World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Conversion therapy in advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma based on patient-derived organoids: A case report.","authors":"Yong-Gang He, Ling-Yu Zhang, Jing Li, Zheng Wang, Chong-Yu Zhao, Lu Zheng, Xiao-Bing Huang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been demonstrated to predict the response to drugs in multiple cancer types. However, it remains unclear about its application in cholangiocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to upper abdominal pain for over 8 months. According to relevant examinations, she was diagnosed as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) with intrahepatic metastasis and perihilar lymphatic metastasis. After multidisciplinary team discussion, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was performed to relieve biliary obstruction, and puncture biopsy was conducted to confirm the pathological diagnosis. Transarterial chemoembolization with nab-paclitaxel was used in combination with toripalimab and lenvatinib, but the levels of tumor markers including alpha fetal protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 15-3 and cancer antigen 125 were still raised. The PDO for drug screening showed sensitive to gemcitabine and cisplatin. Accordingly, the chemotherapy regimen was adjusted to gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with toripalimab and lenvatinib. After 4 cycles of treatment, the tumor was assessed resectable, and radical surgical resection was performed successfully. One year after surgery, the patient was still alive, and no recurrence or occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDOs for drug sensitivity contribute to screening effective chemotherapy drugs for advanced pCCA, promoting conversion therapy and improving the prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Research progress of ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation and metabolism in occurrence of primary liver cancer\".","authors":"Yu-Jie Shu, Bo Lao, Ying-Yang Qiu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 2335 in vol. 16, PMID: 38994128.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing prognostic models for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on immune cells.","authors":"Zhuo-Ran Wang, Cun-Zhen Zhang, Zhan Ding, Yi-Zhuo Li, Jian-Hua Yin, Nan Li","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant liver tumor that is challenging to treat and manage and current prognostic models for the disease are inefficient or ineffective. Tumor-associated immune cells are critical for tumor development and progression. The main goal of this study was to establish models based on tumor-associated immune cells for predicting the overall survival of patients undergoing surgery for ICC.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish 1-year and 3-year prognostic models for ICC after surgical resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD4, CD8, CD20, pan-cytokeratin (CK), and CD68 in tumors and paired adjacent tissues from 141 patients with ICC who underwent curative surgery. Selection of variables was based on regression diagnostic procedures and goodness-of-fit tests (PH assumption). Clinical parameters and pathological diagnoses, combined with the distribution of immune cells in tumors and paired adjacent tissues, were utilized to establish 1- and 3-year prognostic models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This is an important application of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. CD4, CD8, CD20, and CK were included in the establishment of our prognostic model by stepwise selection, whereas CD68 was not significantly associated with the prognosis of ICC. By integrating clinical data associated with ICC, distinct prognostic models were derived for 1- and 3-year survival outcomes using variable selection. The 1-year prediction model yielded a C-index of 0.76 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.65-0.87 and the 3-year prediction model produced a C-index of 0.69 (95%CI: 0.65-0.73). Internal validation yielded a C-index of 0.761 (95%CI: 0.669-0.853) for the 1-year model and 0.693 (95%CI: 0.642-0.744) for the 3-year model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed Cox regression models for 1-year and 3-year survival predictions of patients with ICC who underwent resection, which has positive implications for establishing a more comprehensive prognostic model for ICC based on tumor immune microenvironment and immune cell changes in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare and lacking typical clinical symptoms of liver tumors: Four case reports.","authors":"Yun Zhao, Yu-Kun Bie, Guang-Ya Zhang, Yi-Bin Feng, Feng Wang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rare liver tumors (RLTs) have an extremely low likelihood of forming, and some have been recorded only in isolated cases. The lack of normal clinical symptoms in RLTs makes preoperative diagnosis extremely challenging, which results in frequent misinterpretation. The present case report helps enhance our ability to recognize and treat uncommon liver tumor disorders.