Water Resources Research最新文献

{"title":"Water Vapor Transport in Dry Sand During Evaporation Monitored by Quasi-Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Technology","authors":"Junyi Guo, Mengya Sun, Chengcheng Zhang, Werner Lienhart, Hongtao Jiang, Bin Shi","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038719","url":null,"abstract":"Water vapor transport in the dry soil layer (DSL) plays a critical role in water and energy exchange between soil and atmosphere in semi-arid and arid regions. However, monitoring water vapor transport in extremely dry soils remains challenging. This study directly measured changes in water vapor content and temperature within sand pores during evaporation using fiber Bragg grating relative humidity sensing technology. Results indicated that soil temperature reached a minimum when relative humidity dropped from 100%, confirming that the sensors successfully captured the evaporating front and its dynamic migration within the soil. Water vapor fluxes exhibited a mono-convex temporal pattern, peaking at the evaporating front. Additionally, deeper evaporating fronts migrated more slowly in sands with varying initial water content. Furthermore, the relative humidity distribution within the DSL was found to be depth-dependent and could be described by a nonlinear function of depth. These findings suggest that our method offers a novel approach for investigating the mechanisms of water vapor transport in dry soils in semi-arid and arid regions.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Fidelity Numerical Study of the Effect of Wing Dam Fields on Flood Stage in Rivers","authors":"Xun Han, Gary Parker, Pengzhi Lin","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037852","url":null,"abstract":"Trains of wing dams (spur dikes) are used in river engineering for navigation in many rivers, such as the Mississippi River. These structures increase water level due to added resistance, and thus increase flood stage. The redistribution of bed sediment associated with constriction scour in the central channel zone and deposition along the banks between wing dams, however, may result in a compensating decrease in water stage. The net effect of wing dams on flood stage is determined by a balance between these two effects. We apply a high-fidelity 3D numerical model (LES rather than RANS or shallow water approach) to investigate the flow, water level and sediment transport in wing dam fields. We study both fully emergent (tops of wing dams protrude above water surface) and submerged (tops of wing dams below water surface) fields. Our results for a simplified configuration show that (a) the additional resistance of wing dams does indeed increase water stage, but (b) much of this increase is reduced via in-channel redistribution of bed sediment, including non-local contraction scour in the main channel. In all cases studied here, when the bed is fully erodible, wing dams increase depth in the central channel region between the wing dam field, promoting navigability there. We provide a direct upscale our results to an Upper Reach of the Lower Mississippi River (URLMR) using distorted Froude scaling, but outline numerous caveats which motivate future studies.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bushfire Impact on Drinking Water Distribution Networks and Investigation Methods: A Review","authors":"Vaughan Mitchell, Jinzhe Gong, Ellen Moon, Wenyan Wu","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038225","url":null,"abstract":"Bushfire events can directly and indirectly impact drinking water distribution networks. Water authorities around the world have experienced compromised water supply and quality in the aftermath of recent bushfires, necessitating costly investigation and repair. Future climate models predict an escalation of bushfire weather events with a significant increase in the severity and frequency in many regions, for which water authorities must now prepare. Currently, there is no systematic review on the impact that bushfires can have on drinking water networks and how these impacts can be evaluated and investigated. The current study provides a systematic review of academic literature, agency response, water operator reports and media releases on these two emerging topics. On bushfire impacts, the review focuses on the physical impact to water assets, potential risk to water quality in the distribution network, and possible interruptions to water supply. On evaluation and investigation methods, the review summarizes available testing methods for evaluating physical damages to assets, identification of chemical or biological contaminants that may compromise water quality, and the identification of, or elective, interruption of water service. Gaps in our knowledge on how drinking water assets are physically damaged and how services are interrupted due to water quality testing or results are also identified to inform water operators, government agencies and researchers. Further research into the impact of bushfire temperature and duration on various types of pipe materials exposed