Water Resources Research最新文献

{"title":"An Observation-Driven Framework for Modeling Post-Fire Hydrologic Response: Evaluation for Two Central California Case Studies","authors":"Timothy M. Lahmers, Sujay V. Kumar, Shahryar K. Ahmad, Thomas Holmes, Augusto Getirana, Elijah Orland, Kim Locke, Nishan Kumar Biswas, Wanshu Nie, Justin Pflug, Kristen Whitney, Martha Anderson, Yun Yang","doi":"10.1029/2023wr036582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr036582","url":null,"abstract":"In a warming climate, wildfires are becoming increasingly common, especially in semi-arid environments. Wildfires can disrupt forest ecosystems and induce changes to the land surface. Collectively, these impacts can alter the hydrologic response of a catchment following a fire, resulting in increased potential for surface runoff, reduced evapotranspiration, and, ultimately, a higher risk for flash flooding and mass wasting. The timescale of post-fire recovery of hydrological processes to return to pre-fire conditions is not well established due to the lack of ground measurements. Accurate characterization of the impacts of fire on hydrologic response is also challenging to simulate, given the complex interplay of various processes. Here, we present a generalized framework to quantify the impacts of wildfire on runoff generation. We consider the disturbances in the vegetation and soil as the two main factors contributing to post-fire floods. Using an ensemble modeling structure to account for parameter uncertainty, remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) is assimilated into a land surface model (LSM) to simulate vegetation disturbance, and the maximum land surface saturation LSM parameter is decreased to parameterize the soil disturbance following observed fires. We consider the impacts of fire-induced changes to LAI and soil saturation on hydrologic states like runoff and evapotranspiration for two case studies. These case studies demonstrate the general applicability of hydrophobicity formulation to serve as a guideline for exploring the range of hydrologic responses post-fire.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Large Precipitation Events and Low Available Water Holding Capacity Create the Conditions for Dry Land-Atmosphere Feedbacks in the Northeastern United States","authors":"Samuel Jurado, Jackie Matthes","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038600","url":null,"abstract":"As a warmer climate enables an increase in atmospheric humidity, extreme precipitation events have become more frequent in the Northeastern United States. Understanding the impact of evolving precipitation patterns is critical to understanding water cycling in temperate forests and moisture coupling between the atmosphere and land surface. Although the role of soil moisture in evapotranspiration has been extensively studied, few have analyzed the role of soil texture in determining ecosystem-atmosphere feedbacks. In this study, we utilized long term data associated with ecosystem water fluxes to deduce the strength of land-atmosphere coupling at Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA. We found a 1.5% increase in heavy precipitation contribution per decade where high-intensity events compose upwards of 42% of total yearly precipitation in 2023. Intensifying precipitation trends were found in conjunction with a long-term soil drying at the Harvard Forest despite no significant increase in evapotranspiration over 32 years. This suggests that soil water holding capacity is a key mediating variable controlling the supply of water to ecosystems and the atmosphere. We found that these land surface changes directly impacted the lifted condensation level (LCL) height over Harvard Forest which was found to be increasing at a rate of 6.62 m per year while atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) heights have fallen at a modest rate of 1.76 m per year. This has amplified dry feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere such that 80% of observed summers ending in a water deficit also had an anomalously low soil water content in the spring.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Characteristics and Drivers of Slow Droughts and Flash Droughts: A Multi-Temporal Scale Drought Identification Framework","authors":"Zixuan Qi, Yuchen Ye, Yanpeng Cai, Chaoxia Yuan, Yulei Xie, Guanhui Cheng, Pingping Zhang, Lian Sun, Hang Wan","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037181","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change has altered the characteristics of conventional drought events, with an increasing number of Slow droughts (SD) rapidly transitioning into Flash droughts (FD). This study introduces a novel multi-temporal scale drought identification framework (MTSDIF) that classifies historical agricultural drought events into three types: SD, FD, and Slow-to-Flash Drought (SFD). Based on the MTSDIF, the GLDAS-Noah root zone