Water Resources Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Vegetation on Runoff Hydrodynamics and Erosion Morphologies in Headcut Erosion Processes in the Loess Tableland Region","authors":"Yibao Lou, Yanan Zhu, Jie Wei, Wenlong Wang, Mingming Guo, Hongliang Kang, Lanqian Feng, Hao Yang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038274","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation significantly affects the soil properties and runoff processes of gully head systems, thereby affecting their development. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of vegetation on gully headcut erosion remain unclear. To explore these mechanisms, a series of simulation experiments were carried out on plots with four types of vegetation and bare land (BL). The results revealed that vegetation reduces the runoff velocity in the upstream area (Vup), gully head brink (Vbrink), and gully bed (Vbed) areas by 15%–70%, 3%–54%, and 1%–30%, respectively, and that vegetation type impacts Vup, with no obvious impacts on Vbrink, the jet flow velocity (Vjet) or Vbed. Vegetation reduced the jet flow shear stress (τ_jet) under low inflow discharge, but under high inflow discharge, it increased τ_jet. Different vegetation types exhibited different effects on the increase in the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (<i>f</i>) and Manning roughness coefficient (<i>n</i>) in the upstream area, whereas the effect of vegetation on the <i>f</i> and <i>n</i> value of the gully bed was not obvious. Vegetation reduced the gully head retreat length. Compared with BL, vegetation reduced the rate of soil loss by 31%–95%. Vegetation significantly and directly affects soil characteristics, hydrodynamic parameters, and gully head morphology. The gully head morphology significantly and directly influences the soil loss rate, which ultimately affected the length of gully head retreat. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of vegetation in gully headcut erosion, offering a scientific foundation for the implementation of preventive measures against such erosion.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Water Level Responses to Atmospheric Pressure Variations to Measure and Monitor Vertical Leakage Through Confining Units, With Application to the Jurassic Shaximiao Crust, China","authors":"Yan Zhang, Qiu-Ye Yang, Michael Manga, Li-Yun Fu, Huai Zhang, Bingfei Chu, Gaoxiang Chen, Tianming Huang, Tongcheng Han, Shengwen Qi","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037767","url":null,"abstract":"The upper few hundreds of meters of the crust often hosts leaky aquifers. Quantifying leakage is important if those aquifers are used as a water resource. The responses of water level to external forcing such as tides and barometric pressure changes offer the opportunity to measure aquifer hydrogeological properties and monitor possible changes in those properties. Around the Huayingshan faults adjacent to Sichuan and Chongqing provinces, China, inclined fold-and-thrust belts form the crust, and frequent earthquakes might impact aquifers in the shallow crust that are used for drinking water. We introduce a new computational approach for continuous modeling of water level changes in response to barometric pressure variations to identify when the signals are reliable and then determine values of aquifer transmissivity and aquitard hydraulic diffusivity. Computed aquifer transmissivity agrees with values from well tests. We obtain horizontal and vertical hydraulic parameters for more than 10 years (from 2008 to 2019). Of the six wells studied, five have aquitard vertical hydraulic diffusivities at least two orders of magnitude greater than aquifer horizontal transmissivity. Although several regional and teleseismic earthquakes caused changes in water levels in one of the wells with relatively low vertical permeability, we do not see clear changes in hydraulic properties in response to the earthquakes. We also identify small long-term trends and seasonal variations in hydrogeological properties.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent and Transdisciplinary Integration: On the Future of Integrated Modeling of Human-Water Systems","authors":"Saman Razavi, Ashleigh Duffy, Leila Eamen, Anthony J. Jakeman, Timothy D. Jardine, Howard Wheater, Randall J. Hunt, Holger R. Maier, Mohamed S. Abdelhamed, Mohammad Ghoreishi, Hoshin Gupta, Petra Döll, Enayat A. Moallemi, Fuad Yassin, Graham Strickert, Ehsan Nabavi, Juliane Mai, Yanping Li, Julie M. Thériault, Wenyan Wu, John Pomeroy, Martyn P. Clark, Grant Ferguson, Patricia Gober, Ximing Cai, Maureen G. Reed, Andrea Saltelli, Amin Elshorbagy, Mahdi Sedighkia, Julie Terry, Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt, David M. Hannah, Kailong Li, Masoud Asadzadeh, Natasha Harvey, Hamid Moradkhani, Volker Grimm","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038088","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of convergent and transdisciplinary integration, which is about braiding together different knowledge systems, is becoming the mantra of numerous initiatives aimed at tackling pressing water challenges. Yet, the transition from rhetoric to actual implementation is impeded by incongruence in