is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow Resistance and Hydraulic Geometry in Gravel-And Boulder-Bed Rivers","authors":"Rob Ferguson, Alain Recking","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038852","url":null,"abstract":"The frictional resistance of river beds affects how water discharge is partitioned between depth and velocity, which is important in many aspects of hydrology, geomorphology, and aquatic ecology. Many of the most widely-used resistance equations predict reach-average velocity from relative submergence (RS), the ratio of mean flow depth to a bed roughness height such as the 84th percentile of the bed grain-size distribution (<i>D</i>₈₄). Nondimensional hydraulic geometry (HG) is an alternative approach that directly partitions unit discharge into depth and velocity. We show that any RS equation has an implicit or explicit HG equivalent, and the other way round. Analysis of a large set of flow measurements in gravel- and boulder-bed channels confirms previous findings that HG equations using <i>D</i>₈₄ outperform mathematically equivalent RS equations in predicting velocity. This paradox is explained by mathematical analysis and numerical experiments, both of which show that HG equations are less sensitive to the inevitable measurement uncertainty in the variables required for a prediction and the observed velocity used for testing. We also propose a new, simple and effective HG equation using <i>D</i>₈₄ to predict depth and velocity from unit discharge. It is derived in the same way as the now widely-used variable-power equation equation (Ferguson, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005422) and for deep flows it reduces to an inverted Manning-type equation. It should be possible to use HG equations for flow resistance in sand-bed and bedrock rivers, but this may require new definitions of roughness height.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Hydrodynamic Intensities and Sediment Erosion Along Submerged Aquatic Vegetation","authors":"Xinya Liang, Yunsong Wang, Jiarui Lei","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038311","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged aquatic vegetation, a key component of these solutions, plays a crucial role in coastal and river ecosystems by reducing flow velocity and preventing sediment erosion. Although extensive research has explored the velocity profiles of submerged meadows covering entire channels, natural submerged aquatic vegetation distributions are often patchy and interact with three-dimensional velocity fields. Although some studies have shown that vegetation patches improve sediment deposition, the effects of 3-D meadows on flow structures and sediment transport remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the physical mechanisms underlying flow-vegetation-sediment interactions. By combining theoretical derivations and laboratory experiments, we examine the impact of 3-D submerged artificial vegetation on sediment transport and flow development in unidirectional flows. Our results reveal a strong correlation between turbulent kinetic energy, vegetation characteristics, and the co-evolved sand bedforms. The root mean square error of our turbulence prediction model, which includes vegetation factors and sand bed friction, is less than 10% in the fully developed region. Furthermore, in the presence of 3-D meadows, the TKE outside the vegetation increases to triple the levels found within the meadow, significantly influencing bedform development and increasing the roughness height &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/0165d61c-b5d0-4440-ba7b-a4b76ad7a2f6/wrcr70057-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"294\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70057-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"3,4\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis k Subscript s Baseline right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msub&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-sema","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Saltwater Intrusion Into Coastal Freshwaters in the California Central Coast","authors":"Lauren N. Kim, Casey Meusel, Rusty Barker, Brian Lockwood, Mark Strudley, Dane Behrens, Mara M. Orescanin, Mark Merrifield, Sarah N. Giddings, Morgan C. Levy","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037141","url":null,"abstract":"Saltwater intrusion (SWI) into coastal freshwater systems is a growing concern in the face of climate change-driven sea level rise and hydrologic variability. Saltwater contamination of surface freshwater in the coastal California Pajaro Valley exemplifies this concern, where surface water cannot be diverted for agriculture if it is too saline. Closures at the mouth of the Pajaro River Lagoon, a bar-built estuary in the Pajaro Valley, are associated with SWI. Closures and SWI are driven by a combination of offshore climate, coastal hydrodynamics, estuarine dynamics, inland hydrology, and infrastructure and management. Here, we describe the Pajaro Valley coastal water system and identify the oceanic and