World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula ameliorates gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Ya-Nan Wang, Xiang-Yang Zhai, Zheng Wang, Chun-Ling Gao, Sui-Cai Mi, Wen-Li Tang, Xue-Min Fu, Huai-Bang Li, Li-Feng Yue, Peng-Fei Li, Sheng-Yan Xi","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula [Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction (TCCL)] is a Chinese medical formula that has been clinically shown to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients and improve their quality of life. However, its effect and mechanism on the intestinal microecology after chemotherapy are not yet clear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To discover the potential mechanisms of TCCL on gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six mice were inoculated subcutaneously with HCC cells. One week later, the mice received a large dose of 5-fluorouracil by intraperitoneal injection to establish a HCC chemotherapy model. Thirty-six mice were randomly selected before administration, and feces, ileal tissue, and ileal contents were collected from each mouse. The remaining mice were randomized into normal saline, continuous chemotherapy, Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules-treated, and three TCCL-treated groups. After treatment, feces, tumors, liver, spleen, thymus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues, and ileal contents were collected. Morphological changes, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, TNF-α, and TGF-β, intestinal SIgA, and protein and mRNA expression of ZO-1, NF-κB, Occludin, MUC-2, Claudin-1, and IκB-α in colon tissues were documented. The effect of TCCL on the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TCCL treatment improved thymus and spleen weight, thymus and spleen indexes, and body weight, decreased tumor volumes and tumor tissue cell density, and alleviated injury to gastric, ileal, and colonic mucosal tissues. Among proteins and genes associated with inflammation, IL-10, TGF-β, SIgA, ZO-1, MUC-2, and Occludin were upregulated, whereas NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-8, and IκB-α were downregulated. Additionally, TCCL increased the proportions of fecal <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>AF12</i>, <i>Adlercreutzia</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Coriobacteriaceae</i>, and <i>Paraprevotella</i> in the intermediate stage of treatment, decreased the proportions of <i>Mucipirillum</i>, <i>Odoribacter</i>, <i>RF32</i>, <i>YS2</i>, and <i>Rikenellaceae</i> but increased the proportions of <i>p_Deferribacteres</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> at the end of treatment. Studies on ileal mucosal microbiota showed similar findings. Moreover, TCCL improved community richness, evenness, and the diversity of fecal and ileal mucosal flora.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TCCL relieves pathological changes in tumor tissue and chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury, potentially by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors to repair the gastrointestinal mucosa, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and maintaining gastrointestinal microecolog","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long noncoding RNA steroid receptor RNA activator 1 inhibits proliferation and glycolysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Ming He, Ye Qi, Ze-Mao Zheng, Min Sha, Xiang Zhao, Yu-Rao Chen, Zheng-Hai Chen, Rong-Yu Qian, Juan Yao, Zheng-Dong Yang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical effects and detailed roles of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain ambiguous. In the present study, the complementary sites between lncRNA SRA1, miRNA-363-5p, and phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) predicted <i>via</i> bioinformatics analysis stimulated us to hypothesize that miRNA-363-5p/LHPP axis might be required for SRA1-mediated ESCC progression.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the molecular events of SRA1 in the malignant behavior in ESCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight ESCC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were acquired. SRA1 expression was detected in ESCC tissues and cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting Kit-8 assay, transwell invasion assay, glycolysis assay, and xenograft tumor model were performed to address the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC cells after the introduction of SRA1. The <i>t</i>-test and the <i>χ</i> ² test were used for comparison between groups. Survival curve analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SRA1 downregulation was identified in ESCC. ESCC patients exhibiting a low SRA1 expression faced shorter overall survival than those with a high SRA1 expression. The introduction of SRA1 inhibited cell proliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate production in ESCC. <i>In vivo</i>, the growth of ESCC was hindered by SRA1 overexpression. Then, SRA1 overexpresses the LHPP by inhibiting miRNA-363-5p. Lastly, the introduction of small interfering RNA si-LHPP or miRNA-363-5p mimic could abrogate the inhibition roles triggered by SRA1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SRA1 inhibits the oncogenicity of ESCC <i>via</i> miRNA-363-5p/LHPP axis. The SRA1/miRNA-363-5p/LHPP pathway may be a therapeutic target for ESCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and risk factor analyses of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in older patients with colorectal polyps.","authors":"Xin Zhang, Ying Wang, Tong Zhu, Jian Ge, Jun-Hua Yuan","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the degree of intradermal neoplasia in the colorectal exhalation, it can be divided into two grades: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). Currently, it is difficult to accurately diagnose LGIN and HGIN through imaging, and clinical diagnosis depends on postoperative histopathological diagnosis. A more accurate method for evaluating HGIN preoperatively is urgently needed in the surgical treatment and nursing intervention of colorectal polyps.