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We describe four distinct examples of rare liver tumor diseases. These cases were all true cases with no conventional clinical signs or imaging findings. In all patients, hepatic occupancy was discovered on physical examination, which raised the preoperative suspicion of hepatic cancer. All tumors were surgically removed, and postoperative histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The first patient had primary hepatic fibrosarcoma. The second case involved a primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors. These two patients had malignant liver tumors, and both had extremely satisfactory surgical outcomes. The third case involved focal hepatic steatosis, and the fourth case involved a single necrotic nodule in the liver. These two patients had benign liver tumors, but they had already undergone surgery and did not require any postoperative care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of patients with RLTs is small, and the clinical and imaging results are vague. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, and patients are sometimes mistakenly diagnosed with liver cancer, which leads to unnecessary surgical therapy in certain individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uninvolved liver dose prediction in stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver cancer based on the neural network method.","authors":"Huai-Wen Zhang, You-Hua Wang, Bo Hu, Hao-Wen Pang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of a radiotherapy plan often depends on the knowledge and expertise of the plan designers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To predict the uninvolved liver dose in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver cancer using a neural network-based method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 114 SBRT plans for liver cancer were used to test the neural network method. Sub-organs of the uninvolved liver were automatically generated. Correlations between the volume of each sub-organ, uninvolved liver dose, and neural network prediction model were established using MATLAB. Of the cases, 70% were selected as the training set, 15% as the validation set, and 15% as the test set. The regression <i>R</i>-value and mean square error (MSE) were used to evaluate the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The volume of the uninvolved liver was related to the volume of the corresponding sub-organs. For all sets of <i>R</i>-values of the prediction model, except for D_n0 which was 0.7513, all <i>R</i>-values of D_n10-D_n100 and D_nmean were > 0.8. The MSE of the prediction model was also low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed a neural network-based method to predict the uninvolved liver dose in SBRT for liver cancer. It is simple and easy to use and warrants further promotion and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical implications of the latest advances in gastrointestinal tumor research.","authors":"Wei Dai, Yuan-Qi Li, You Zhou","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we provide commentary on six articles recently published in the <i>World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology</i>. These articles collectively present the latest findings in the field of gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) research. The global incidence of gastric cancer varies based on geographical location, age, and sex. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a slightly higher prevalence in men than in women. CRC is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality rate. It primarily affects individuals over the age of 50, and the risk of disease increases with age. Both gastric and CRC pose significant health threats, thus requiring more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and supportive care strategies to improve patient outcomes. The articles discussed in this editorial encompass topics such as screening, diagnosis, mechanisms of progression, and postoperative recovery in gastric and CRC, and the findings offer valuable insights for clinical decision-making in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a nomogram to predict overall survival of colon cancer based on computed tomography characteristics and clinicopathological factors.","authors":"Zhe-Xing Hu, Yin Li, Xuan Yang, Yu-Xia Li, Yao-Yao He, Xiao-Hui Niu, Ting-Ting Nie, Xiao-Fang Guo, Zi-Long Yuan","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The colon cancer prognosis is influenced by multiple factors, including clinical, pathological, and non-biological factors. However, only a few studies have focused on computed tomography (CT) imaging features. Therefore, this study aims to predict the prognosis of patients with colon cancer by combining CT imaging features with clinical and pathological characteristics, and establishes a nomogram to provide critical guidance for the individualized treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish and validate a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with colon cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the survival data of 249 patients with colon cancer confirmed by surgical pathology between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were randomly divided into training and testing groups at a 1:1 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors associated with OS, and a nomogram model was constructed for the training group. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the nomogram model in the training and testing groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis on CT, perineural invasion, and tumor classification were independent prognostic factors. A nomogram incorporating these variables was constructed, and the C-index of the training and testing groups was 0.804 and 0.692, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated good consistency between the actual values and predicted probabilities of OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A nomogram combining CT imaging characteristics and clinicopathological factors exhibited good discrimination and reliability. It can aid clinicians in risk stratification and postoperative monitoring and provide important guidance for the individualized treatment of patients with colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of upregulated Rho GTPase activating protein 12 causing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Xiao-Wei Wang, Yu-Xing Tang, Fu-Xi Li, Jia-Le Wang, Gao-Peng Yao, Da-Tong Zeng, Yu-Lu Tang, Bang-Teng Chi, Qin-Yan Su, Lin-Qing Huang, Di-Yuan Qin, Gang Chen, Zhen-Bo Feng, Rong-Quan He","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health challenge with high incidence and poor survival rates in China. Systemic therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are the first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but resistance is common. The Rho GTPase family member Rho GTPase activating protein 12 (ARHGAP12), which regulates cell adhesion and invasion, is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in HCC. However, no studies on the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC and its role in resistance to TKIs have been reported.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To unveil the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC, its role in TKI resistance and its potential associated pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to evaluate <i>ARHGAP12</i> mRNA levels and explored its mechanisms through enrichment analysis. CellChat was used to investigate focal adhesion (FA) pathway regulation. We integrated bulk RNA data (RNA-seq and microarray), immunohistochemistry and proteomics to analyze <i>ARHGAP12</i> mRNA and protein levels, correlating with clinical outcomes. We assessed ARHGAP12 expression in TKI-resistant HCC, integrated conventional HCC to explore its mechanism, identified intersecting FA pathway genes with scRNA-seq data and evaluated its response to TKI and immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>ARHGAP12</i> mRNA was found to be highly expressed in malignant hepatocytes and to regulate FA. In malignant hepatocytes in high-score FA groups, MDK-[integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6) + integrin β-1 (ITGB1)] showed specificity in ligand-receptor interactions. ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein were upregulated in bulk RNA, immunohistochemistry and proteomics, and higher expression was associated with a worse prognosis. ARHGAP12 was also found to be a TKI resistance gene that regulated the FA pathway. ITGB1 was identified as a crossover gene in the FA pathway in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA. High expression of ARHGAP12 was associated with adverse reactions to sorafenib, cabozantinib and regorafenib, but not to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARHGAP12 expression is elevated in HCC and TKI-resistant HCC, and its regulatory role in FA may underlie the TKI-resistant phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratumoural microorganism can affect the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Bao-Qun Liu, Yi Bai, Da-Peng Chen, Ya-Min Zhang, Tian-Ze Wang, Jing-Rui Chen, Xiang-Yu Liu, Bin Zheng, Zi-Lin Cui","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several recent studies have confirmed that intratumoural microorganisms can affect the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. Hence, there is a need for further research on the role of intratumoural microorganisms in HCC.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the changes in intratumoural microorganisms in HCC and the effect of <i>Propionibacterium</i> on HCC progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HCC and normal liver tissue specimens were subjected to fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH). After performing 16S rRNA sequencing on HCC and peritumoral tissues to analyze the differences between the two groups. <i>Propionibacterium</i> was cocultured with HCC cells <i>in vitro</i>. Changes in cell proliferation and migration capacity were evaluated. The expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins in tumor cells was compared. The orthotopic liver implantation model and the subcutaneous xenograft model were constructed. liver tissues and subcutaneous tumors were collected 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FISH demonstrated the presence of microorganisms in HCC and normal liver tissues. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed an abundance of <i>Lysobacter</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in HCC tissues. The distribution and abundance of <i>Propionibacterium</i> showed differences between HCC and peritumoral tissues (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated that <i>Propionibacterium</i> and its metabolite propionic acid (PA) inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The expression of the proteins in NF-κB signaling pathway also decreased in HCC cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microorganisms in HCC and normal liver tissues displayed significant disparities. The PA-producing bacterium <i>Propionibacterium</i> in HCC exerts an effect on the NF-κB pathway, thereby affecting the biological behavior of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Qi Fan, Zheng-Wei Fu, Ming Xu, Feng Lv, Jia-Song Shi, Qi-Qi Zeng, De-Hai Xiong","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}