Water Resources Research最新文献

Characterization of Spatially Heterogeneous Environmental Variables Through Multi-Modal Generalized Sub-Gaussian Distributions

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038487

Chiara Recalcati, Alberto Guadagnini, Monica Riva

{"title":"Characterization of Spatially Heterogeneous Environmental Variables Through Multi-Modal Generalized Sub-Gaussian Distributions","authors":"Chiara Recalcati, Alberto Guadagnini, Monica Riva","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038487","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a sound theoretical framework for the characterization of randomly heterogeneous spatial fields exhibiting multi-modal, long-tailed probability densities. Multi-modal distributions are at the core of conceptual models employed to represent heterogeneity of hydrogeological or geochemical systems across which one can otherwise distinguish diverse regions whose location is uncertain. Within each region, the quantity of interest shows a distinct heterogeneous pattern that can be described through a generally non-Gaussian distribution. Our analytical model embeds the joint formulation of the probability density of the target variable and its spatial increments. The distributions of the latter scale with separation distance between locations at which increments are evaluated. This feature is in line with documented experimental observations of a variety of Earth system quantities. Our stochastic modeling framework integrates approaches based on unimodal non-Gaussian fields described through a Generalized Sub-Gaussian model and (multi-modal) distributions resulting from mixtures of Gaussian fields. These are recovered as specific instances within our comprehensive formulation. We apply this framework to an experimental data set consisting of a collection of dissolution rate fields obtained from high-resolution nanoscale measurements acquired through Atomic Force Microscopy and documenting the dissolution behavior of a calcite sample under continuous flow conditions. Our findings demonstrate the capability of our stochastic approach to elucidate key statistical traits and scaling features inherent in the heterogeneous distributions of these types of environmental variables.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analytical Solution for Watershed Delineation in a Marsh Platform Drained by Tidal Creeks

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038111

Chia-Chu Chu, Alberto Canestrelli, Daniele Pinton, Sergio Fagherazzi

{"title":"An Analytical Solution for Watershed Delineation in a Marsh Platform Drained by Tidal Creeks","authors":"Chia-Chu Chu, Alberto Canestrelli, Daniele Pinton, Sergio Fagherazzi","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038111","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal marshes are important ecosystems providing numerous ecological services, including coastal protection, carbon storage, and biodiversity enhancement. Salt marshes are dissected by dendritic creeks dividing the marsh into distinct watersheds. The size and location of watersheds influence marsh hydrodynamics, which in turn, affect sediment and nutrient transport. Consequently, these processes shape marsh morphology and ecology. Current methods for determining divide positions rely exclusively on numerical approaches, which are computationally intensive, and do not explain how variations in marsh and creek geometry, friction, mean sea level, and tide influence the location of these divides. In this study, we introduce a simplified analytical model based on the shallow water equations (SWEs) to rapidly locate watershed divides in salt marshes with parallel creeks. We compare the analytical results with those obtained numerically using a two-dimensional Poisson model, a linearized form of the SWEs, alongside a two-dimensional Delft3D model, which solves the full SWEs. The proposed explicit analytical solution well agrees with numerical predictions. Our results indicate the divide moves toward the centerline of the marsh platform (i.e., the position equidistant from two neighboring creeks) as marsh friction, tidal amplitude, creek depth, marsh width, and MSL increase. Conversely, the divide moves away from the centerline for larger creek friction, water depth on the marsh platform, creek length, creek width, and larger difference in the geometry of the creeks. Our method enables to estimate the effect of man-made and natural modifications of marsh systems on watershed shape, and, consequently, on the water and sediment fluxes.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Unified Model for the Soil Freezing Characteristic Curve Based on Pore Size Distribution and Principles of Thermodynamics