soil moisture dataset was used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics, evolution, and driving factors of multi-temporal scale droughts in China. Our study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed MTSDIF in classifying droughts with different onset speeds (SD, FD, and SFD). The results indicate that, from 1980 to 2020, the three types of drought events in China exhibited short-term, medium-term, and long-term periodic oscillations. Before 2000, SD events were the predominant type of agricultural drought in China, but post-2000, the areas affected by FD and SFD have been continuously expanding. Compared to SD, key meteorological elements influencing FD and SFD show anomalies exceeding 0.5 times the standard deviation. In the southeastern regions of China, areas with human-impacted soils, leached soils, and incept soils exhibit a higher response frequency to FD. Sea surface temperature indices, including the interannual El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Pacific and interdecadal variations such as the +PDO and −AMO, significantly influence the occurrence of FD in the monsoon regions of China (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Together, the results highlight the necessity of understanding the disparities and consistencies in land-atmosphere-ocean mechanisms behind drought events with varying onset speeds.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Solute Transport in Ice-Supersaturated Debris: 2. Rock Glacier Hydrology in Alpine Glacial-Periglacial Systems","authors":"Simon Seelig, Magdalena Seelig, Karl Krainer, Gerfried Winkler","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037236","url":null,"abstract":"Active rock glaciers represent permafrost-affected aquifers that store freshwater in alpine headwater catchments. Groundwater flow in these aquifers is altered by degrading permafrost and the development of preferential flow paths in the subsurface. Where these pathways connect to form channel networks, they significantly change solute and pollutant transport. This study analyzes the hydraulic properties of such channel networks at two active rock glaciers in the Austrian Alps through tracer tests and inverse transport modeling. At both rock glaciers, tracer clouds traveling down the channel network show fast advection and limited dispersion. Parts of the tracer are retarded in stagnant water zones along the flow paths, such as turbulent eddies and vortices, recirculation in cascades and pools, and dead-end passages between the blocks of the ice-debris mixture forming the frozen rock glacier cores. The patterns of water infiltration control the channel network structure: localized recharge strongly concentrates flow along a major channel, diffuse recharge results in a distributed network of smaller channels with diverging and converging flow paths. The hydraulic properties of these channel networks are crucial for assessing the vulnerability of permafrost-affected aquifers. They permit the rapid transfer and partial retardation of solutes, making them more susceptible to contamination—a growing concern as infrastructure development advances in high alpine environments.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Drainages of the Americas","authors":"Robert B. Sowby, Adam C. Siegel","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039824","url":null,"abstract":"While most rivers and lakes follow predictable principles of hydrology and geology, a few seem to defy the rules. Some rivers diverge rather than converge; some rivers flow in two directions; some lakes have not one but two outlets; some watersheds have ambiguous boundaries. The scientific literature on these exceptions is sparse, scattered, and, in some cases, conflicting. We provide an authoritative review of nine unusual natural drainages in North and South America, including river bifurcations and bifurcation lakes: Casiquiare River, Arroyo Partido, Wayambo River, Atchafalaya River, North Two Ocean Creek, Divide Creek, Committee's Punch Bowl, Echimamish River, and Wollaston Lake. Most instances are found on flatlands and saddles. Some watershed boundaries are still unresolved or even dynamic, suggesting river formation in progress. We discuss the exploration, geophysical settings, morphology, hydrology, ecology, use, and management of these extraordinary drainages, along with implications for hydrologic modeling.