World journal of stem cells最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the versatile potential: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface reconstruction and oculoplastics.","authors":"Pier Luigi Surico, Anna Scarabosio, Giovanni Miotti, Martina Grando, Carlo Salati, Pier Camillo Parodi, Leopoldo Spadea, Marco Zeppieri","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.89","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review comprehensively explores the versatile potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a specific focus on adipose-derived MSCs. Ophthalmic and oculoplastic surgery, encompassing diverse procedures for ocular and periocular enhancement, demands advanced solutions for tissue restoration, functional and aesthetic refinement, and aging. Investigating immunomodulatory, regenerative, and healing capacities of MSCs, this review underscores the potential use of adipose-derived MSCs as a cost-effective alternative from bench to bedside, addressing common unmet needs in the field of reconstructive and regenerative surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling during osteogenic differentiation.","authors":"Pakkath Narayanan Arya, Iyyappan Saranya, Nagarajan Selvamurugan","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.102","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from many sources, including the bone marrow and adipose tissue, and differentiate into various cell types, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. Recent studies on MSCs have revealed that many transcription factors and signaling pathways control osteogenic development. Osteogenesis is the process by which new bones are formed; it also aids in bone remodeling. Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are involved in many cellular processes and considered to be essential for life. Wnt/β-catenin and BMPs are important for bone formation in mammalian development and various regulatory activities in the body. Recent studies have indicated that these two signaling pathways contribute to osteogenic differentiation. Active Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis by activating the downstream targets of the BMP signaling pathway. Here, we briefly review the molecular processes underlying the crosstalk between these two pathways and explain their participation in osteogenic differentiation, emphasizing the canonical pathways. This review also discusses the crosstalk mechanisms of Wnt/BMP signaling with Notch- and extracellular-regulated kinases in osteogenic differentiation and bone development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells in clinical practice.","authors":"Mohammed E Grawish","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.54","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental pulp stem/stromal cells (DPSCs) are fibroblast-like, neural crest-derived, and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages. They are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps, with little ethical concerns and can be successfully cryopreserved and thawed. The therapeutic effects of DPSCs derived from animal or human sources have been extensively studied through <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> animal experiments and the findings indicated that DPSCs are effective not only for dental diseases but also for systemic diseases. Understanding that translational research is a critical step through which the fundamental scientific discoveries could be translated into applicable diagnostics and therapeutics that directly benefit humans, several clinical studies were carried out to generate evidence for the efficacy and safety of autogenous or allogeneic human DPSCs (hDPSCs) as a treatment modality for use in cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine/dentistry and tissue engineering. In clinical medicine, hDPSCs were effective for treating acute ischemic stroke and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) repaired vascular damage of the corpus cavernous, which is the main cause of erectile dysfunction. Whereas in clinical dentistry, autologous SHED was able to regenerate necrotic dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth, and micrografts enriched with autologous hDPSCs and collagen sponge were considered a treatment option for human intrabony defects. In contrast, hDPSCs did not add a significant regenerative effect when they were used for the treatment of post-extraction sockets. Large-scale clinical studies across diverse populations are still lacking to provide robust evidence on the safety and efficacy of hDPSCs as a new treatment option for various human diseases including dental-related problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells <i>via</i> nuclear factor-κB signaling.","authors":"Jing-Yi Li, Ting-Ting Wang, Li Ma, Yu Zhang, Di Zhu","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.151","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity. During osteoporosis, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, resulting in bone loss. Jumonji domain-containing 1C (<i>JMJD1C</i>) has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the effect of <i>JMJD1C</i> on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues. Oil Red O staining, Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipogenic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differentiation of BMSCs. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand to induce osteoclast differentiation, and osteoclast differentiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Other related genes were measured <i>via</i> reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated. <i>JMJD1C</i> mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction, while p-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered. Knockdown of <i>JMJD1C</i> repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs. Moreover, <i>JMJD1C</i> expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>JMJD1C</i>/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple pretreatments can effectively improve the functionality of mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Xin-Xing Wan, Xi-Min Hu, Kun Xiong","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.58","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we offer our perspective on the groundbreaking study entitled \"Hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning enhances the immunosuppressive properties of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells\", recently