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038715

Hao Wang, Sai K. Vanapalli, Xu Li

{"title":"A Unified Model for the Soil Freezing Characteristic Curve Based on Pore Size Distribution and Principles of Thermodynamics","authors":"Hao Wang, Sai K. Vanapalli, Xu Li","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038715","url":null,"abstract":"The soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) is used as a tool for interpreting various properties of frozen soils such as hydraulic conductivity, volume change, and shear strength. Existing SFCC models are commonly based on empirical relationships, pore size distribution (POSD), or adaptations of the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). Empirical models often lack a theoretical foundation, limiting their general applicability. Experimental evidence suggests that matric suction at a given temperature is affected by freezing rate, raising concerns about the suitability of SWCC-based approaches for predicting SFCC. POSD-based models are typically restricted to non-saline soils, while current methods for saline soils primarily rely on SWCC-based models, incorporating osmotic suction and iterative calculations to estimate unfrozen water content, which complicates practical applications. This study presents a unified SFCC model by transforming pore size into pore volumes using the POSD function (Weibull function) and extending the Gibbs-Thomson equation to account for solute effects. The model eliminates the need for iterative calculations by deriving a freezing point depression equation that links the effects of confinement and solute concentration to pore size. Validations of the proposed unified SFCC model against experimental data demonstrates its accuracy in predicting unfrozen water content across different soil types and solute concentrations. Finally, the model's ability to simulate thermal-hydraulic processes using a freezing column experiment is promising for its application in practice.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of Emission Potential of Landfill Waste Bodies Using a Stochastic Leaching Framework

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038360

T. J. Heimovaara, L. Wang

{"title":"Quantification of Emission Potential of Landfill Waste Bodies Using a Stochastic Leaching Framework","authors":"T. J. Heimovaara, L. Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038360","url":null,"abstract":"Sanitary engineered landfills require extensive aftercare to safeguard human health and the environment. This involves monitoring emissions like leachate and gas, maintaining cover layers, and managing leachate and gas collection systems. Researchers have explored methods to conclude or extend aftercare. Quantifying emission potential, a key concept integrating various processes influencing emissions, is essential for managing and predicting landfill impacts. In this study we developed a stochastic travel time model based on water life expectancies. The model is used to predict leachate production rates and leachate chloride concentrations from landfill waste bodies. Unknown parameters are quantified by matching model output to measured time series using Bayesian inference. Once parameter distributions have been obtained, we are able to describe the measured long-term leachate dynamics. By analyzing the parameters and evolution of model states, we obtain a deeper understanding of the water and mass balance of the waste bodies. We demonstrate that the model can be used to quantify the chloride emission potential and the estimated values of total chloride mass match data quantified by sampling from the waste body. The results confirm that emissions with leachate are dominated by preferential flow infiltrating from the cover layer. Similar results have been obtained by applying the model to datasets from four different waste bodies, demonstrating that the approach is generally applicable for conservative solutes. Understanding of the water balance of the landfill together with conservative solute leaching is a necessary first step for further evaluating emission of reactive species.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Searching for Functional Simplicity of Stormflow Generation

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr037179

Hamed Sharif, Ali A. Ameli

{"title":"Searching for Functional Simplicity of Stormflow Generation","authors":"Hamed Sharif, Ali A. Ameli","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037179","url":null,"abstract":"Our study proposes a data-driven framework that identifies the level of functional simplicity of catchment's stormflow generation during dormant/growing seasons, using daily scale observations of streamflow and precipitation. We classify 619 rain-dominated catchments across Canada, the United States, Great Britain, and Australia into three behavioral classes—simple, intermediate, and complex—based on the validity of (segmented) linear models in explaining the inter-event relationship between precipitation volume and stormflow volume. Results reveal that simple stormflow generation behavior occurs at 108 catchments during dormant seasons with the linear model explaining most variability of inter-event relationship between precipitation and stormflow volumes (median R2 of 0.81). These simple catchments are typically steep with wet/out-of-phase climate and strong precipitation persistence. The functional simplicity of simple catchments is further explored using spectral (coherency) analysis, which indicates the level of synchronicity between daily scale precipitation and streamflow time-series. Simple catchments exhibit a strong coherency value at high frequencies, resembling the dynamic of a nearly Linear Time-Invariant system. Indeed, the portion of precipitation volume that becomes stormflow tends to remain constant during dormant seasons, since the transfer function translating precipitation pulses to the streamflow hydrograph is nearly linear and time-invariant. Complex catchments, in contrast, exhibit nonlinear relationships and time-variant transfer functions, with weak coherency between precipitation and streamflow time-series. Our results guide modeling frameworks to adjust the simplicity/complexity level with the catchment's “observation-based” functional behavior. By synthesizing the causes/drivers and empirical equations relevant to simple stormflow behavior, our study contributes to the development of a unified hydrologic theory of stormflow generation.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint Assessment of the Behavior of Nitrate and Saltwater Intrusion Within Negative Hydraulic Barrier Setups