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Methods to Derive the Height-Area Relationship of Shallow Lakes in West Africa Using Remote Sensing","authors":"F. Girard, L. Kergoat, H. Nikiema, M. Wubda, R. Yonaba, T. Fowé, A. Abdourhamane Touré, I. Mainassara, M. de Fleury, M. Grippa","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037411","url":null,"abstract":"In West Africa, lakes and reservoirs play a vital role as they are critical resources for drinking water, livestock, irrigation, and fisheries. Given the scarcity of in-situ data, satellite remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring lake volume changes in this region. Several methods have been developed to do this using water height-area-volume relationships, but few publications have compared their performances over small and medium-sized shallow lakes. In this work we compare four methods based on recent data from high-resolution optical imagery and radar and lidar altimetry over 16 lakes in the Central Sahel, with areas between 0.22 <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/041143ac-27bf-407c-ba88-8e2c8cd764a8/wrcr70019-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr70019:wrcr70019-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70019-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mtext>km</mtext>\u0000<mn>2</mn>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${text{km}}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> and 21 <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/4b11b691-6c9b-453f-bf08-cadc0d87ce0a/wrcr70019-math-0002.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr70019:wrcr70019-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70019-math-0002.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mtext>km</mtext>\u0000<mn>2</mn>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${text{km}}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math>. All methods show consistent results and are generally in good agreement with in-situ data in terms of accuracy (Root Mean Squared Error below 0.42 m for heights and Normalized Root Mean Squared Error below 13% for volumes). The precision of the estimated water height is about 0.20 m for Pleiades Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and less than 0.13 m for the other methods. Inherent limitations such as DSM quality, temporal coverage of DSM and lidar data, and spatial coverage of radar altimetry data are identified. Overall, fine shape patterns are consistently observed over small height amplitudes, highlighting the ability to monitor shallow lakes with non-linear height-area relationship. Finally, we show that combining lidar and radar altimetry-based methods provides estimates of volume changes over the different water bodies of the study region accurate enough to monitor seasonal, interannual, and long-term variability.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Surrogate Measures for Improving Water Distribution Systems' Resilience via Pipe Diameter Uniformity Enhancement","authors":"Yuehua Huang, Bailin Luo, Qianqian Zhou, Qi Wang, Zhiwei Zhao","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038237","url":null,"abstract":"Many resilience surrogate measures have been established to evaluate the performance of water distribution systems (WDSs) over the past three decades. However, most of those measures have neglected the nexus between network layout performance and the essential features of system resilience. In this paper, we proposed two novel surrogate measures by introducing node degree and pipe diameter uniformity within the extended nodal neighborhood in a rational, mathematical structure. Then, a comparison framework of surrogate measures was developed, which included a multi-pipe failure scenario generator and a dual-perspective evaluation method. New surrogate measures were benchmarked with well-known counterparts on four networks with different numbers of sources and loop degrees. Results revealed that new surrogate measures outperformed existing ones clearly with a marginal computational budget increase. Solutions derived from the proposed surrogate measures strengthened system resilience by increasing diameter uniformities from sources to critical nodes. Additionally, new surrogate measures showed fewer performance fluctuations. This study provides insights into how to maintain more resilient WDSs.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"81 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Formation Process, Mechanism, and Attribution of Urban Impervious Surface Thermal Runoff","authors":"Yi Luo, Qingqing Wang, Kun Yang, Yang Zhang, Chunxue Shang, Xingfang Pei, Rixiang Chen, Dingpu Li, Changqing Peng","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037696","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that thermal runoff will form on the impervious surface after rainfall occurs in summer, which will cause thermal pollution to urban water bodies. However, the existing thermal runoff calculation models lack a simplified hydrothermal model suitable for typical impervious surfaces and do not continuously express the process of runoff formation by rainfall. In this study, a simplified urban rainwater runoff heat transfer model was established, and a temperature heat transfer model of urban impervious surface runoff based on numerical simulation was proposed in a continuous state. By comparing with the field-measured data, the model has a higher