semantics, methodologies, and discourse among disciplinary scientists and societal actors. Here, we embrace “integrated modeling”—both quantitatively and qualitatively—as a vital exploratory instrument to advance such integration, providing a means to navigate complexity and manage the uncertainty associated with understanding, diagnosing, predicting, and governing human-water systems. From this standpoint, we confront disciplinary barriers by offering seven focused reviews and syntheses of existing and missing links across the frontiers distinguishing surface and groundwater hydrology, engineering, social sciences, economics, Indigenous and place-based knowledge, and studies of other interconnected natural systems such as the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosphere. While there are, arguably, no bounds to the pursuit of inclusivity in representing the spectrum of natural and human processes around water resources, we advocate that integrated modeling can provide a focused approach to delineating the scope of integration, through the lens of three fundamental questions: (a) What is the modeling “purpose”? (b) What constitutes a sound “boundary judgment”? and (c) What are the “critical uncertainties” and their compounding effects? More broadly, we call for investigating what constitutes <i><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\">warranted</span></i> “systems complexity,” as opposed to <i><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\">unjustified</span></i> “computational complexity” when representing complex natural and human-natural systems, with careful attention to interdependencies and feedbacks, scaling issues, nonlinear dynamics and thresholds, hysteresis, time lags, and legacy effects.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining Groundwater Storage in the Indus Basin Revealed Using GRACE and GRACE-FO Data","authors":"Jaydeo K. Dharpure, Ian M. Howat, Saurabh Kaushik","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038279","url":null,"abstract":"Snow and glacier melt provide freshwater to millions of people in the Indus basin. However, the unprecedented increase in demand for freshwater and depleting resources due to climate warming has put the region's water resources at risk. Therefore, quantifying water mass variation and anticipating changes in hydrological regimes that affect downstream freshwater supply are of utmost importance. To address this, we used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On derived terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) data from April 2002 to May 2023 over the Indus basin. Several gaps in these data, totaling 33 months, significantly impact regional trends and predictions of water mass changes. We apply a machine learning-based MissForest algorithm to fill these gaps and compare our results with four previous studies. Annual TWSA shows a declining trend (−0.65 cm/yr) before 2015/16, with a significantly higher (−2.16 cm/yr) after 2015/16. Based on the estimate for the annual groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA), a major portion (83.7%) of the basin is experiencing a significant declining trend (&gt;−0.15 cm/yr, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Glaciated region has a less severe decreasing trend (−0.78 cm/yr) compared to the non-glaciated region (−1.44 cm/yr). Among sub-basins, the upper Indus shows the lowest decline (−0.42 cm/yr), while Panjnad exhibits the highest (−1.70 cm/yr). Annual precipitation and runoff are decreasing, while temperature shows no trend. However, evapotranspiration is increasing might be due to a significant increase in vegetation (0.23%/yr) over the basin. The trends of hydroclimatic variables, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors, indicate a consistently decreasing GWSA in the region.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Aquifer Properties and Groundwater Storage at North China Plain Using Geodetic and Hydrological Measurements","authors":"Mingjia Li, Jianbao Sun, Lian Xue, Zheng-Kang Shen, Yuexin Li, Bin Zhao, Leyin Hu","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037425","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic and anthropogenic changes are reshaping global water resources, with the North China Plain (NCP) experiencing significant surface subsidence due to severe groundwater overexploitation over the past half-century. In this study, we integrate data from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Global Navigation Satellite System, and hydraulic head measurements observed in 2015–2019 to investigate aquifers' physical properties and corresponding changes in groundwater storage in NCP. Geodetic measurements indicate seasonal and long-term deformation patterns. The amplitude of seasonal variation of deformation is up to 25 mm with phase lag behind the seasonal variation of water head. The integration of geodetic and hydrological data indicates that local aquifer storativity and clay lens thickness are &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/7bc5654a-4186-43ab-9d48-e41f2f4c08d2/wrcr70011-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"156\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70011-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"16,14\" data-semantic-content=\"9\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"0.67 