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039047

Shaobo Gao, Tianyuan Zheng, Jian Luo, Xilai Zheng, Yunhai Fang, Marc Walther

{"title":"Joint Assessment of the Behavior of Nitrate and Saltwater Intrusion Within Negative Hydraulic Barrier Setups","authors":"Shaobo Gao, Tianyuan Zheng, Jian Luo, Xilai Zheng, Yunhai Fang, Marc Walther","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039047","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate is a common groundwater contaminant resulting from excessive agricultural fertilizer use, especially in coastal regions. Negative hydraulic barriers (NHBs) are widely used to mitigate seawater intrusion by altering groundwater behavior and pumping saline groundwater, but their impact on nitrate pollution remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms and impacts of NHBs on nitrate contamination using a 3D variable-density model coupled with multi-species transport simulations. We found that NHBs intensified nitrate accumulation near pollution sources, leading to the formation of high-concentration zones. Nitrate removal was mainly through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD, accounting for 62.77%) before NHBs were introduced, but SGD efficiency dropped significantly (to 29.03%) after NHBs installation, with NHBs contributing 21.17%. Increasing NHBs pumping rates enhanced salt mass reduction and shifted nitrate removal toward NHBs-based processes. Additionally, LH-type aquifers, characterized by a low hydraulic conductivity (K) layer at the top, exacerbated nitrate retention and denitrification, while HL-type aquifers, with a low K layer at the bottom, promoted horizontal diffusion and improved SGD. Furthermore, NHBs consistently intensified nitrate removal across different seawater boundary conditions. Our investigation highlights the importance of incorporating the effects of NHBs in the assessment of coastal nitrate pollution to avoid negative consequences associated with the barriers.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensor Cooperation Gain System for Burst Monitoring in Water Distribution Network: Concept, Design, and Evaluation

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039189

Shipeng Chu, Shuangshuang Cai, Ruofei Liu, Tuqiao Zhang, Yu Shao, Jia Liu

引用次数: 0

Incorporating Risk in Operational Water Resources Management: Probabilistic Forecasting, Scenario Generation, and Optimal Control

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr037115

Ties van der Heijden, Miguel Angel Mendoza-Lugo, Peter Palensky, Nick van de Giesen, Edo Abraham

{"title":"Incorporating Risk in Operational Water Resources Management: Probabilistic Forecasting, Scenario Generation, and Optimal Control","authors":"Ties van der Heijden, Miguel Angel Mendoza-Lugo, Peter Palensky, Nick van de Giesen, Edo Abraham","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037115","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an innovative approach to risk-aware decision-making in water resource management. We focus on a case study in the Netherlands, where risk awareness is key to water system design and policy-making. Recognizing the limitations of deterministic methods in the face of weather, energy system, and market uncertainties, we propose a scalable stochastic Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework that integrates probabilistic forecasting, scenario generation, and stochastic optimal control. We utilize Combined Quantile Regression Deep Neural Networks and Non-parametric Bayesian Networks to generate probabilistic scenarios that capture realistic temporal dependencies. The energy distance metric is applied to optimize scenario selection and generate scenario trees, ensuring computational feasibility without compromising decision quality. A key feature of our approach is the introduction of Exceedance Risk (ER) constraints, inspired by Conditional-Value-at-Risk (CVaR), to enable more nuanced and risk-aware decision-making while maintaining computational efficiency. In this work, we enable the Noordzeekanaal–Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal (NZK-ARK) system to participate in Demand Response (DR) services by dynamically scheduling pumps to align with low hourly electricity prices on the Day Ahead and Intraday markets. Through historical simulations using real water system and electricity price data, we demonstrate that incorporating uncertainty can significantly reduce operational costs—by up to 44 percentage points compared to a deterministic approach—while maintaining safe water levels. The modular nature of the framework also makes it adaptable to a wide range of applications, including hydropower and battery storage systems.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cycles in Hydrologic Intensification and De-Intensification Create Instabilities in Spring Nitrate-N Export C-Q Relationships in Northern Temperate Forests