inland hydrologic drivers of SWI using available observational data between 2012 and 2020. We use time series and exploratory statistical analyses of coastal total water levels (TWLs), slough stage and salinity, river discharge, and contextual knowledge from local water managers. We observe that wet season lagoon closure and SWI events follow high oceanic TWLs coupled with low stage and discharge in the inland freshwater network, revealing how both wave and inland flow conditions govern lagoon closures and coincident SWI. This study yields novel empirical findings and a methodology for connecting coastal oceanography, estuarine coupled hydro- and morpho-dynamics, inland hydrology, and water management practices relevant to climate change adaptation in human-modified coastal water systems.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undervalued Groundwater Resources Over the Major Tectonic Lines of Southeastern China","authors":"Michele Lancia, Lihong Yang, Zhijie Liu, Jianan Xu, Jiang Yu, Stefano Viaroli, Junfei Zou, Charles B. Andrews, Chunmiao Zheng","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038754","url":null,"abstract":"Rising water demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors continue to stress water resources worldwide. In southeastern China, coastal cities and megacities typically rely on thousands of reservoirs, incurring high construction and maintenance costs. However, rural areas in this region, underlain by shallow, low-permeability bedrock due to regional metamorphism, host exploitable groundwater resources along major tectonic fault lines. To understand groundwater dynamics in these fractured aquifers, this study investigates a local site in Longquan (Zhejiang Province, China). Field investigations informed a three-dimensional geological model, which provided the basis for numerical flow modeling analysis using the USGS-MODFLOW code. Results indicate that permeable damage zones along the tectonic fault lines are recharged by a weathered bedrock blanket layer and are laterally bounded by low-permeability bedrock, limiting the spatial extension of the aquifer. The sub-tropical climate and hydrostratigraphic conditions make groundwater exploitation feasible, despite the modest groundwater yield of the damage zones (2.2 × 10⁵ m³ per km of damage zone). Intensified fracturing also produces recognizable morphological changes, transitioning from steep, incised valleys to rounded hills with flatter streambeds. This distinctive morphological feature was identified in 140 basins across southeastern China, suggesting the presence of strategic groundwater resources throughout this region. Harnessing these fracture-controlled groundwater resources may bolster economic growth in rural communities and help narrow the development gap with more urbanized coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the Flood Discharge Following the 2023 Kakhovka Dam Breach Using Satellite Remote Sensing","authors":"Shuang Yi, Hao-si Li, Shin-Chan Han, Nico Sneeuw, Chunyu Yuan, Chunqiao Song, In-Young Yeo, Christopher M. McCullough","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038314","url":null,"abstract":"Fourteen months post the Ukrainian-Russian war outbreak, the Kakhovka Dam collapsed, leading to weeks of catastrophic flooding. Yet, scant details exist regarding the reservoir draining process. By using a new technique for processing gravimetric satellite orbital observations, this study succeeded in recovering continuous changes in reservoir mass with a temporal resolution of 2–5 days. By integrating these variations with satellite imagery and altimetry data into a hydrodynamic model, we derived the effective width and length of the breach and the subsequent 30-day evolution of the reservoir discharge. Our model reveals that the initial volumetric flow rate is <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/2b554c7c-29e3-44b4-9fa1-20be0830d7c4/wrcr70056-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr70056:wrcr70056-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70056-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>(</mo>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mn>5.7</mn>\u0000<mo mathvariant=\"italic\">±</mo>\u0000<mn>0.8</mn>\u0000</mrow>\u0000<mo>)</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000<mo>×</mo>\u0000<msup>\u0000<mn>10</mn>\u0000<mn>4</mn>\u0000</msup>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$(5.7mathit{pm }0.8)times {10}^{4}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> m³/s, approximately 28 times the average flow of the Dnipro River. After 30 days, the water level in the reservoir had dropped by <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/74b366ad-7ae7-4d33-bfc3-34db21388ac0/wrcr70056-math-0002.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr70056:wrcr70056-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70056-math-0002.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mn>12.6</mn>\u0000<mo mathvariant=\"italic\">±</mo>\u0000<mn>1.1</mn>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$12.6mathit{pm }1.1$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> m and its water volume was almost completely depleted by <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/5c866929-76c0-40fd-a394-e1cac50e80b1/wrcr70056-math-0003.