter, Eastern Europe in spring, or Southern Europe in winter. Our analysis of the relationship between seven European weather regimes and spatially compounding drought-flood events shows that these events are mainly favored by different types of blocking regimes in winter, spring, and summer and by the Zonal Regime in winter and spring. These weather regimes are all related to stable high-pressure systems located over one part of Europe and cyclonic conditions at their edges over another part of Europe. We conclude that spatially compounding drought-flood events are favored by particular weather regimes, whose relative importance depends on the season and the location of the flood hotspot.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improved Physical Model for Open Channel Confluences: Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Field Observations 改进的明渠汇流物理模型：弥合实验室和实地观测之间的差距

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1029/2025wr040229

Keyu Li, Qingcheng Yu, Xudong Ma, Lu Wang, Ruihua Nie

{"title":"An Improved Physical Model for Open Channel Confluences: Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Field Observations","authors":"Keyu Li, Qingcheng Yu, Xudong Ma, Lu Wang, Ruihua Nie","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040229","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of research on hydro‐morphodynamic processes at open‐channel confluences, significant discrepancies persist between flume experiments and field observations. This study investigated the underlying causes by compiling and comparing geometric and hydraulic parameters from both natural confluences and laboratory setups. The analysis suggested that these discrepancies largely stem from unrealistic boundary conditions commonly used in experimental designs. To address this issue, this study developed an improved physical model of concordant confluences that more accurately replicated the morpho‐hydraulic characteristics of natural confluences. Key features included a smooth downstream junction, a large post‐confluence width‐to‐depth ratio, downstream channel widening, representative junction angle and discharge ratio. This experiment avoided the unrealistic large separation zone and scour holes near the downstream junction corner caused by sharp‐angled junction. Large Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy within the shear layer primarily drove scour hole formation, while streamwise‐oriented vortical cells offered additional contributions. In contrast, flow acceleration along the main channel promoted scour step development through low‐intensity sediment redistribution. This study presented a more realistic and representative physical model for simulating hydro‐morphodynamics at confluences with concordant beds and helped bridge the gap between laboratory findings and field‐scale dynamics.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incorporating Causality Into Deep Learning Architectures to Improve Flash Drought Forecasts 将因果关系纳入深度学习架构以改进闪电干旱预测

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039470

Sijie Tang, Shuo Wang, Jiping Jiang, Yi Zheng

{"title":"Incorporating Causality Into Deep Learning Architectures to Improve Flash Drought Forecasts","authors":"Sijie Tang, Shuo Wang, Jiping Jiang, Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039470","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture flash droughts present challenges to agriculture and ecosystems, leading to widespread socioeconomic impacts. Predicting and providing early warnings for these events remains difficult. We propose a novel deep learning framework, the ResAttCauRec model, which integrates an attention mechanism and additional causal information into a CNN‐LSTM (convolutional neural network with long short‐term memory) backbone to capture the dependence of soil moisture on spatial‐temporal meteorological variables. Our results demonstrate that the causality module acts as a regularization technique, enhancing model generalization and performance. This enables effective forecasts of flash droughts, achieving an F1 score of 0.41 compared to 0.06 for the baseline model. Model interpretation analysis reveals that the causality degree significantly improves predictive performance for key drivers including daily maximum temperature, evaporation, and surface pressure, alongside soil temperature and moisture. While normal droughts are influenced by long‐term temperature trends, flash droughts are more sensitive to rapid atmospheric changes. Our analysis also highlights a concerning trend of increasing drought complexity and intensification, complicating reliable predictions. This study offers valuable insights into flash drought onset mechanisms and advocates for enhanced predictive models that better support agricultural and ecological practices. Additionally, we introduce an effective approach to enhance data‐driven models by incorporating additional causal information, which not only facilitates forecast and interpretation of flash droughts but may also be extended to broader extreme weather events.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing Spatial Heterogeneity of Hydraulic Conductivity Using Borehole NMR in a Complex Groundwater Flow System 利用钻孔核磁共振表征复杂地下水流系统中导电性的空间异质性

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039717

Chenxi Wang, Colby M. Steelman, Walter A. Illman

{"title":"Characterizing Spatial Heterogeneity of Hydraulic Conductivity Using Borehole NMR in a Complex Groundwater Flow System","authors":"Chenxi Wang, Colby M. Steelman, Walter A. Illman","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039717","url":null,"abstract":"Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging can yield estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K) in unconsolidated sediments. Previous studies focused on establishing petrophysical models relating NMR responses to K and calibrating model constants for optimized K estimation. However, research has yet to explore the potential of NMR logging to derive spatial K distributions, which would enable its utilization in numerical groundwater flow and transport models. In this study, we construct various spatial K models based on NMR logging data. Characterization of spatial heterogeneity between NMR logs is explored using: (a) geostatistical interpolation approaches, including ordinary kriging and indicator kriging, (b) a zonation approach using clustering with spatial constraints for improved extraction of zone geometry, and (c) a hybrid model of multi-level spatial heterogeneity nesting a zonal representation with zonally kriged K. The representativeness of NMR-derived spatial K models is evaluated by reproducing a permeameter-based K profile at an unsampled location and by comparing the numerically simulated drawdown responses with field observations of ten pumping tests. Results reveal that the spatially associated zonation model can effectively represent the K patterns between boreholes. Incorporating intralayer heterogeneity further refines the characterization of K heterogeneity, achieving optimal drawdown predictions. More importantly, its drawdown prediction performance remains stable with a limited NMR data set. This study provides a framework for using high-resolution NMR-derived K profiles from multiple boreholes to characterize spatial heterogeneity at sub-meter scales in a highly heterogeneous, layered geologic deposit.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Projected Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater–Surface Water Connectivity in a Compartmentalized Mountain Headwater Bedrock Aquifer 气候变化对分区山地水源基岩含水层地下水-地表水连通性的影响