times 10 Superscript negative 3 minus 14.38 times 10 Superscript negative 3\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"15,8\" data-semantic-content=\"7\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,6\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"16\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"15\" data-semantic-role=\"float\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,×\" data-semantic-parent=\"15\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"4\" space=\"4\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"2,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"15\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.393em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"1\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semanti","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Global Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration Coupling Strength Based on a Two-System Method and Multiple Data Sources","authors":"Jianhong Zhou, Kun Yang, Jianzhi Dong, Wade T. Crow, Hui Lu, Long Zhao, Huihui Feng, Jiaxin Tian, Xiaogang Ma, Xin Tian, Yaozhi Jiang","doi":"10.1029/2023wr036847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr036847","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture (SM) is a key state variable in the climate system through its control on evapotranspiration (ET) and ET-regulated lower atmospheric processes. The SM-ET coupling strength (SECS) is thus closely linked with land-atmosphere interactions and its reliability is crucial for Earth system modeling. However, acquiring global maps of unbiased SECS remains challenging given significant levels of error present in globally available SM and ET products. Triple collocation (TC) provides a possible solution; however, it is difficult to apply globally since it requires access to three independent SM-ET data pairs—a requirement that is difficult to meet in practice. Here, we generate a global SECS map based on a new two-system approach that requires only two independent SM-ET data pairs. This two-system approach is first validated over local ground sites versus a ground-inclusive benchmark SECS. Subsequently, it is applied to generate a global map of SECS with input from various independent globally available SM-ET data pairs (identified using the benchmark SECS). Results suggest that previous TC-based SECS estimates are generally negatively biased due to cross-correlated error present between RS products. Instead, our generated new SECS map is shown to provide more robust mapping of global SECS—thus offering an important reference for improving Earth system models.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Applicability of the Kappa Distribution for Rainfall Frequency Analysis","authors":"Robert Strong, Olivia Borgstroem, Rory Nathan, Conrad Wasko, Declan O’Shea","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039035","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme rainfall events have profound implications across various sectors, necessitating accurate modeling to assess risks and devise effective adaptation strategies. The common practice of employing three-parameter probability distributions, such as the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Pearson Type III distributions, in rainfall frequency analysis often encounters limitations in capturing rare, heavy-tailed events with a lack of consensus as to which distribution is the most applicable. In this study, we explore the applicability of the four-parameter Kappa distribution (K4D) for modeling extreme daily rainfalls using annual maxima from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily database. Quality checks and thresholds were used to remove erroneous and poor-quality data, retaining 20,500 stations with 50 or more years of data. The variation in the second shape parameter (&lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/38c8a8bd-6099-4a01-845f-e8dfd3769fca/wrcr27658-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"107\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27658-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"h\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27658:wrcr27658-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27658-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"h\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;$h$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/mjx-assistive-mml&gt;&lt;/mjx-container&gt;) was examined across regime characteristics, geospatial regions, and climate regional groupings to identify where the K4D is best able to model extreme rainfalls. Consistent with theoretical expectations, &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/1a96b52e-6d43-4f73-899d-be3c670df5d3/wrcr27658-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"108\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27658-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"h\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27658:wrcr27658-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tidal Influences on Temperature Dynamics and Heat Exchange in Coastal