published in <i>World Journal of Stem Cells</i>. Despite over three decades of research on the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), only a few therapeutic products have made it to clinical use, due to multiple preclinical and clinical challenges yet to be addressed. The study proved the hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning led to higher immunosuppressive effects of MSCs without damaging their biological characteristics, which revealed the combination of inflammatory factors and hypoxic preconditioning offers a promising approach to enhance the function of MSCs. As we delve deeper into the intricacies of pretreatment methodologies, we anticipate a transformative shift in the landscape of MSC-based therapies, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and advancing the field as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells mediate extracellular matrix remodeling in osteoarthritis through the transport of microRNA-29a.","authors":"Fan Yang, Wan-Qi Xiong, Chen-Zhi Li, Ming-Jian Wu, Xiu-Zhi Zhang, Chun-Xiao Ran, Zhen-Hao Li, Yan Cui, Bao-Yi Liu, De-Wei Zhao","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.191","DOIUrl":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common orthopedic condition with an uncertain etiology, possibly involving genetics and biomechanics. Factors like changes in chondrocyte microenvironment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune responses affect KOA development. Early-stage treatment options primarily target symptom relief. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for treatment, despite challenges. Recent research highlights microRNAs (miRNAs) within MSC-released extracellular vesicles that can potentially promote cartilage regeneration and hinder KOA progression. This suggests exosomes (Exos) as a promising avenue for future treatment. While these findings emphasize the need for effective KOA progression management, further safety and efficacy validation for Exos is essential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore miR-29a's role in KOA, we'll create miR-29a-loaded vesicles, testing for early treatment in rat models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extraction of bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, preparation of engineered vesicles loaded with miR-29a using ultrasonication, and identification using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; after establishing a rat model of KOA, rats were randomly divided into three groups: Blank control group injected with saline, normal extracellular vesicle group injected with normal extracellular vesicle suspension, and engineered extracellular vesicle group injected with engineered extracellular vesicle suspension. The three groups were subjected to general behavioral observation analysis, imaging evaluation, gross histological observation evaluation, histological detection, and immunohistochemical detection to compare and evaluate the progress of various forms of arthritis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>General behavioral observation results showed that the extracellular vesicle group and engineered extracellular vesicle group had better performance in all four indicators of pain, gait, joint mobility, and swelling compared to the blank control group. Additionally, the engineered extracellular vesicle group had better pain relief at 4 wk and better knee joint mobility at 8 wk compared to the normal extracellular vesicle group. Imaging examination results showed that the blank control group had the fastest progression of arthritis, the normal extracellular vesicle group had a relatively slower progression, and the engineered extracellular vesicle group had the slowest progression. Gross histological observation results showed that the blank control group had the most obvious signs of arthritis, the normal extracellular vesicle group showed signs of arthritis, and the engineered extracellular vesicle group showed no significant signs of arthritis. Using the Pelletier gross score evaluation, the engineered extracellular vesicle group had the slowest progression of arthritis. Results from two types of staining showed that the articular cartila","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: Recent advances from mechanisms to therapeutics","authors":"Hang-Qi Hu, Xiyan Xin, Yuming Zhu, Rui Fan, Hao-Lin Zhang, Yang Ye, Dong Li","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is increasing worldwide, particularly among younger women, posing a significant challenge to fertility. In addition to menopausal symptoms, POI leads to several complications that profoundly affect female reproductive function and overall health. Unfortunately, current clinical treatment strategies for this condition are limited and often yield unsatisfactory outcomes. These approaches typically involve hormone replacement therapy combined with psychological support. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for POI have garnered considerable attention in global research. MSCs can restore ovarian reproductive and endocrine functions through diverse mechanisms, including controlling differentiation, promoting angiogenesis, regulating ovarian fibrosis, inhibiting apoptosis, enhancing autocrine and paracrine effects, suppressing inflammation, modulating the immune system, and genetic regulation. This editorial offers a succinct summary of the application of MSC therapy in the context of POI, providing evidence for groundbreaking medical approaches that have potential to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being for women.","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabetic foot: Bibliometric analysis and perspectives","authors":"Hongshuo Shi, Xin Yuan, Fangfang Wu, Xiaoyu Li, Weijing Fan, Xiao Yang, Xiao-Ming Hu, Guo-Bin Liu","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treating diabetic foot (DF).\u0000 AIM\u0000 To conduct a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of stem cell therapy for DF over the past two decades, with the aim of depicting the current global research landscape, identifying the most influential research hotspots, and providing insights for future research directions.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for all relevant studies on the use of stem cell therapy in DF. Bibliometric analysis was carried out using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R (4.3.1) to identify the most notable studies.