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr70056:wrcr70056-math-0003\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr70056-math-0003.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mn>20.4</mn>\u0000<mo mathvariant=\"italic\">±</mo>\u0000<mn>1.4</mn>\u0000</mrow>\u0000$20.4mathit{pm }1.4$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> km³. In addition, this event provides a rare opportunity to examine the discharge coefficient—a key modeling parameter—of giant reservoirs, which we find to be 0.8–1.0, significantly larger than the ∼0.6 value previously measured in the laboratory, indicating that this parameter may be related to the reservoir scale. This study demonstrates a paradigm of utilizing multiple remote sensing techniques to address observational challenges posed by extreme hydrological events.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning Identification of the Governing Equation for Water Flow in Heterogeneous Soils From Data","authors":"Wenxiang Song, Liangsheng Shi, Leilei He, Yuanyuan Zha, Xiaolong Hu, Mehdi Rahmati, Harry Vereecken","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037786","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the remarkable advances in using deep learning for describing and predicting soil water flow, these models inherently cannot deepen our understanding of its underlying physical mechanisms as they are black-box approaches. To address this issue, a novel data-driven equation discovery approach has recently been widely used to facilitate scientific discovery in geoscience disciplines, including soil hydrology. However, due to the inherent complexity of soils, current data-driven discovery approaches cannot deal with heterogeneous soil scenarios. In this study, we present a new group sparse regression theory and a deep learning framework to extend previous studies to be able to identify the governing equations for soil water flow in heterogeneous soils from observational data. Specifically, we focus on discovering equations from only time series of volumetric soil water content data, which are easily accessible. To accommodate it, the underlying assumption of the generalized soil-water content-based governing equation is utilized, and a coarse-grained group sparsity theory is developed. Furthermore, we incorporate the proposed group sparse regression into a new deep-learning framework: Extended-DeepGS (Extended Deep-learning-based Group Sparsity). Through deep-learning identification, it realizes simultaneous reconstructions of soil moisture dynamics and governing equations. A series of comprehensive numerical experiments are designed and conducted to test the performance of the theory and framework, and the results show its robustness. We also summarize the potential effects of soil heterogeneity on the discovery of equations. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the approach, which may inform future developments.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual 222Rn Models for Tracing Groundwater–Lake Water Exchange in a Flow-Through Lake","authors":"Yue Hu, Peng Sun, Fu Liao, Yirong Liang, Bai Gao, Zhi Rao, Xiaodong Chu, Yuanyuan Liu, Yang Yang, Yongzhen Fu, Guangcai Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038689","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater–lake water exchange in flow-through lakes which includes both groundwater discharge into the lake and lake water seepage into the aquifer, is crucial for sustaining lake wetland ecosystems; however, these two processes are rarely addressed simultaneously by tracer methods. In this study, radon (²²²Rn) is used as a tracer to estimate both groundwater inflow and outflow in flow-through lakes in the Poyang Lake area, using a combination of a ²²²Rn mass-balance model and a ²²²Rn production-decay model. The results reveal that the ²²²Rn flux from lake water seepage into the aquifer cannot be neglected in the ²²²Rn mass-balance model for flow-through lakes. The velocity of groundwater discharging into the flow-through lake was determined to be 23 ± 13 cm/d based on the ²²²Rn mass-balance model, while the velocity of the lake water seepage into the ground was estimated to be 22 ± 14 cm/d using the ²²²Rn production-decay model. A valid point dilution test was used to estimate the groundwater Darcy velocity near the flow-through lake as 24 cm/d, which closely matches to the results obtained using the ²²²Rn method. The results from ²²²Rn production-decay model enhance the accuracy of groundwater discharge estimation derived from the ²²²Rn mass-balance model. This study demonstrates both processes of groundwater–lake water exchange (groundwater discharge into the lake and lake water seepage into the ground) in a flow-through lake can be estimated using only ²²²Rn (dual ²²²Rn models: mass-balance model and production-decay model).","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}