Wetlands","authors":"Xinghua Xu, Xiayang Yu, Junjie Wu, Kai Xiao, Pei Xin","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038374","url":null,"abstract":"Soil temperature is crucial for the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. While the impact of tides on porewater flow is well recognized, their effect on soil temperature, which is also closely related to hydrodynamic processes, has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigates how dynamic tidal and atmospheric conditions interact to drive temperature variations in coastal wetlands, based on both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The results reveal that temperature plumes develop near creek banks, where the annual mean soil temperature closely correlates with tidal temperature. Tide-induced water circulation enhances local heat transfer and mixing, leading to moderate annual temperature ranges in areas close to creeks. In contrast, surface soil temperatures across the wetland platform are closer to atmospheric conditions in both annual mean values and ranges. At the field scale, tide-induced advective heat exchange is apparent, particularly near creeks. However, its net impact on the overall heat balance is relatively limited compared to the conductive heat flux at the sediment-water interface. The study also highlights the role of macropores in enhancing local temperature fluctuations by augmenting advective heat exchange and increasing heat capacity. Additionally, increased hydraulic and thermal conductivities in wetland sediments could result in more efficient temperature transfer and larger temperature ranges in deeper soil layers. These findings advance our understanding of the hydrodynamic and thermal processes in coastal wetlands coupled with benthic bioturbation.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Implementation of Tidal Forcing in Simulations of Groundwater Dynamics in Subterranean Estuaries","authors":"Tao Wang, Chenming Zhang, David Andrew Barry, Jiansheng Chen, Yuan Wang, Jie Ren, Ling Li","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038145","url":null,"abstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge from subterranean estuaries is affected by tides, which are represented in computational models as time-dependent boundary conditions on the seaward boundary. Conventionally, a small time step is used in the numerical model to phase-resolve the tidal signal so as to ensure accurate results, although at the cost of excessive computation times for long-term simulations. This study proposes a highly efficient alternative method for modeling the tidal signal, in which a phase-averaged pressure is assigned to the seawater boundary with a much larger time step. The assigned pressure condition is first determined from an analytical solution of the time-independent pressure boundary condition. Along with the analytical solution, a single calibration factor is introduced at the beach face to account for the conductance at the beach. This results in good agreement between the results for phase-averaged and phase-resolved simulations. The new method is verified by comparison of the results for a wide range of physical cases determined using TOUGHREACT, a model for simulating coupled hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and geochemical processes. This comparison shows that the phase-averaged results give good agreement except for a small underestimation of the mixing zone over the saltwater wedge region. These results confirm that the new boundary condition is suitable for efficient, long-term simulations of coastal aquifers subjected to tidal forcing.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Horizontal Dispersion on Residence Times in Shallow Lakes","authors":"Eiji Masunaga, Oliver B. Fringer, Tatsumi Kitamura, Takao Ouchi","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037509","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents results of circulation and residence time in lakes influenced by wind-induced mixing investigated with numerical simulations. The study area is Lake Kasumigaura, a continuous lake system primally consisting of two lakes, West Lake and North Lake. Although metrological conditions and depths are similar for both lakes, the surface area and shape of the lakes are very different. A numerical model resolves the primary features of the wind-driven circulation in the lake system and is forced by observed river discharges and wind stress. A passive tracer released from the river mouths is used to estimate the residence time and evaluate mixing processes. Wind-driven flow dominates the kinetic energy in the lakes and induces chaotic motions leading to tracer dispersion which is largely influenced by the shape of the lakes. Results indicate that the residence time is much longer in the well-mixed middle basin of West Lake than North Lake. The estimated horizontal tracer diffusivity is approximately three times larger for the large West Lake than for the small-narrow North Lake. This study suggests that the surface area and shape of lakes in which the flow is predominantly wind driven largely influences circulation, water exchange processes and residence times in lakes.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}