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1029/2025wr040083

R. Abhervé, C. Roques, J.‐R. de Dreuzy, T. Van Der Veen, L. Dumaine, E. Chatton, P. Brunner, L. Aquilina, L. Servière

{"title":"Projected Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater–Surface Water Connectivity in a Compartmentalized Mountain Headwater Bedrock Aquifer","authors":"R. Abhervé, C. Roques, J.‐R. de Dreuzy, T. Van Der Veen, L. Dumaine, E. Chatton, P. Brunner, L. Aquilina, L. Servière","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040083","url":null,"abstract":"How mountain headwaters and their groundwater‐dependent ecosystems will respond to future climate change remains largely unknown. These challenges stem from the difficulty of gathering relevant hydrological observations and implementing modeling strategies suited to data‐scarce systems. To address this, we present a hydrological modeling framework to quantify and predict changes in groundwater discharge to headwater springs and streams. We applied a process‐based 3D groundwater flow model to a 4 km2 crystalline alpine catchment in the Saint‐Barthélemy Massif, French Pyrenees, with steep elevation gradients (1,120–2,350 m). In the absence of wells, subsurface hydraulic properties were calibrated using surface data, including stream networks and streamflow measurements, estimating hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and their depth‐dependent decay. The calibrated model captures the compartmentalized aquifer structure typical of steep crystalline mountain regions, satisfactorily reproducing spring locations, the expansion and contraction of streams and wetlands, and the catchment's associated streamflow dynamics. Forced with IPCC scenarios (RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5), simulations suggest that by 2040, half of the historical hydrographic network will experience drier low‐flow conditions, with many upstream springs potentially drying. Projected water table declines alter the characteristic response times of the aquifer by reorganizing subsurface flow paths, strongly shaped by the local geomorphology and topography. Ridge‐dominated and steep sub‐catchments are especially vulnerable to hydrological disconnection, threatening biodiversity‐rich downstream peatlands. This replicable framework provides a robust tool to predict changes in water availability in mountain headwaters, offering critical guidance for sustainable land management and adaptive conservation of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameterized Modeling of Unfrozen Water in Frozen Soil Based on the Freezing Characteristics of Multicomponent Cation Solutions and the Electrical Double‐Layer Theory of Clay Colloids 基于多组分阳离子溶液冻结特性和粘粒双电层理论的冻土中未冻水的参数化建模

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1029/2025wr040886

Xiaoqing Gao, Ruiqiang Bai, Xiao Jin, Ye Yu, Zhenchao Li, Siqiong Luo, Wen Yang, JingYi Zhao

{"title":"Parameterized Modeling of Unfrozen Water in Frozen Soil Based on the Freezing Characteristics of Multicomponent Cation Solutions and the Electrical Double‐Layer Theory of Clay Colloids","authors":"Xiaoqing Gao, Ruiqiang Bai, Xiao Jin, Ye Yu, Zhenchao Li, Siqiong Luo, Wen Yang, JingYi Zhao","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040886","url":null,"abstract":"Soil freezing characteristics are predominantly governed by the mechanism of bound water, which essentially constitutes a multicomponent cations distribution within the electrical double‐layer (EDL) on clay particles. The freezing behavior of bound water is determined by two critical factors: (a) the distribution characteristics of cation solutions; (b) the quantitative relationship between cation concentration and freezing point. Although EDL‐based unfrozen water model has been proposed, the freezing characteristics of multicomponent cation solutions remain poorly understood. Our findings indicate that: (a) The synergistic effect of multicomponent cations increases the freezing point depression coefficient of bound water (i.e., the degree of freezing point lowering per unit concentration) by several‐fold compared to NaCl solution; (b) For typical mineral soils with low Na+ content (<15%), a linear freezing point depression equation can accurately characterize the freezing process of multicomponent cation solutions; (c) typical mineral soils exhibit highly similar cation distribution characteristics. By integrating the freezing point depression equation with EDL theory, this study not only improves the EDL‐based unfrozen water model but also develops a parameterized model applicable to typical mineral soils, and elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms of the model's robustness. Validation using measured data from 12 typical soil types demonstrates that this parameterized model can accurately predict unfrozen water content in sands, silts, and clays with low to moderate clay content within the temperature range of −0.263°C to −20°C. The study establishes a theoretical framework distinct from conventional water potential theory, thereby deepening the understanding of freezing characteristics in frozen soils.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0