calculation accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.98, MAE = 0.16°C, RMSE = 0.17°C). The combination of the random forest model and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to evaluate and explain the main factors affecting surface runoff temperature, and it was found that the initial surface temperature was positively correlated with runoff temperature, which was the most critical factor affecting surface runoff temperature. All other things being equal, we find that for every 5°C increase in initial surface temperature, the event mean temperature (EMT) will increase by 0.2°C, no matter what kind of climatic conditions and underlying surface conditions in summer, the runoff EMT will gradually increase within 2 minutes of the rainfall and reach the maximum value, after which the runoff EMT will show a downward trend, but it will still be higher than the initial rainwater temperature.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Water and Hydrochemical Components of Lakes: Example From the Mu Us Desert, Northwest China","authors":"Fengxia Liu, Guangcai Wang, Fu Liao, Zheming Shi, Charles Cravotta, Pengpeng Zhou, Xiangyang Liang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038856","url":null,"abstract":"Desert lakes are sparsely distributed in arid/semi-arid regions of the world and are crucial to desert hydro-ecosystem. However, the sources of water and dissolved components in desert lakes, especially the inputs from anthropogenic activities, remain to be fully understood. This study used water stable isotopes, self-organizing maps, and principal component analysis to explore the origins of lake water in the Mu Us desert, northwest China, where intensive coal mining activities exist. Results show that all desert lakes were distinguished into two types: (a) Type A, dominated by Ca-HCO₃ type with a relatively low TDS (192–405 mg/L) and the highest concentration of NO₃⁻ (1.14–5.94 mg/L); (b) Type B, characterized by Na-HCO₃ type with a highest content of SO₄^2– and TDS up to 159 and 1,207 mg/L, respectively. The water stable isotopic compositions in lake water of Type B are depleted compared to those of the lake water of Type A. A combined analysis of hydrochemistry of lake water, groundwater, and mine water suggest that the desert lakes have different sources: lake water of Type A originated from Quaternary groundwater discharge, while lake water of Type B was derived from the treated mine drainage (TMD) which led to higher TDS and SO₄^2–. The hydrochemistry of Type A lakes was influenced by agricultural activities (fertilizer use and livestock manure), whereas the hydrochemistry in Type B lakes were mainly controlled by the infiltrated TMD nearby. This hydrochemical characterization approach may be helpful to understand the hydrology of desert lakes elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vegetation on Runoff Hydrodynamics and Erosion Morphologies in Headcut Erosion Processes in the Loess Tableland Region","authors":"Yibao Lou, Yanan Zhu, Jie Wei, Wenlong Wang, Mingming Guo, Hongliang Kang, Lanqian Feng, Hao Yang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038274","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation significantly affects the soil properties and runoff processes of gully head systems, thereby affecting their development. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of vegetation on gully headcut erosion remain unclear. To explore these mechanisms, a series of simulation experiments were carried out on plots with four types of vegetation and bare land (BL). The results revealed that vegetation reduces the runoff velocity in the upstream area (Vup), gully head brink (Vbrink), and gully bed (Vbed) areas by 15%–70%, 3%–54%, and 1%–30%, respectively, and that vegetation type impacts Vup, with no obvious impacts on Vbrink, the jet flow velocity (Vjet) or Vbed. Vegetation reduced the jet flow shear stress (τ_jet) under low inflow discharge, but under high inflow discharge, it increased τ_jet. Different vegetation types exhibited different effects on the increase in the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (<i>f</i>) and Manning roughness coefficient (<i>n</i>) in the upstream area, whereas the effect of vegetation on the <i>f</i> and <i>n</i> value of the gully bed was not obvious. Vegetation reduced the gully head retreat length. Compared with BL, vegetation reduced the rate of soil loss by 31%–95%. Vegetation significantly and directly affects soil characteristics, hydrodynamic parameters, and gully head morphology. The gully head morphology significantly and directly influences the soil loss rate, which ultimately affected the length of gully head retreat. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of vegetation in gully headcut erosion, offering a scientific foundation for the implementation of preventive measures against such erosion.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}