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the characteristics and risk factors of HGIN in older patients with colorectal polyps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 84 older patients diagnosed with HGIN as the HGIN group (<i>n</i> = 95 colonic polyps) and 112 older patients diagnosed with LGIN as the LGIN group (<i>n</i> = 132 colonic polyps) from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. The endoscopic features, demographic characteristics, and clinical manifestations of the two patient groups were compared, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for HGIN in these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HGIN group was older and had a higher number of sigmoid colon polyps, rectal polyps, pedunculated polyps, polyps ≥ 1.0 cm in size, polyps with surface congestion, polyps with surface depression, and polyps with villous/tubular adenomas, a higher proportion of patients with diabetes and a family history of colorectal cancer, patients who experienced rectal bleeding or occult blood, patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 199 (CA199), and lower nutritional levels and higher frailty levels. The polyp location (in the sigmoid colon or rectum), polyp diameter (≥ 1.0 cm), pathological diagnosis of (villous/tubular adenoma), family history of colorectal cancer, rectal bleeding or occult blood, elevated serum CEA and CA199 levels, lower nutritional levels and higher frailty levels also are independent risk factors for HGIN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of high-grade neoplastic transformation in colorectal polyps is closely associated with their location, size, villous/tubular characteristics, family history, elevated levels of tumor markers, and lower nutritional levels and higher frailty levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological analysis of small intestinal metastasis from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy.","authors":"Zhi Zhang, Jing Liu, Peng-Fei Yu, Hai-Rui Yang, Jin-Yang Li, Zhi-Wei Dong, Wei Shi, Guo-Li Gu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The metastatic tumors in the small intestine secondary to extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy are extremely rare. However, the small intestine metastases are extremely prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and examination methods, thus delaying its treatment. Therefore, in order to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment capabilities, it is necessary to summarize its clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with small intestinal metastases from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy, and to improve the clinical capability of diagnosis and treatment for rare metastatic tumors in the small intestine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of patients with small intestinal metastases from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy were retrieved and summarized, who admitted to and treated in the Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army. Then descriptive statistics were performed on the general conditions, primary tumors, secondary tumors in the small intestine, diagnosis and treatment processes, and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 11 patients (9 males and 2 females) were enrolled in this study, including 8 cases (72.3%) of primary lung cancer, 1 case (9.1%) of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, 1 case (9.1%) of cutaneous malignant melanoma, and 1 case (9.1%) of testicular cancer. The median age at the diagnosis of primary tumors was 57.9 years old, the median age at the diagnosis of metastatic tumors in the small intestine was 58.81 years old, and the average duration from initial diagnosis of primary tumors to definite diagnosis of small intestinal metastases was 9 months (0-36 months). Moreover, small intestinal metastases was identified at the diagnosis of primary tumors in 4 cases. The small intestinal metastases were distributed in the jejunum and ileum, with such clinical manifestations as hematochezia (5, 45.4%) and abdominal pain, vomiting and other obstruction (4, 36.4%). In addition, 2 patients had no obvious symptoms at the diagnosis of small intestinal metastases, and 5 patients underwent radical resection of small intestinal malignancies and recovered well after surgery. A total of 3 patients did not receive subsequent treatment due to advanced conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Small intestinal metastases of extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy is rare with high malignancy and great difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Clinically, patients with extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy should be alert to the occurrence of this disease, and their prognosis may be improved through active surgery combined with standard targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small particle drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization combined with targeted therapy in the clinical treatment of unresectable liver cancer.","authors":"Jing-Song Qi, Peng Zhao, Xiao-Bo Zhao, Yong-Li Zhao, Ying-Chang Guo","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver cancer is a highly malignant tumor with significant clinical impact. Chemotherapy alone often yields suboptimal outcomes in both the short and long term, characterized by