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 A search was conducted to identify publications related to the use of stem cells for DF treatment. A total of 542 articles published from 2000 to 2023 were identified. The United States had published the most papers on this subject. In this field, Iran’s Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences demonstrated the highest productivity. Furthermore, Dr. Bayat from the same university has been an outstanding researcher in this field. Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the journal with the highest number of publications in this field. The main keywords were “diabetic foot ulcers,” “wound healing,” and “angiogenesis.”\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 This study systematically illustrated the advances in the use of stem cell therapy to treat DF over the past 23 years. Current research findings suggested that the hotspots in this field include stem cell dressings, exosomes, wound healing, and adipose-derived stem cells. Future research should also focus on the clinical translation of stem cell therapies for DF.","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery of a patient with total radial nerve injury: A pilot study","authors":"E. Civelek, S. Kabataş, Eyüp Can Savrunlu, Furkan Diren, Necati Kaplan, D. Ofluoğlu, E. Karaöz","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses. Currently, there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage, despite the existence of several small compounds, peptides, hormones, and growth factors that have been suggested as potential enhancers of neuron regeneration. Despite the objective of achieving full functional restoration by surgical intervention, the persistent challenge of inadequate functional recovery remains a significant concern in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To examine the impact of exosomes on the process of functional recovery following a complete radial nerve damage.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 A male individual, aged 24, who is right-hand dominant and an immigrant, arrived with an injury caused by a knife assault. The cut is located on the left arm, specifically below the elbow. The neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing reveal evidence of left radial nerve damage. The sural autograft was utilized for repair, followed by the application of 1 mL of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome, comprising 5 billion microvesicles. This exosome was split into four equal volumes of 0.25 mL each and delivered microsurgically to both the proximal and distal stumps using the subepineural pathway. The patient was subjected to a period of 180 d during which they had neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 The duration of the patient’s follow-up period was 180 d. An increasing Tinel’s sign and sensory-motor recovery were detected even at the 10th wk following nerve grafting. Upon the conclusion of the 6-mo post-treatment period, an evaluation was conducted to measure the extent of improvement in motor and sensory functions of the nerve. This assessment was based on the British Medical Research Council scale and the Mackinnon-Dellon scale. The results indicated that the level of improvement in motor function was classified as M5, denoting an excellent outcome. Additionally, the level of improvement in sensory function was classified as S3+, indicating a good outcome. It is noteworthy that these assessments were conducted in the absence of physical therapy. At the 10th wk post-injury, despite the persistence of substantial axonal damage, the nerve exhibited indications of nerve re-innervation as evidenced by control electromyography (EMG). In contrast to the preceding. EMG analysis revealed a significant electrophysiological enhancement in the EMG conducted at the 6th-mo follow-up, indicating ongoing regeneration.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Enhanced comprehension of the neurobiological ramifications associated with peripheral nerve damage, as well as the experimental and therapy approaches delineated in this investigation, holds the potential to catalyze future clinical progress.","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy","authors":"V. Miceli","doi":"10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. MSCs play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and possess diverse functions in tissue repair and recovery in various organs. These cells are characterized by easy accessibility, few ethical concerns, and adaptability to in vitro cultures, making them a valuable resource for cell therapy in several clinical conditions. Over the years, it has been shown that the true therapeutic power of MSCs lies not in cell engraftment and replacement but in their ability to produce critical paracrine factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes (EXOs), which modulate the tissue microenvironment and facilitate repair and regeneration processes. Consequently, MSC-derived products, such as conditioned media and EXOs, are now being extensively evaluated for their potential medical applications, offering advantages over the long-term use of whole MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC-based treatments varies in clinical trials due to both intrinsic differences resulting from the choice of diverse cell sources and non-standardized production methods. To address these concerns and to enhance MSC therapeutic potential, researchers have explored many priming strategies, including exposure to inflammatory molecules, hypoxic conditions, and three-dimensional culture techniques. These approaches have optimized MSC secretion of functional factors, empowering them with enhanced immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and regenerative properties tailored to specific medical conditions. In fact, various priming strategies show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases, from immune-related disorders to acute injuries and cancer. Currently, in order to exploit the full therapeutic potential of MSC therapy, the most important challenge is to optimize the modulation of MSCs to obtain adapted cell therapy for specific clinical disorders. In other words, to unlock the complete potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine, it is crucial to identify the most suitable tissue source and develop in vitro manipulation protocols specific to the type of disease being treated.","PeriodicalId":23775,"journal":{"name":"World journal of stem cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139594943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}