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr038560

I. F. Creed, D. A. Aldred, J. A. Leach, K. L. Webster, M. Bieroza

{"title":"Cycles in Hydrologic Intensification and De-Intensification Create Instabilities in Spring Nitrate-N Export C-Q Relationships in Northern Temperate Forests","authors":"I. F. Creed, D. A. Aldred, J. A. Leach, K. L. Webster, M. Bieroza","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038560","url":null,"abstract":"Northern temperate forests are experiencing changes from climate and acidification recovery that influence catchment nitrate-nitrogen (N) flushing behavior. N flushing behavior is characterized by metrics such as: (a) N flushing time—the exponential decrease in stream N concentration during the peak snowmelt episode; and (b) N concentration (C) and discharge (Q) hysteresis metrics—flushing index (FI) and hysteresis index (HI)—representing the slope, direction, and amplitude of the C-Q loop. We hypothesized that climate-driven hydrologic intensification results in longer N flushing times, lower FI (less flushing to more diluting), and lower HI (less proximal to more distal N sources). We tested this hypothesis using four decades of data from two headwater catchments. Hydrologic intensification was estimated by changes in the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation and the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to precipitation. From 1982 to 2005, a period characterized by hydrologic intensification and a decline in atmospheric acidic deposition, we observed a decrease in C and Q. This led to stable C-Q patterns that reflected the flushing (positive FI) of proximal N sources (positive HI). However, from 2006 to 2019, a period of hydrologic de-intensification coupled with an ongoing decline in atmospheric acidic deposition was associated with a continued decrease in C but an increase in Q, leading to unstable C-Q patterns that reflected a shift from proximal (positive HI) toward distal N sources (negative HI). C-Q instability was less variable in the catchment with a large wetland, indicating the potential of wetlands to buffer against changing climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water Transit Time Explains the Concentration, Quality and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Carbon in an Alpine Stream

IF 5.4 1区地球科学

Water Resources Research Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024wr039392

G. Grandi, N. Catalán, S. Bernal, C. Fasching, T. I. Battin, E. Bertuzzo

{"title":"Water Transit Time Explains the Concentration, Quality and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Carbon in an Alpine Stream","authors":"G. Grandi, N. Catalán, S. Bernal, C. Fasching, T. I. Battin, E. Bertuzzo","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039392","url":null,"abstract":"The amount and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported from terrestrial to riverine ecosystems are critical factors influencing aquatic metabolism and ecosystem health in streams, rivers, and lakes. This study investigates the interplay between hydrologic conditions and DOC dynamics in an alpine catchment, focusing on how DOC concentration and quality shift during baseflow, snowmelt, and storm events. Such dynamics were explored in the Oberer Seebach basin (Austria) where sub-daily DOC concentration data, along with high resolution excitation-emission matrices and absorbance spectra, were used to characterize DOC concentration and quality. We quantitatively linked hydrologic pathways with DOC dynamics by advancing a framework that couples water age, which tracks the time water spends within the catchment, with the Reactivity Continuum model, which quantifies the evolution of DOC reactivity and ensuing concentration. Results show that simulating both water age and DOC reactivity effectively reproduces DOC concentrations and reveals a correlation between modeled reactivity and observed DOC quality indices. During snowmelt and storm events, rapid hydrologic pathways transport reactive DOC with a quality profile similar to that of freshly formed terrestrial DOC, while during baseflow, slower pathways carry less reactive DOC with a signature of preceding degradation processes. These findings shed light on the role of catchment hydrology in carbon cycling and on its implications for riverine ecosystem functioning.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0