high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, leading to a poor long-term prognosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of small particle drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) combined with targeted therapy for the treatment of unresectable liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed clinical data from 74 patients with unresectable liver cancer admitted between January 2019 and December 2020. Based on the different treatment regimens administered, patients were divided into the control (36 patients receiving sorafenib alone) and joint (38 patients receiving small particle DEB-TACE combined with sorafenib) groups. We compared liver function indicators [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB)] and serum tumor markers [alpha fetoprotein (AFP)] before and after treatment in both groups. Short-term efficacy measures [complete response (CR), partial response, progression disease, stable disease, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR)] were assessed post-treatment. Long-term follow-up evaluated median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse reaction rates between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month post-treatment, the joint group demonstrated significantly higher rates of CR, ORR, and DCR compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Three days after treatment, the joint group showed elevated levels of ALT, AST, and TBIL but reduced levels of ALB and AFP compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The median OS was 18 months for the control group and 25 months for the joint group, while the median PFS was 15 months for the control group and 22 months for the joint group, with significant differences observed (log-rank: <i>χ</i> ² = 7.824, 6.861, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.005, 0.009, respectively). The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of small particle DEB-TACE and sorafenib significantly improves both short- and long-term outcomes in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer while preserving liver function.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update understanding on diagnosis and histopathological examination of atrophic gastritis: A review.","authors":"Xiu-Zhen Ma, Ni Zhou, Xiu Luo, Si-Qi Guo, Ping Mai","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a complex syndrome in which long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation causes gland atrophy in the gastric mucosa, reducing the stomach's ability to secrete gastric juice and pepsin, and interfering with its normal physiological function. Multiple pathogenic factors contribute to CAG incidence, the most common being <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and the immune reactions resulting from gastric autoimmunity. Furthermore, CAG has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including gastroenterology and extra-intestinal symptoms and signs, such as hematology, neurology, and oncology. Therefore, the initial CAG evaluation should involve the examination of clinical and serological indicators, as well as diagnosis confirmation <i>via</i> gastroscopy and histopathology if necessary. Depending on the severity and scope of atrophy affecting the gastric mucosa, a histologic staging system (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment or Operative Link on Gastritis intestinal metaplasia) could also be employed. Moreover, chronic gastritis has a higher risk of progressing to gastric cancer (GC). In this regard, early diagnosis, treatment, and regular testing could reduce the risk of GC in CAG patients. However, the optimal interval for endoscopic monitoring in CAG patients remains uncertain, and it should ideally be tailored based on individual risk evaluations and shared decision-making processes. Although there have been many reports on CAG, the precise etiology and histopathological features of the disease, as well as the diagnosis of CAG patients, are yet to be fully elucidated. Consequently, this review offers a detailed account of CAG, including its key clinical aspects, aiming to enhance the overall understanding of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of peripheral blood UL16 and DR-70 for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Zhi-Ping Zong, Chen Wu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3832","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great significance to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients, but early diagnosis of CRC requires more sensitive techniques. Peripheral blood UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2) and human fibrinogen degradation products (DR-70) are the main indicators for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess ULBP2 and DR-70 potential for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CRC to provide a reference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 60 patients with early-stage CRC (CRC group), 50 patients with benign colorectal tumors (benign group), and 50 healthy patients (control group) enrolled at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Jiangsu Province Official Hospital between January, 2020 and January, 2022. ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood were determined and differences among the three groups and early diagnostic values for CRC were determined. Patients with CRC were divided into the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups, and ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood and diagnostic values were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the control and benign groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between the benign and control groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Among the 60 patients with CRC followed up for two years, two died (3.33%) and 15 exhibited tumor metastasis, progression, or recurrence (25.00%). ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted. Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of serum ULBP2 with DR-70 for the early diagnosis of CRC were higher than those of the single serum indices (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in both the good and poor prognosis groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly high in patients with early-stage CRC. They improved the diagnostic rate of early-stage CRC and predicted patient prognosis, thereby showing clinical application potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern technology-based exploration of mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.","authors":"De-Hui Li, Rui-Qi Feng","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3747","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review comments on the article \"To explore the mechanism of Yigong San anti-gastric cancer and immune regulation\". We are interested that the article applied network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to elucidate the mechanism of action of Yigong Sang, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). The mechanism of action of Yigong Sang in the treatment of GC has not yet been elucidated because it is composed of multiple Chinese medicines with multiple components and multiple targets. The emergence of network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis helps explain the mechanism of action of TCM in preventing and treating GC, and provides a possibility for TCM to transform from empirical to evidence-based medicine. This is of great significance for the application of TCM in oncology, new drug development, formula optimization, and the improvement of clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative delirium: A tragedy for elderly cancer patients.","authors":"Oguzhan Arun, Funda Arun","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3765","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we comment on the article by Hu <i>et al</i> entitled \"Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique\"<i>.</i> We wanted to draw attention to the general features of postoperative delirium (POD) as well as the areas where there are uncertainties and contradictions. POD can be defined as acute neurocognitive dysfunction that occurs in the first week after surgery. It is a severe postoperative complication, especially for elderly oncology patients. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, various neuroinflammatory mechanisms and neurotransmitters are thought to be involved. Various assessment scales and diagnostic methods have been proposed for the early diagnosis of POD. As delirium is considered a preventable clinical entity in about half of the cases, various early prediction models developed with the support of machine learning have recently become a hot scientific topic. Unfortunately, a model with high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of POD has not yet been reported. This situation reveals that all health personnel who provide health care services to elderly patients should approach patients with a high level of awareness in the perioperative period regarding POD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation-related markers and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer.","authors":"Lu Zhang, Yan-Ping Chen, Min Ji, Le-Qian Ying, Chun-Chun Huang, Jing-Yi Zhou, Lin Liu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3875","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation-related markers including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could reflect tumor immune microenvironment and predict prognosis of cancers. However, it had not been explored in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing gastric cancer (GC).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers including as NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, SIRI and PNI in the prognosis of AFP- producing GC (AFPGC). Besides, this study would also compare the differences in tumor immune microenvironment, clinical characteristics and prognosis between AFPGC and AFP- GC patients to improve the understanding of this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>573 patients enrolled were retrospectively studied. They were divided into AFP+ group (AFP ≥ 20 ng/mL) and AFP- group (AFP < 20 ng/mL), comparing the levels of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and prognosis. In AFP+ group, the impact of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and their dynamic changes on prognosis were further explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with AFP- patients, AFP+ patients had higher NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI and lower PNI levels and poorer overall survival (OS). In the AFP+ group, mortality was significantly lower in the lower NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI group and higher PNI group. Moreover, the dynamic increase (NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI) or decrease (PNI) was associated with the rise of mortality within 1 year of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with AFP- patients, the level of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers significantly increased in AFP+ patients, which was correlated with OS of AFP+ patients. Also, the gradual increase of SII and SIRI was associated with the risk of death within one year in AFP+ patients. AFPGC should be considered as a separate type and distinguished from AFP- GC because of the difference in tumor immune microenvironment. It requires basic experiments and large clinical samples in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}